RESUMO
Metabolic alterations are increasingly recognized as important aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC), offering potential avenues for identifying therapeutic targets. Previous studies have demonstrated the cytotoxic potential of bamboo leaf extract obtained from Guadua incana (BLEGI) against HCT-116 colon cancer cells. However, the altered metabolic pathways in these tumor cells remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to employ an untargeted metabolomic approach to reveal the metabolic alterations of the endometabolome and exometabolome of HCT-116 cells upon exposure to BLEGI treatment. First, a chemical characterization of the BLEGI was conducted through liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Next, we assessed cell viability via MTT and morphological analysis using an immunofluorescence assay against colon cancer cells, and anti-inflammatory activity using an LPS-stimulated macrophage model. Subsequently, we employed LC-MS and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) to investigate intra- and extracellular changes. Chemical characterization primarily revealed the presence of compounds with a flavone glycoside scaffold. Immunofluorescence analysis showed condensed chromatin and subsequent formation of apoptotic bodies, suggesting cell death by apoptosis. The results of the metabolomic analysis showed 98 differential metabolites, involved in glutathione, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lipoic acid metabolism, among others. Additionally, BLEGI demonstrated significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory capacity in macrophage cells. This study enhances our understanding of BLEGI's possible mechanism of action and provides fresh insights into therapeutic targets for treating this disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Humanos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Células HCT116 , Metabolômica/métodos , Metaboloma/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células RAW 264.7 , Camundongos , Cromatografia LíquidaRESUMO
Bamboo species have traditionally been used as building material and potential source of bioactive substances, as they produce a wide variety of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and cinnamic acid derivatives that are considered biologically active. However, the effects of growth conditions such as location, altitude, climate, and soil on the metabolome of these species still need to be fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate variations in chemical composition induced by altitudinal gradient (0-3000 m) by utilizing an untargeted metabolomics approach and mapping chemical space using molecular networking analysis. We analyzed 111 samples from 12 bamboo species collected from different altitudinal ranges using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). We used multivariate and univariate statistical analyses to identify the metabolites that showed significant differences in the altitude environments. Additionally, we used the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web platform to perform chemical mapping by comparing the metabolome among the studied species and the reference spectra from its database. The results showed 89 differential metabolites between the altitudinal ranges investigated, wherein high altitude environments significantly increased the profile of flavonoids. While, low altitude environments significantly boosted the profile of cinnamic acid derivatives, particularly caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). MolNetEnhancer networks confirmed the same differential molecular families already found, revealing metabolic diversity. Overall, this study provides the first report of variations induced by altitude in the chemical profile of bamboo species. The findings may possess fascinating active biological properties, thus offering an alternative use for bamboo.
RESUMO
En el presente estudio se han analizado los hábitos de alimentación y actividad física y las creencias sobre salud y enfermedad de una muestra de 954 adolescentes de ambos sexos (promedio 12,36±2,06 años) de España (321), Colombia (401) y México (232), empleando un cuestionario sobre hábitos de salud y creencias sobre salud y enfermedad. Los resultados indican que el 58 por ciento de los participantes muestra un perfil de riesgo en alimentación, y el 62,9 por ciento presenta un perfil de riesgo en actividad física. Las comparaciones entre países indican peores perfiles de hábitos de alimentación para la muestra colombiana frente a la mexicana y la española, y peores perfiles de hábitos de actividad física para la muestra española en comparación con las de los otros países. Los resultados confirman que la adolescencia es un momento clave en la formación de las creencias sobre salud y enfermedad con el 61 por ciento de los sujetos mostrando un patrón indefinido de creencias sobre salud y el 54 por ciento un perfil indefinido de creencias sobre la enfermedad, con diferencias significativas entre las muestras de los distintos países