RESUMO

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of salt stress, varying the phenological stages, and K fertilization on NPK concentrations, physiology, and production of Passiflora edulis Sims. The research was carried out at the University Farm of São Domingos, Paraíba, Brazil, using a randomized block design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement. Six irrigation strategies were evaluated (use of low electrical conductivity water (0.3 dS m-1) during all stages of development and application of high-salinity water (4.0 dS m-1) in the following stages: vegetative, flowering, fruiting, successively in the vegetative/flowering, and vegetative/fruiting stages) and two potassium levels (207 and 345 g K2O per plant), with four replications and three plants per plot. The leaf concentrations of N, P, and K in the sour passion fruit plants found in the present study were below the optimal levels reported in the literature, regardless of the development stage and the cultivation cycle. The relative water content, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis were reduced by salt stress in the first cycle. However, in the second cycle, irrigation with 4.0 dS m-1 in the vegetative/flowering stages increased the CO2 assimilation rate. Passion fruit is sensitive to salt stress in the vegetative/flowering stages of the first cycle. In the second cycle, salt stress in the fruiting stage resulted in higher production per plant.

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Physalis peruviana L. has great nutritional value and economic viability, representing an innovation for Brazilian horticulture. However, knowing the ideal point of harvesting fruits of this species is a key factor in this process that allows maximum post-harvest utilization, providing better quality and minimal losses when the fruit is harvested at physiological maturity. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize the physiological maturity of Physalis peruviana L. fruits. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design in which the treatmentscorresponded to different stages of fruit and seed maturation (20, 27, 34, and 41 days after anthesis [DAA]), with four replicates. The analyzed variables consisted of colorimetry (lightness, chroma and hue angle) of calyx and fruit; fresh weight, diameter (transverse and longitudinal), firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids:titratable acidity ratio, vitamin C and phenolic compounds of fruits; and carotenoids and chlorophyll (a and b) of calyx. The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. Fruits intended for consumption must be harvested after 35 DAA, at which time yellow color and excellent organoleptic and nutritional qualities were observed.(AU)

A Physalis peruviana L. apresenta grande valor nutricional e viabilidade econômica, tornando-se uma inovação para a horticultura brasileira. No entanto, conhecer o ponto ideal de colheita em frutos dessa espécie é um fator primordial nesse processo e que permite o máximo aproveitamento pós-colheita, proporcionando melhor qualidade e mínimo de perdas quando colhidos na maturidade fisiológica. Diante disto, objetivou-se caracterizar a maturidade fisiológica dos frutos de Physalis peruviana L. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde o tratamento consistiu em diferentes estádios de maturação do fruto e da semente (20; 27; 34; e 41 dias após a antese), com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas consistiram em colorimetria do cálice e do fruto (luminosidade, cromaticidade e ângulo hue), massa fresca, diâmetro (transversal e longitudinal) do fruto, firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, relação sólidos solúveis totais e acidez titulável do fruto, carotenoides, clorofila (a e b) do cálice, vitamina C e compostos fenólicos dos frutos. Os dados obtidos submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial. Os frutos destinados ao consumo devem ser colhidos após os 35 DAA, momento em que observou-se coloração amarelo e ótimas qualidades organolépticas e nutricionais.(AU)

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Abstract Moringa oleifera Lam., is a tree species that has several purposes of use, standing out in the recovery of degraded areas and the use of seeds as biodsorbents in water clarification. However, ony a little is known about the behavior of seed germination under saline conditions, common in soils and water in the Brazilian Northeast. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the increment of water during the soaking and seed germination of M. oleífera that were submitted to different electrical conductivity of the irrigation water. The work was developed following a completely randomized design, with stress simulation employing saline solutions at the concentrations of 0.0; 3.0; 6.0 and 9.0 dS m-1. To determine the soaking curve, the water increment of the soaked seeds in the different saline solutions was monitored at regular intervals with four replications per treatment. To characterize the physiological quality of the seeds, the percentage, first count, speed index, average time and average germination speed were evaluated. The M. oleífera is tolerant to the effect of salinity during the germination phase, however seed vigor is reduced as a function of increased salinity. Soaking the seeds makes begin the phase II of the germination process around 10 hours and extends for up to 50 hours, when phase III begins, they absorb approximately 0.2 g of water and require 86 hours for germination. Salinity reduces the absorption and increase of water in the seeds.

RESUMO

The cultivation of non-traditional fruits has gained ground in the horticulture sector, but which, in certain situations, are plants that require previous studies related to soil adaptability, climate, and irrigation water quality. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on Physalis peruviana L. (fisális) plants in the different growth phases. The experimental area was installed on the premises of the Federal University of Campina Grande, adopting a casualized block design, with four saline levels of irrigation water (0.3; 1.2; 2.1 and 3.0 dS m-1) and five repetitions per treatment. The variables analyzed were: stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves every 15 days, leaf area at 55 days after transplanting, number of side branches, number of flower buds, number of flowers, average fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter of fruits, number of fruits per plant and productivity. According to the results, the plants were tolerant to saline levels of irrigation water of up to 3.0 dS m-1, without prejudice to the phenological and productive characteristics of the crop. The unitary increase in the salinity of the irrigation water did not result in damage to the physiological characteristics of the plants until the 60 days of transplanting. (AU)

O cultivo de frutas não tradicionais tem ganhado espaço no setor de hortifrútis, mas que, em determinadas situações, são plantas que requerem estudos prévios relacionados a adaptabilidade de solo, clima e qualidade da água de irrigação. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação em plantas de Physalis peruviana L. (fisális) nas distintas fases de crescimento. A área experimental foi instalada nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, adotando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro níveis salinos da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,2; 2,1 e 3,0 dS m-1) e cinco repetições por tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas e número de folhas a cada 15 dias, área foliar aos 55 dias após o transplantio, número de ramos laterais, número de botões florais, número de flores, peso médio dos frutos, diâmetro polar e diâmetro equatorial dos frutos, número de frutos por planta e produtividade. Conforme os resultados, as plantas se mostraram tolerantes a níveis salinos da água de irrigação de até 3,0 dS m-1, sem prejuízos nas características fenológicas da cultura e produtivas. O aumento unitário da salinidade da água de irrigação não resultou em danos nas características fisiológicas das plantas até os 60 dias de transplantio. (AU)

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High seed production makes Sporobolus indicus var. pyramidalis a difficult to control invasive grassland plant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the bioactivity of Cyperus rotundus, Phyllanthus tenellus and Ricinus communis green leaf extracts and of Carica papaya seeds on S. indicus germination without breaking dormancy, simulating the field conditions. The ethanolic extract bioactivity of C. rotundus, P. tenellus, R. communis green leaves and C. papaya seeds, at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% in S. indicus germination was evaluated. Carotenoids, flavonoids, soluble phenolic compounds and total tannins were quantified in the extracts. The chemical component concentrations varied between alcoholic extracts. The P. tenellus extracts at all dilutions and those of R. communis and C. papaya at 75% completely suppressed S. indicus seed germination at five and ten days which can be attributed to their high tannin concentration, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

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Salinity is one of the factors that negatively impact plant growth and productivity; therefore, it is necessary to seek solutions that help mitigate the degenerative action of saline stress on crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on the germination and vigor of Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze seeds subjected to salinity. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design, in an incomplete 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw - 0.0, 1.45, 5.00, 8.55, and 10.00 dS m-1) and five doses of SA (0.0, 0.29, 1.00, 1.71, and 2.00 mM), with four replications of 50 seeds, totaling nine combinations generated via a central composite design. The germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, average germination time, percentage of abnormal seedlings, shoot, root, and seedling lengths, and total seedling dry mass were evaluated. Salicylic acid attenuated the effect of saline stress on initial growth, mitigating damage to root and shoot lengths. Seed priming with salicylic acid improved germination and seed vigor.(AU)

A salinidade é um dos fatores que promove a inibição no crescimento e produtividade vegetal, sendo necessária a busca por alternativas que auxiliem na mitigação da ação degenerativa do estresse salino às culturas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar doses de ácido salicílico na germinação e vigor de sementes de Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze submetidas à salinidade. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial incompleto 5 x 5, com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa de 0,0; 1,45; 5,00; 8,55 e 10,00 dS m-1) e cinco doses de AS de (0,0; 0,29; 1,00; 1,71 e 2,00 mM L-1), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes, totalizando nove combinações geradas via matriz Composto Central de Box. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, porcentagem de plântulas anormais, comprimento da parte aérea, radícula e plântula e massa seca total de plântulas. O ácido salicílico atenua o efeito do estresse salino sobre o crescimento inicial, mitigando os danos sobre o comprimento de radícula e da parte aérea. O tratamento das sementes com ácido salicílico melhora a germinação e o vigor das sementes.(AU)

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The demand for vegetable seeds with high quality and the achievement of vigorous seedlings is increasing, because these characteristics determine the success of the production. The use of some areas such as arid and semiarid regions runs into some obstacles such as salinity and potential sodicity of water used for irrigation, whose main purpose is to provide adequate moisture for growth and development of plants in order to increase productivity and consequently, reduce the effects of drought. This study aims to assess the seed germination and vigor of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. itálica) cv. Santana, under the influence of salt stress. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds and Seedlings of the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB-Pombal, in completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in 2x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two lots of seeds (not aged and aged) and osmotic potentials of five soaking solution (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on two sheets of filter paper moistened with saline (NaCl) at different concentrations and maintained in germination temperature of 20-30º C and photoperiod-eight hours, after were subjected to assessment of their physiological quality through tests of germination and vigor. The presence of salts...(AU)

A demanda por sementes de hortaliças com alta qualidade e a obtenção de mudas vigorosas tem aumentado nos últimos anos, pois estas características constituem fatores determinantes do êxito da produção. O aproveitamento de algumas áreas como as de regiões áridas e semiáridas esbarra em alguns obstáculos como a salinidade e o potencial de sodicidade da água, utilizada na irrigação, cuja finalidade principal é proporcionar umidade adequada para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, visando aumentar a produtividade e, conseqüentemente, reduzir os efeitos da estiagem. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Santana, sob a influência do estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e Mudas do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal-PB, em delineamento interiamente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x5, correspondente a dois lotes de sementes (não envelhecidas e envelhecidas) e cinco potenciais osmóticos da solução de embebição (0, 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8 MPa). As sementes foram postas para germinar em placas de Petri sobre duas folhas de papel de filtro umedecidas com solução salina (NaCl) nas diferentes concentrações e mantidas em germinador à temperatura de 20-30ºC...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The demand for vegetable seeds with high quality and the achievement of vigorous seedlings is increasing, because these characteristics determine the success of the production. The use of some areas such as arid and semiarid regions runs into some obstacles such as salinity and potential sodicity of water used for irrigation, whose main purpose is to provide adequate moisture for growth and development of plants in order to increase productivity and consequently, reduce the effects of drought. This study aims to assess the seed germination and vigor of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. itálica) cv. Santana, under the influence of salt stress. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Analysis of Seeds and Seedlings of the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB-Pombal, in completely randomized design, with treatments arranged in 2x5 factorial scheme, corresponding to two lots of seeds (not aged and aged) and osmotic potentials of five soaking solution (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa). Seeds were germinated in Petri dishes on two sheets of filter paper moistened with saline (NaCl) at different concentrations and maintained in germination temperature of 20-30º C and photoperiod-eight hours, after were subjected to assessment of their physiological quality through tests of germination and vigor. The presence of salts...

A demanda por sementes de hortaliças com alta qualidade e a obtenção de mudas vigorosas tem aumentado nos últimos anos, pois estas características constituem fatores determinantes do êxito da produção. O aproveitamento de algumas áreas como as de regiões áridas e semiáridas esbarra em alguns obstáculos como a salinidade e o potencial de sodicidade da água, utilizada na irrigação, cuja finalidade principal é proporcionar umidade adequada para o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas, visando aumentar a produtividade e, conseqüentemente, reduzir os efeitos da estiagem. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a germinação e o vigor de sementes de brócolis (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Santana, sob a influência do estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e Mudas do Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Pombal-PB, em delineamento interiamente casualizado, com os tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x5, correspondente a dois lotes de sementes (não envelhecidas e envelhecidas) e cinco potenciais osmóticos da solução de embebição (0, 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8 MPa). As sementes foram postas para germinar em placas de Petri sobre duas folhas de papel de filtro umedecidas com solução salina (NaCl) nas diferentes concentrações e mantidas em germinador à temperatura de 20-30ºC...

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