RESUMO
The aim was to investigate inter-tester and intra-tester reliability and parallel reliability between a visual assessment method and a method using a pachymeter for locating the mid-point of the patella in determining the medial/lateral patella orientation. Fifteen asymptomatic subjects were assessed and the mid-point of the patella was determined by both methods on two separate occasions two weeks apart. Inter-tester reliability was obtained by ANOVA and by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); intra-tester reliability was obtained by a paired t-test and ICC; and parallel reliability was obtained by Pearson's Correlation and ICC, for the measurement on the first and second evaluations. There was acceptable inter-tester agreement (p=0.490) and reliability for the visual inspection (ICC=0.747) and for the pachymeter (ICC=0.716) at the second evaluation. The inter-tester reliability in the first evaluation was unacceptable (visual ICC=0.604; pachymeter ICC=0.612). Although there was statistical similarity between measurements for the first and second evaluations for all testers, intra-tester reliability was not acceptable for both methods: visual (examiner 1 ICC=0.175; examiner 2 ICC=0.189; examiner 3 ICC=0.155) and pachymeter (examiner 1 ICC=0.214; examiner 2 ICC=0.246; examiner 3 ICC=0.069). Parallel reliability gave a perfect correlation at the first evaluation (r=0.828; p<0.001) and at the second (r=0.756; p<0.001) and reliability was between acceptable and very good (ICC=[0.748-0.813]). Both visual and pachymeter methods provide reliable and similar medial/lateral patella orientation and are reliable between different examiners, but the results between the two assessments at 2 weeks' interval demonstrated an unacceptable reliability.
Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Equipamentos e Provisões/estatística & dados numéricos , Articulação do Joelho/anatomia & histologia , Patela/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Especialidade de Fisioterapia/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In view of the known interactions between pineal and adrenal glands and the importance of glucocorticoids on the acute phase of inflammatory process, we investigated the effect of the pineal gland on the paw edema response induced by carrageenin in female Wistar rats, weighing 170-220 g, measured by the pletysmographic method. Adrenalectomy increased the rate of the inflammatory response (149.02 +/- 2.93%, N = 7 vs 113.48 +/- 2.99%, N = 7) whereas pinealectomy and sham-pinealectomy under white light had an inhibitory effect (81.73 +/- 2.16%, N = 15 and 80.21 +/- 1.85%, N = 14 vs 113.48 +/- 2.99%, N = 7). Sham-pinealectomy under red light did not modify the rate of the inflammatory response. These results indicate that the pineal gland can be affected by light during sham-pinealectomy. In view of the unaltered adrenal gland weight and corticosterone levels among the different groups, we propose an antagonism between melatonin (pineal hormone) and glucocorticoids at the peripheral level. The predominant effect of glucocorticoids over melatonin may explain the inhibition of the inflammatory response caused by pinealectomy.
Assuntos
Reação de Fase Aguda/etiologia , Adrenalectomia , Luz , Glândula Pineal/cirurgia , Animais , Carragenina , Corticosterona/sangue , Feminino , Melatonina/biossíntese , Melatonina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
In view nof the known interactions between pineal and adrenal glands and the importance of glucocorticoids on the acute phase of the inflammatory process, we investigated the effect of the pineal gland on the paw edema response induced by carrageenin in female Wistar rats, weighing 170-220 g, measured by the pletysmographic method. Adrenalectomy increased the rate of the inflammatory response (149.02 ñ 2.93%, N=7 vs 113.48 ñ 2.99%, N=7) whereas pinealectomy and sham-pinealectomy under white light had an inhibitory effect (81.73 ñ 2.16%, N=15 and 80.21 ñ 1.85%, N=14 vs 113.48 ñ 2.99%, N=7). Sham-pinealectomy under red light did not modify the rate of the inflammatory response. These results indicate that the pineal gland can be affected by light during sham-pinealectomy. In view of the unaltered adrenal gland weight and corticosterone levels among the different groups, we propose an antagonism between melatonin (pineal hormone) and glucocorticoids at the peripheral level. The predominant effect of glucocorticoids over melatonin may explain the inhibition of the inflammatory response caused by pinealectomy