RESUMO
This study aimed to identify the CD24 and CD44 immunophenotypes within invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) subgroups defined by immunohistochesmistry markers and to determine its influence on prognosis as well as its association with the expression of Ki-67, cytokeratins (CK5 and CK18) and claudin-7. Immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD24 alone or in combination was investigated in 95 IDC cases arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA). The association with subgroups defined as luminal A and B; HER2 rich and triple negative, or with the other markers and prognosis was analyzed. CD44+/CD24- and CD44-/CD24+ were respectively present in 8.4% and 16.8% of the tumors, a lack of both proteins was detected in 6.3%, while CD44+/CD24+ was observed in 45.3% of the tumors. Although there was no significant correlation between subgroups and different phenotypes, the CD44+/CD24- phenotype was more common in the basal subgroups but absent in HER2 tumors, whereas luminal tumors are enriched in CD44-/CD24+ and CD44+/CD24+ cells. The frequency of CD44+/CD24- or CD44-/CD24+ was not associated with clinical characteristics or biological markers. There was also no significant association of these phenotypes with the event free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Single CD44+ was evident in 57.9% of the tumors and was marginally associated to grading and not to any other tumor characteristics as well as OS and DFS. CD24+ was positive in 74.7% of the tumors, showing a significant association with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and Ki-67 and a marginal association with CK18 and claudin-7. Expression of claudin-7 and Ki-67 did not associate with the cancer subgroups, while a positive association between CK18 and the luminal subgroups was found (P=0.03). CK5, CK18 and Ki-67 expression had no influence in OS or DFS. Single CD24+ (P=0.07) and claudin-7 positivity (P=0.05) were associated with reduced time of recurrence, suggesting a contribution of these markers to aggressiveness of breast cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Antígeno CD24/biossíntese , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Claudinas/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Antígeno CD24/análise , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/mortalidade , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patologia , Claudinas/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuronatos/análise , Receptores de Hialuronatos/biossíntese , Imuno-Histoquímica , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Antígeno Ki-67/biossíntese , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Prognóstico , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
We have retrospectively analyzed a series of 155 sequential cases of T1N0M0 ductal carcinomas of which 51 tumors had a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component for correlation between the presence of DCIS and clinicopathological variables, recurrence and patient survival. No correlations between the presence of DCIS and age, menopausal status, size, estrogen or progesterone receptors were found. High-grade infiltrative tumors tended not to present a DCIS component (P = 0.08). Patients with tumors associated with DCIS form a subgroup with few recurrences (P = 0.003) and good survival (P = 0.008). When tumors were classified by size, an association between large tumors (>1.0 cm) and increased recurrence and shortened overall survival was found. The presence of DCIS in this subgroup significantly reduced the relative risk of death.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalos de Confiança , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
We have retrospectively analyzed a series of 155 sequential cases of T1N0M0 ductal carcinomas of which 51 tumors had a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component for correlation between the presence of DCIS and clinicopathological variables, recurrence and patient survival. No correlations between the presence of DCIS and age, menopausal status, size, estrogen or progesterone receptors were found. High-grade infiltrative tumors tended not to present a DCIS component (P = 0.08). Patients with tumors associated with DCIS form a subgroup with few recurrences (P = 0.003) and good survival (P = 0.008). When tumors were classified by size, an association between large tumors (>1.0 cm) and increased recurrence and shortened overall survival was found. The presence of DCIS in this subgroup significantly reduced the relative risk of death
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante , Intervalos de Confiança , Invasividade Neoplásica , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Lipid emulsions (LE) for parenteral use are complex emulsions containing fatty acids, glycerol, phospholipids and tocopherol in variable amounts and concentrations. In clinical practice, LE have been employed for more than 30 years. Fatty acids may have different impacts on phagocytic cells according to their structure. Experimental and clinical studies have consistently shown that LE modify monocyte/macrophage and polymorphonuclear phagocytosis. The inhibitory effect of LE on the functional activity of the phagocytic system, although still clinically controversial, may have a harmful impact because total parenteral nutrition with lipids may be recommended in hypercatabolic conditions where inflammation and infection are present. LE based on triglycerides containing long chain fatty acids (termed long chain triglycerides or LCT) are the main parenteral fat source and are typically rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. They may have adverse effects on the immune system, especially when given in high doses over a short period of time. However when administered properly they can be used safely. LE containing medium chain triglycerides (MCT) may have some advantages because of their positive effects on polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages, and cytokine production, particularly in critically ill or immunocompromised patients. New parenteral LE containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or monounsaturated olive oil are already available in Europe. Judicious use of these new LE is mandatory especially relating on their potential impact on the immune system. New experimental and clinical studies are required to further establish the role of LE in clinical nutrition.
Assuntos
Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/farmacologia , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Humanos , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of parenteral lipid emulsions (LE) enriched with n-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) in experimental acute colitis. Seventy-four adult male Wistar rats were randomized into six groups, five of which had acetic acid-induced colitis. The animals received a fat-free diet and water ad libitum in individual metabolic cages. By a central venous catheter, saline was infused (0.5 ml/h) into the control groups CS (without colitis) and CC (with colitis), while the test groups received specific LE for 7 days. The n-3/n-6 FA ratio and the lipidic compositions regarding long chain (LCT) and medium chain (MCT) triglycerides were: group L--1:7.7 (LCT, n = 12), M--1:7.0 (MCT and LCT, n = 12), LW-3--1:4.5 (LCT plus n-3 FA, n = 12) and MW-3--1:3.0 (MCT and LCT plus n-3 FA, n = 13). The frequency of diarrhea, oral intake/body weight ratio, intestinal alterations, macrophage cellularity were evaluated and colonic concentrations of leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4), prostaglandins (PGE2) and thromboxanes (TXB2) were measured. Groups M, MW-3 and LW-3 had less diarrhea than the CC group (P<0.05). Average oral intake/body weight ratio in MW-3 animals was comparable to the CS and better than the CC group. n-3 FA treated rats (LW-3 and MW-3) presented less intestinal inflammatory alterations than CC rats. Mucosal ulcer formation in MW-3 group did not differ from CS rats. M and MW-3 rats had less macrophages in the colon than the CC group. Compared with CC group, lower concentrations of LTB4 in the CS, LW-3 and MW-3 groups; of PGE2 in the CS, M and MW-3 groups; and of TXB2 in the CS and MW-3 groups were found. Mean concentrations of LTC4 did not differ among the groups. Thus, a LCT-containing LE with a low n-3-n-6 ratio does not modify inflammatory colitis manifestations; LE with a high n-3-n-6 ratio reduces diarrhea, preserves oral intake-weight ratio, attenuates morphological consequences and decreases colonic concentrations of inflammatory mediators; MCT/LCT-containing LE with 1:3 n-3-n-6 ratio exerts the most profound beneficial impact on the inflammatory response.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Nutrição Parenteral/métodos , Doença Aguda , Animais , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colo/patologia , Eicosanoides/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
There are few data evaluating biological markers for men with breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the expression of the oncogenes c-erbB-2 and c-myc and of the suppressor gene p53 by immunohistochemical techniques in archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 48 male breast cancer patients, treated at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The results were compared with clinicopathological prognostic features. Immunopositivity of c-erbB-2, p53 and c-myc was detected in 62.5, 16.7 and 20.8% of the cases analyzed, respectively. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive in 75 and 69% of the cases, respectively. Increasing staging was statistically associated with c-erbB-2 (P = 0.04) and weakly related to p53 positivity (P = 0.06). No significant correlation between specific survival rate (determined by the log rank test) and the molecular markers analyzed was found, whereas the number of compromised lymph nodes and advanced TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging were associated with diminished survival.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/metabolismo , Genes p53 , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/biossíntese , Receptor ErbB-2/biossíntese , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
There are few data evaluating biological markers for men with breast cancer. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the expression of the oncogenes c-erbB-2 and c-myc and of the suppressor gene p53 by immunohistochemical techniques in archival paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 48 male breast cancer patients, treated at the A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, Säo Paulo, SP, Brazil. The results were compared with clinicopathological prognostic features. Immunopositivity of c-erbB-2, p53 and c-myc was detected in 62.5, 16.7 and 20.8 percent of the cases analyzed, respectively. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive in 75 and 69 percent of the cases, respectively. Increasing staging was statistically associated with c-erbB-2 (P = 0.04) and weakly related to p53 positivity (P = 0.06). No significant correlation between specific survival rate (determined by the log rank test) and the molecular markers analyzed was found, whereas the number of compromised lymph nodes and advanced TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging were associated with diminished survival
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/biossíntese , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/metabolismo , Genes p53 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/biossíntese , Receptor ErbB-2/biossíntese , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Neoplasias da Mama Masculina/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze risk factors for neck metastases in patients with parotid carcinomas. DESIGN: Cohort of patients followed up from 1 to 366.2 months at a single institution. SETTING: Referral center, private or institutional practice, hospitalized care. PATIENTS: A total of 145 patients with parotid carcinomas with complete clinical and pathological information. The histological diagnosis was reviewed according to the World Health Organization classification for salivary gland tumors. INTERVENTION: Patients were treated by surgery alone (62 cases) or with postoperative radiotherapy (83 cases). A neck dissection was performed in 80 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Rates of neck lymph node metastasis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using logistic regression evaluating the significance of demographic, clinical, and pathological data. RESULTS: The following variables were significantly associated to the risk of lymph node metastasis by univariate analysis: histological type (P<.001), T stage (P<.001), desmoplasia (P = .001), facial palsy (P = .02), perineural invasion (P = .01), extraparotid tumor extension (P = .02), and necrosis (P = .003). By multivariate analysis, histological type (P<.001), T stage (P = .03), and desmoplasia (P = .006) had the highest correlation with lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: The significant risk factors for neck metastasis in parotid carcinoma were histological type (ie, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and salivary duct carcinoma), T stage (T3 and T4), and desmoplasia (severe).
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/secundário , Neoplasias Parotídeas/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/radioterapia , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Parotídeas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Parotídeas/cirurgia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The p53 protein plays an important role in the control of the cell cycle and DNA repair. Mutations in the TP53 gene may be a prognostic factor for certain forms of human cancer, with specific mutation sites being associated with significantly worse prognosis, particularly for colorectal and breast cancer. Thus, standardization of accurate, rapid, and cost-effective techniques for the detection of TP53 mutations is a high priority. At present, the only widely available technology that reliably detects and defines all mutations is DNA sequencing. However, the routine sequencing of the entire TP53 gene in all breast and colorectal cancer cases in hospital laboratories is prohibitively costly, complex, and time consuming. In order for the analytical power of DNA to be accessed by the routine laboratory, initial screening using immunohistochemistry, which is widely used as a test for detection of accumulated, mutated protein, followed by heteroduplex analysis of exons 4 to 9 to detect frameshift mutations in immunohistochemistry-negative cases, is proposed. To illustrate the effectiveness of this approach, 28 cases of head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas that were known to contain TP53 mutations were retrospectively analyzed. All missense mutations stained positive on immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody DO7, and all insertions and deletions, even those involving a single nucleotide, were positive using an extremely simple heteroduplex analysis. Only rare nonsense mutations were not detected by this strategy. Nevertheless, application of these results to published data suggests that the prescreening would detect 80% of mutations but would result in a 75% reduction in the sequencing load of the laboratory.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Genes p53 , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Mutação Puntual , Anticorpos Monoclonais/análise , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/química , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Análise Mutacional de DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/química , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Análise Heteroduplex , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Prognóstico , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análiseRESUMO
Lipid emulsions provided with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have been associated with mononuclear phagocytic system functional changes. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of TPN with added lipid emulsions on macrophage (M phi) phagocytosis. Wistar rats (n = 70) with external jugular vein cannulation were randomized into seven groups. The rats received an oral diet or six different isocaloric (1.16 kcal/mL), isonitrogenous (1.5 g/mL), and isolipidic (30% non-protein calories) TPN regimens: (a) an oral diet with intravenous infusion of saline (OS); (b) non-lipid TPN (glucose); (c) TPN with 10% long chain triacylglycerol emulsions (LCT); (d) TPN with 90% LCT and 10% fish oil (FO) emulsion; (e) TPN with 50% LCT and 50% FO; (f) TPN with 10% lipid emulsion with 50% medium chain triacylglycerol (MCT) and 50% LCT; and (g) TPN with 45% MCT, 45% LCT, and 10% FO. After 96 h of TPN or saline infusion, colloidal carbon (Pelikan, Germany) was injected intravenously at 1.0 mL/kg body weight, and the rats were killed after 3 h. Liver, spleen, and lung were weighed and prepared by immunohistochemistry analyses with the HAM-56 anti-M phi antibody. Under light microscopy, the total M phi number (MT) and the colloidal carbon phagocytic M phi number (MP) were established, and the phagocytic index was calculated as MP/MT x 100. There were no statistical (P < 0.05) differences in liver, spleen, or lung weights among the seven groups in comparison with the OS group. Non-lipid TPN inhibited spleen and lung M phi phagocytosis when compared with the OS and lipid-TPN groups. Lipid TPN supplemented with fish oil emulsion increased total liver and lung M phi number and phagocytosis. These results indicate that TPN supplemented with fish oil increases M phi phagocytosis in rats.
Assuntos
Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/efeitos adversos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Fagocitose , Animais , Peso Corporal , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Fígado/anatomia & histologia , Pulmão/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Triglicerídeos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
We investigated the potential mechanisms of tamoxifen cytotoxicity in the U-373, U-138, and U-87 human glioblastoma cell lines, namely interference with protein kinase C (PKC) activity, the oestrogen receptor, and/or the production of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). We further examined the effects of tamoxifen on the cytotoxicity exerted by gamma-radiation, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and etoposide in this cell line panel. Thus, the cells were treated for 4 days with tamoxifen, gamma-radiation, purified recombinant human TGF-beta 1 (rhTGF-beta 1), BCNU, or etoposide, either alone or at certain combinations. Cellular responses were evaluated with the sulphorhodamine B assay, as well as by multiple drug effect analysis, and related to PKC activities in particulate and cellular fractions; cellular oestrogen receptor contents; and the influence of rhTGF-beta 1 on cell growth. Tamoxifen inhibited cell proliferation as well as the phosphorylation capacity of the particulate, but not of the cytosolic fractions dose-dependently, at comparable kinetics, and at IC50 values of approximately 15 microM. At these concentrations, tamoxifen acted synergistically with gamma-radiation (4- to 6-fold) and additively with BCNU (approximately 2-fold), but did not affect etoposide cytotoxicity. The cells were negative to immunostaining for the oestrogen receptor, and rhRGF-beta 1 did not influence their growth up to 100 nm. Our data suggest that tamoxifen can sensitise cultured glioblastoma cells not to etoposide but to gamma-radiation and BCNU, possibly through interference with membrane PKC, supporting its evaluation in experimental protocols for primary malignant gliomas.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Carmustina/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Raios gama , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína Quinase C/antagonistas & inibidores , Tamoxifeno/uso terapêutico , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/farmacologia , Divisão Celular , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: The theory of field cancerization in tumors of the head and neck reflects the complex oncogenesis that occurs in this region. The mechanisms that control cell proliferation at the molecular level in epidermoid carcinomas (ECs) of the upper aerodigestive tract are still unclear. Mutations in p53 are the genetic alterations most often detected in ECs of the head and neck and seem to contribute actively to the carcinogenic process triggered by p53 as a tumor-suppressor gene and to its association with tobacco. The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of p53 protein in epidermoid head and neck carcinomas by immunohistochemistry and its immunohistochemical correlation with other prognostic factors. The study was conducted on 63 consecutive ECs cases not submitted to previous treatment. Specimens of the tumor and of the normal adjacent mucosa were collected during surgery and submitted to immunohistochemical reaction for the determination of the expression of anti-protein p53 antibody (M7001 DAKO A/S, Denmark). Anatomo-clinical and demographic data were not significantly correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases or p53 expression in the tumor or in the adjacent normal mucosa. Tumor localization in the larynx was significantly correlated with p53 expression. Histological grading as grades I, II, III and IV was correlated with significant p53 expression (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: 1) in the studied material obtained from 63 cases of head and neck ECs, we detected a 48 percent rate of immunohistochemically detectable p53 overexpression; 2) we did not detect a relationship between demographic patient data and p53 expression in the tumor or in the normal adjacent mucosa; 3) p53 overexpression was significantly more frequent in ECs material from the larynx: and 4) The presence of 12 cases with p53 overexpression in the normal adjacent mucosa and with a p53-negative tumor is in agreement with the theory of field cancerization. Follow-up of this patient series for a longer period of time will permit a better analysis of these values.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes p53/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/biossíntese , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , PrognósticoRESUMO
Fat lipid emulsions in Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) have been associated to Mononuclear Phagocytary System (MPS) changes. Intravenous lipid emulsions may alter macrophage membrane composition but there are controversies about their effects on MPS function. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the influence of fat free TPN and fat emulsions TPN on the macrophage phagocytosis. Wistar rats (70) with external jugular vein canulation were divided in seven groups. The rats received, intravenously (i.v.) different isocaloric (1.16 kcal/mL), isonitrogenous (1.5 g/mL), and isolipidic (30 to 32% of non-proteic caloric value) TPN regimens or oral diet: 1) Group OS: oral diet with i.v. infusion of saline; 2) Group GLU: fat-free TPN; 3) Group LCT: TPN with 10% long chain triglecide emulsion (TCL); 6) Group MCT: TPN with 10% lipid emulsion with medium chain triglycerides (TCM-50%) and TCL (50%). After 96 hours of TPN or saline infusion, colloidal carbon was i.v. injected at 1.0 mL/kg body weight. The rats were sacrificed after three hours. Liver, spleen and lung were weighted and studied by immunohistochemistry by the avidine-biotine method. Under light microscopy the total macrophage number (MT) and colloidal carbon phagocytic macrophages number (MF) were established. Phagocytic index was MT/MF x 100. The results were statistically analysed (p < 0.05). The group under oral diet (OS) was the only one to gain weight. There were no differences in organ weight in any group. There were changes in MT, MF and phagocytic index in all TPN groups. Fat free TPN inhibited liver, spleen and lung macrophage phagocytosis. Fat TPN with TCL inhibited liver and lung macrophage phagocytosis. At conclusion fat free TPN or with long chain tryglicerides may inhibit MPS phagocytosis. Further studies are necessary to estabilish the effect of TPN on other MPS function.
Assuntos
Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/farmacologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nutrição Parenteral Total , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/efeitos adversos , Glucose/farmacologia , Hiperglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Lipídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Biopsies from 25 juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) and respective normal inferior turbinates were examined and compared. The expression patterns of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for various growth factors possibly involved in the growth of mesenchymal cells, as well as angiogenesis and fibrosis, were also compared. These growth factors included insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factors-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF-A and PDGF-B). Quantification of mRNA coding for proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes related to proliferation (i.e., c-myc, c-fos, p53) was also undertaken. Tumor and turbinates expressed similar levels of bFGF, VEGF, TGF-beta1, c-myc, c-fos, and PDGF-A mRNAs. The presence of TGF-beta1 protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in several structures that characterize the lesions of JNA, which suggests that TGF-beta1 may play a role in the development of the fibrous component of this tumor. PDGF-B and p53 were overexpressed (i.e., twice the mean level found in turbinates) in 50% and 32% of JNAs, respectively but there was no statistical significance when compared with controls. Statistically significant increased expression of IGF-II mRNA was observed in JNA (P = .04). IGF-II mRNA levels were correlated to p53 (P = .05) and PDGF-B (P = .034), indicating a possible synergistic action of such factors in JNA. The results of this study suggest that IGF-II might be a potential growth regulator of nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.