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El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el comportamiento mecánico de la estructura dental sana de un primer premolar inferior humano sometido a fuerzas funcionales y disfuncionales en diferentes direcciones. Se buscó comprender, bajo las variables contempladas, las zonas de concentración de esfuerzos que conllevan al daño estructural de sus constituyentes y tejidos adyacentes. Se realizó el modelo 3D de la reconstrucción de un archivo TAC de un primer premolar inferior, que incluyó esmalte, dentina, ligamento periodontal y hueso alveolar considerando tres variables: dirección, magnitud y área de la fuerza aplicada. La dirección fue dirigida en tres vectores (vertical, tangencial y horizontal) bajo cuatro magnitudes, una funcional de 35 N y tres disfuncionales de 170, 310 y 445 N, aplicadas sobre un área de la cara oclusal y/o vestibular del premolar que involucró tres contactos estabilizadores (A, B y C) y dos paradores de cierre. Los resultados obtenidos explican el fenómeno de combinar tres vectores, cuatro magnitudes y un área de aplicación de la fuerza, donde los valores de esfuerzo efectivo equivalente Von Mises muestran valores máximos a partir de los 60 MPa. Los valores de tensión máximos se localizan, bajo la carga horizontal a 170 N y en el proceso masticatorio en la zona cervical, cuando la fuerza pasa del 60 %. Sobre la base de los hallazgos de este estudio, se puede concluir que la reacción de los tejidos a fuerzas funcionales y disfuncionales varía de acuerdo con la magnitud, dirección y área de aplicación de la fuerza. Los valores de tensión resultan ser más altos bajo la aplicación de fuerzas disfuncionales tanto en magnitud como en dirección, produciendo esfuerzos tensiles significativos para la estructura dental y periodontal cervical, mientras que, bajo las cargas funcionales aplicadas en cualquier dirección, no se generan esfuerzos lesivos. Esto supone el reconocimiento del poder de detrimento estructural del diente y periodonto frente al bruxismo céntrico y excéntrico.

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanical behavior of the healthy dental structure of a human mandibular first premolar subjected to functional and dysfunctional forces in different directions. It was sought to understand, under the contemplated variables, the areas of stress concentration that lead to structural damage of its constituents and adjacent tissues. The 3D model of the reconstruction of a CT file of a lower first premolar was made, which included enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone considering three variables: direction, magnitude and area of the applied force. The direction was directed in three vectors (vertical, tangential and horizontal) under four magnitudes, one functional of 35 N and three dysfunctional of 170, 310 and 445 N, applied to an area of the occlusal and/or buccal face of the premolar that involved three stabilizing contacts (A, B and C) and two closing stops. The results obtained explain the phenomenon of combining three vectors, four magnitudes and an area of force application, where the values of effective equivalent Von Mises stress show maximum values from 60 MPa. The maximum tension values are located under the horizontal load at 170 N and in the masticatory process in the cervical area, when the force exceeds 60%. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the reaction of tissues to functional and dysfunctional forces varies according to the magnitude, direction, and area of application of the force. The stress values turn out to be higher under the application of dysfunctional forces both in magnitude and in direction, producing significant tensile stresses for the dental and cervical periodontal structure, while under functional loads applied in any direction, no damaging stresses are generated. This supposes the recognition of the power of structural detriment of the tooth and periodontium against centric and eccentric bruxism.

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Phenolic compounds that are present in pineapple by-products offer many health benefits to the consumer; however, they are unstable to many environmental factors. For this reason, encapsulation is ideal for preserving their beneficial effects. In this work, extracts were obtained by the combined method of solid-state fermentation with Rhizopus oryzae and ultrasound. After this process, the encapsulation process was performed by ionotropic gelation using corn starch, sodium alginate, and Weissella confusa exopolysaccharide as wall material. The encapsulates produced presented a moisture content between 7.10 and 10.45% (w.b), a solubility of 53.06 ± 0.54%, and a wettability of 31.46 ± 2.02 s. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity of DPPH, and ABTS of the encapsulates were also determined, finding 232.55 ± 2.07 mg GAE/g d.m for TPC, 45.64 ± 0.9 µm Trolox/mg GAE for DPPH, and 51.69 ± 1.08 µm Trolox/mg GAE for ABTS. Additionally, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis allowed us to identify and quantify six bioactive compounds: rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin. According to the above, using ionotropic gelation, it was possible to obtain microencapsulates containing bioactive compounds from pineapple peel extracts, which may have applications in the development of functional foods.

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La brucelosis es considerada como una de las enfermedades infecciosas más importantes enColombia y el mundo por sus implicaciones en la salud pública, y sus repercusiones productivas en el ámbito pecuario, dejando grandes pérdidas a la economía nacional. Considerando que existe poca información sobre su prevalencia en el ámbito regional, en el transcurso de los años 2001-2002 se realizó un estudio sobre la prevalencia de la brucelosis bovina, equina y humana (personal con alto riesgo de infección) en el departamento de Caldas. Para el desarrollo del trabajo se utilizaron como pruebas diagnósticas, las técnicas rosa de Bengala y ELISA Indirecta; además se realizaron pruebas confirmatorias como ELISA competitiva y fijación de complemento para los equinos. Los resultados obtenidos en 2.434 muestras de bovinos mostraron una baja incidencia para brucelosis (0,6%), que correspondió a 15 animales hembras, distribuida en las cuatro zonas del departamento de la siguiente manera: oriente 0,24% (6 bovinos: 3 de La Dorada y 3 de la Victoria); centro-sur 0,16% (4 bovinos: 2 de Manizales, 1 de Belacázar y 1 de Villamaría); norte 0,12% (3 bovinos: 1 de Neira, 1 de Aranzazu y 1 de Salamina) y occidente 0,08% (2 bovinos, ambos en Risaralda), encontrándose animales positivos en rangos de edad de 18 a 90 meses. No se hallaron equinos reactores positivos utilizando las pruebas confirmatorias. Los resultados obtenidos en 676 muestras de humanos, arrojaron una baja prevalencia (0,14%), correspondiente a un matarife, con síntomas compatibles para brucelosis. La técnica rosa de Bengala aumentó la sensibilidad al agregar el doble de la cantidad de suero con respecto al antígeno Rosa de Bengala.

Brucellosis is considered one of the most important infectious diseases in Colombia and the world due to its implications in public health, and its productive consequences in the livestock field that is producing big losses in the economy of the country. Since there is limited information on Brucellosis in Caldas, in 2001-2002 a prevalence study on bovine, equine and human (high risk personnel) Brucellosis was carried out in the department of Caldas. For the development of the research the following diagnostic tests were used: Bengal Rose Test, indirect ELISA, as well as confirmatory tests, such as competitive ELISA and Complement Fixation, for the horses. The results obtained in 2,434 bovine samples shown a low incidence of Brucellosis (0.6%), corresponding to 15 females, distributed in the four zones of the department as follows: east zone with 0.24% (3 in La Dorada and 3 in La Victoria); central-south zone with 0.16% (2 in Manizales, 1 in Belalcazar and 1 in Villamaría); north zone with 0.12% (1 in Neira, 1 in Aranzazu and 1 in Salamina); and west zone with 0.08% (2 in Risaralda). The animals that tested positive were between 18 to 90 months of age. No equine reactors tested positive with the confirmatory test. The results obtained in 676 human samples showed a low prevalence (0.14%), corresponding to a slaugtherman with symptoms associated with Brucellosis. The Bengal Rose Test increased the sensibility when adding twice as much serum, regarding the Bengal Rose antigen.

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OBJECTIVE: to analyze the prevalence of depressive syndrome and cognitive impairment in elderly non-institutionalized women in Cali (Colombia). MATERIAL AND METHODS: we performed a cross-sectional descriptive study. The Yesavage depression scale (15-item version) and the Pfeiffer test were applied. A total of 416 women over the age of 60 years old living in the city of Cali and attending distinct health centres were chosen during the first semester of 2004, using non-probabilistic sampling. The association of sociodemographic and clinical variables with cognitive impairment was evaluated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: the prevalence of depression was 19.95% (95% CI, 15.99-23.91%) and that of cognitive deterioration was 2.64% (95% CI, 0.98-4.31%). No predictive factors were found in the multivariate analysis, although a higher risk of cognitive deterioration was observed in women with depression (OR = 3.171; 95% CI, 0.833-12.081%). Among the oldest women (OR = 5.979; 95% CI, 0.990-36.131%), higher income seemed to be a protective factor (OR = 0.160; 95% CI, 0.018-1.446%). CONCLUSIONS: a moderate prevalence of depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment was found in non-institutionalized elderly women. The prevalence of these disorders should be determined in each health centre. This would enable intervention programs aimed at improving quality of life in these women to be designed and would help to reduce the factors causing depression and cognitive impairment.

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