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1.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 15(2): 65-75, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567339

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Comparar la efectividad de la terapia robótica Armeo spring (AS) con la Terapia Ocupacional (TO) para mejorar la funcionalidad de extremidad superior de niños/as entre 4-10 años con Parálisis cerebral (PC) unilateral e inyectados intramuscularmente con toxina botulínica tipo A en Instituto Teletón Concepción-Chile. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorio de grupos paralelos AS y TO con una muestra de veinte niños clasificados con MACS I, II, III (10 paciente por grupo). Se realizaron 15 sesiones de tratamien­to, 3 veces/semana. Se aplicó escala QUEST y ABILHAND-kids, en tiempos basal, post intervención y seguimiento a 6 meses por Terapeuta Ocupacional que desconocía la asignación de los grupos. RESULTADOS: No hay diferencias significativas en subdimensiones y puntaje total QUEST en ambos grupos. En grupo TO se observan diferencias entre los tiempos T1 y T3 en las subdimen­siones movimiento disociado, agarre, carga de peso y puntaje total QUEST; y entre los tiempos T2 y T3 para movimiento disociado, carga de peso y puntaje total QUEST. En el grupo AS hubo diferencias entre T1 y T2 en movimiento disociado y puntaje total QUEST, y entre el T1 y T3 en puntaje disociado. En ABILHAND-kids no hay diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos y sólo en el grupo AS hay diferencias significativas entre los tiempos T1-T3 y T2-T3. DISCUSIÓN: La terapia robótica AS y la TO logran mejorar la funcionalidad de extremidad superior en niños con PC unilateral, no encontrándose diferencias entre ambos grupos.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the robotic therapy Armeo spring (AS) in comparison with Occupational Therapy (OT) to improve the functio-nality of the upper limb of children between 4-10 years of age with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and injected with botulinum toxin type A in Instituto Teletón Concepción-Chile. PATIENTES AND METHODS: Randomised controlled clinical trial of parallel groups: conventional AS and OT. Twenty-three children classified with MACS I, II, III were randomised, twenty being analysed, corresponding to those who finished the intervention (10 from each group). Fifteen treatment sessions were carried out, three times per week. QUEST and ABILHAND-kids tests were applied at baseline (T1), post intervention (T2) and six-month follow-up (T3) by an Occupational Therapist who was unaware of the group assignment. RESULTS:In both groups there are no significant differences in their subdimensions and total QUEST score, however in the OT group differences are observed between T1-T3 in the subdimensions dissociated movement, grip, weight bearing and total QUEST score. There are also differences between T2-T3 for dissociated movement, weight bearing, and total QUEST score. In the AS group there were differences between T1 - T2 in dissociated movement and total QUEST score, and between T1-T3 only in dissociated movement. In ABILHAND-kids, there were no differences between both groups, only in AS group, there were only significant differences in evaluation in T1-T3 and T2 -T3. DISCUSSION: AS and OT robotic therapy can improve upper limb functionality in children with unilateral CP, not finding differences between both groups.

2.
Rehabil. integral (Impr.) ; 15(2): 76-85, 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567342

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las personas con Parálisis Cerebral (PC) presentan limitaciones de la función asociadas a espasticidad (85 a 90 %). Dentro de los tratamientos anti-espásticos conocidos, la toxina botulínica tipo A (TBA) destaca por su amplio uso clínico, no obstante, las recomendaciones de uso, dosificación y selección de músculos a infiltrar son múltiples. OBJETIVO: Actualizar y conso­lidar el conocimiento del uso de TBA en pacientes con PC y espasticidad, en relación a objetivos terapéuticos de su uso, tipo de TBA utilizada, dosis reco­mendadas, dilución, músculos a infiltrar, pautas de evaluación y tratamientos coadyuvantes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos referentes a TBA y PC en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase y Web of Science extrayendo la información que respondiera al objetivo del estudio. RESULTADOS: Existen diferentes recomendaciones de uso de TBA de acuerdo al nivel funcional del paciente con PC, relacionadas con objetivos de uso, músculos a infiltrar y dosis aconsejada. Se recomienda el uso combinado de TBA con terapias de rehabi­litación. Existe evidencia de la seguridad del uso de TBA en la población con PC, sin embargo, investigaciones en modelos animales muestran osteopenia y atrofia muscular por denervación. CONCLUSIONES: La terapia con TBA se considera un tratamiento seguro y eficaz para tratar la espasticidad en PC. La decisión de tratar la espasticidad con TBA es fundamentalmente clínica y se recomienda su uso basado en la alteración de patrones motores funcionales más que en la evaluación de los músculos individuales.


BACKGROUND: People with Cerebral Palsy (CP) present functional impair-ments associated with spasticity (85 a 90 %); Botulinum toxin type A (TBA) stands out among the anti-spastic treatments due to its wide clinical use, however, its recommendations for use, dosage, and selection of muscles to infiltrate are varied. OBJECTIVE: To update and consolidate the knowledge of the use of TBA in patients with CP and spasticity, with respect to therapeutic objectives of use, type of TBA used, recommended dose, dilution, muscles to be infiltrated, assessment guidelines and adjunctive treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review of the literature. A search for scientific articles referring to TBA and PC was carried out in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases, extracting the information that res-ponded to the objective of the study. RESULTS: There are differences in the recommendations for the use of TBA according to the functional level of the patient with CP, in relation with objectives for use, muscles to be infiltrated, and the optimal dose. The combined use of TBA with rehabilitation therapies is recommended. There is evidence of the safety of the use of TBA in the po-pulation with CP, however, research in animal models shows osteopenia and muscle atrophy due to denervation. CONCLUSIONS: TBA therapy is considered a safe and effective treatment to treat spasticity in CP. The decision to treat spasticity with TBA is fundamentally clinical and its use is recommended based mainly on the alteration of functional motor patterns rather than on the evaluation of individual muscles

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