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Background: The study explored the prognostic value of caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) in stage II and III gastric cancer. Methods: This study evaluated the expression level of CDX2 in gastric cancer in a hospital cohort (n=197) using immunohistochemistry. According to a semiquantitative score used to determine CDX2 expression, the cases were divided into a low CDX2 group (116 cases) and a high CDX2 group (81 cases). The RNA-seq expression data from 291 patients with stage II and III gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were used to verify the immunohistochemistry results. Based on the median CDX2 expression value, the TCGA patients were divided into a low CDX2 group (145 cases) and a high CDX2 group (146 cases). The relationships among CDX2 expression and clinicopathological features were determined using the Chi-square test. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate the independent prognostic factors. The probability of survival was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank tests. Results: Based on the Cox multivariate analysis, CDX2 was the independent prognostic factor in the hospital and TCGA cohorts. In the hospital cohort, CDX2 expression was associated with an improved DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.4076, 95% CI, 0.2675-0.6210, P = 0.0001) and OS (HR = 0.4183, 95% CI, 0.2744-0.6375, P = 0.0002). In the TCGA cohort, CDX2 expression also was associated with an improved DFS (HR = 0.5948, 95% CI, 0.4153-0.8521, P = 0.0054) and OS (HR = 0.5976, 95% CI, 0.4172-0.8561, P = 0.0058). Furthermore, the CDX2 expression level was correlated with an improved DFS (P = 0.0025) and OS (P = 0.0015) using the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database for gastric cancer. Conclusion: CDX2 is a potential prognostic biomarker for stage II and III gastric cancer. In addition, CDX2 positive cancer patients are more likely to have resectable tumors and exhibit better survival rates.

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Ni-rich single-crystalline layered cathodes have garnered significant attention due to their high energy density and thermal stability. However, they experience severe capacity degradation caused by lattice strain and interfacial side reactions during practical applications. In this study, an effective yttrium modification method is employed to stabilize the structure of Ni-rich single-crystalline LiNi0.83Mn0.05Co0.12O2 (SC-NMC83) to solve these issues. This innovative approach successfully immobilizes oxygen within the material, preventing crack formation while simultaneously broadening the diffusion path of Li+. The yttrium-modified sample (SC-NMC83-Y) exhibits a superior capacity retention compared to the SC-NMC83 sample, with values of 90% and 76.1% after 100 cycles, respectively. This work demonstrates the promising potential of a doping strategy for Ni-rich single-crystalline cathodes and paves a pathway for its practical implementation, such as all-solid-state batteries.

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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to thoroughly investigate the clinical value of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) in patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specifically, we aimed to determine its association with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the progression of liver fibrosis. METHODS: The study included 393 patients diagnosed with NAFLD after liver biopsy. The patients were divided into two distinct cohorts: a training cohort (N = 320) and a validation cohort (N = 73). The training cohort was further divided into four groups based on TyG-BMI quartiles. The clinical characteristics of the patients in each group were compared in detail, and the association between TyG-BMI and NASH, NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) ≥ 4, at-risk NASH, significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis was analyzed using multiple models. Additionally, we generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to evaluate the predictive ability of TyG-BMI for NASH and fibrosis staging in patients with NAFLD. RESULTS: Patients with higher TyG-BMI values had a significantly higher prevalence of NASH, NAS ≥ 4, at-risk NASH, significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis (all p < .05). TyG-BMI was an independent predictor of these diseases in both unadjusted and adjusted models (all p < .05). ROC curve analysis further revealed the excellent performance of TyG-BMI in predicting NASH, NAS ≥ 4, at-risk NASH, significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The validation cohort yielded analogous results. Furthermore, we constructed three multivariate models of TyG-BMI in conjunction with elastography metrics, which demonstrated elevated diagnostic AUC values of 0.782, 0.792, 0.794, 0.785, 0.834, and 0.845, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirms a significant association between insulin resistance and NAFLD, including at-risk NASH and fibrosis staging, as assessed using the TyG-BMI index. TyG-BMI and its associated multivariate models can be valuable noninvasive indicators for NAFLD diagnosis, risk stratification, and disease course monitoring.

Assuntos

Índice de Massa Corporal , Cirrose Hepática , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/sangue , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Glicemia/análise , Curva ROC , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fígado/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Biópsia , Estudos Retrospectivos

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Defect engineering is an effective strategy for regulating the electrocatalysis of nanomaterials, yet it is seldom considered for modulating Pt-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, we designed Ni-doped vacancy-rich Pt nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene (Vac-NiPt NPs/NG) with a low Pt loading of 3.5 wt.% and a Ni/Pt ratio of 0.038:1. Physical characterizations confirmed the presence of abundant atomic-scale vacancies in the Pt NPs induces long-range lattice distortions, and the Ni dopant generates a ligand effect resulting in electronic transfer from Ni to Pt. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicated that atomic-scale vacancies mainly contributed the tolerance performances towards CO and CH3OH, the ligand effect derived from a tiny of Ni dopant accelerated the transformation from *O to *OH species, thereby improved the ORR activity without compromising the tolerance capabilities. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay between atomic-scale vacancies and ligand effect, as-prepared Vac-NiPt NPs/NG exhibited improved ORR activity, sufficient tolerance capabilities, and excellent durability. This study offers a new avenue for modulating the electrocatalytic activity of metal-based nanomaterials.

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Reversing the bacterial resistance is of great significance and importance. Fusidic acid (FA) is commonly effective against Gram-positive bacterial infections, but most Gram-negative bacteria have intrinsic resistance to FA, primarily due to the strong cell membrane-FA interactions, which highly inhibit the intracellular transport of FA. Herein, we use albumin (bovine serum albumin, BSA) as a bifunctional carrier to solubilize FA and facilitate its transmembrane delivery into Gram-negative bacterial cells. The water solubility of FA is significantly enhanced from 11.87 to 442.20 µg/mL by 5 mg/mL BSA after forming FA-BSA complex. Furthermore, FA-BSA (200 µg/mL) causes 99.96 % viability loss to the model pathogen E. coli upon incubation for 3 h, while free FA or BSA alone shows little activity. Elongation of E. coli cells after treated by FA-BSA is demonstrated by SEM, and the transmembrane transport of FA-BSA is demonstrated by CLSM. Interestingly, increasing the BSA amount substantially reduce the antibacterial activity of FA-BSA, implying an albumin-based transmembrane delivery mechanism may exist. This is the first report regarding successfully reversing the intrinsic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to FA in the form of FA-BSA. The ready availability of albumin and the simple preparation allows FA-BSA to have great potentials for clinical use.

Assuntos

Escherichia coli , Ácido Fusídico , Soroalbumina Bovina , Solubilidade , Soroalbumina Bovina/química , Ácido Fusídico/farmacologia , Ácido Fusídico/química , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Bovinos

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Silicon (Si) is an appealing choice of anode for next-generation lithium ion batteries with high energy density, but its dramatic volume expansion makes it a tremendous challenge to achieve acceptable stability. Herein, we demonstrate that no capacity decay is observed during the testing period when the lithiation depth of Si nanoparticles is regulated at 2000 mAh g-1 or below, the fracture of Si anode films is well mitigated under suitable regulation of lithiation depth, and the cycled Si remains particulate without turning flocculent as under full lithiation. In addition, the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with a LiF-dominated outer region produced under lithiation regulation could better passivate the Si anodes and prevent further electrolyte decomposition than the mosaic-type SEI formed under full lithiation. Regulating lithiation depth proved to be a feasible solution to the pressing volume issues, and optimization of capacity utilization should be considered as much as materials-level optimization.

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Endothelial dysfunction caused by the stimulation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) by the inflammatory factor IL-6 is one of the pathogenic pathways associated with Perthes disease. The natural active product biochanin A (BCA) has an anti-inflammatory effect; however, whether it can alleviate endothelial dysfunction in Perthes disease is not known. The present in vitro experiments on human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that 0-100 pg/ml IL-6-EMPs could induce endothelial dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner, and the results of the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay revealed that, at concentrations of <20 µM, BCA had no cytotoxic effect. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that BCA reduced the expression levels of the endothelial dysfunction indexes E-selectin and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a concentration-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence and western blotting illustrated that BCA increased the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 and decreased those of ICAM-1. Mechanistic studies showed that BCA inhibited activation of the NFκB pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated that IL-6 was significantly increased in the rat model of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, whereas BCA inhibited IL-6 production. Therefore, in Perthes disease, BCA may inhibit the NFκB pathway to suppress IL-6-EMP-induced endothelial dysfunction, and could thus be regarded as a potential treatment for Perthes disease.

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Ferroptosis, a defensive strategy commonly employed by the host cells to restrict pathogenic infections, has been implicated in the development and therapeutic responses of various types of cancer. However, the role of ferroptosis in oncogenic Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-induced cancers remains elusive. While a growing number of non-histone proteins have been identified as acetylation targets, the functions of these modifications have yet to be revealed. Here, we show KSHV reprogramming of host acetylation proteomics following cellular transformation of rat primary mesenchymal precursor. Among them, SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) deacetylation is increased and required for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) promotes SIRT3 deacetylation of SERBP1, preventing its binding to and protection of lipoyltransferase 2 (Lipt2) mRNA from mRNA degradation resulting in ferroptosis. Consequently, a SIRT3-specific inhibitor, 3-TYP, suppresses KSHV-induced cellular transformation by inducing ferroptosis. Our findings unveil novel roles of vIL-6 and SERBP1 deacetylation in regulating ferroptosis and KSHV-induced cellular transformation, and establish the vIL-6-SIRT3-SERBP1-ferroptosis pathways as a potential new therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers.

Assuntos

Ferroptose , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Neoplasias , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Sirtuína 3 , Ratos , Animais , Herpesvirus Humano 8/genética , Sirtuína 3/genética , Sirtuína 3/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo

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LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode materials have attracted significant attention for its potential to provide higher energy density in current Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the structure and performance degradation are exacerbated by increasing voltage due to the catastrophic reaction between the applied electrolyte and delithiated LCO. The present study focuses on the construction of physically and chemically robust Mg-integrated cathode-electrolyte interface (MCEI) to address this issue, by incorporating Magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg[TFSI]2) as an electrolyte additive. During formation cycles, the strong MCEI is formed and maintained its 2 nm thickness throughout long-term cycling. Notably, Mg is detected not only in the robust MCEI, but also imbedded in the surface of the LCO lattice. As a result, the parasitic interfacial side reactions, surface phase reconstruction, particle cracking, Co dissolution and shuttling are considerably suppressed, resulting in long-term cycling stability of LCO up to 4.5 V. Therefore, benefit from the double protection of the strong MCEI, the Li||LCO coin cell and the Ah-level Graphite||LCO pouch cell exhibit high capacity retention by using Mg-electrolyte, which are 88.13% after 200 cycles and 90.4% after 300 cycles, respectively. This work provides a novel approach for the rational design of traditional electrolyte additives.

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Chemotherapy, a primary treatment for osteosarcoma (OS), has limited knowledge regarding its impact on tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Here, tissues from 6 chemotherapy-naive OS patients underwent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and were analyzed alongside public dataset (GSE152048) containing 7 post-chemotherapy OS tissues. CD45+ (PTPRC+) cells were used for cell clustering and annotation. Changes in immune cell composition pre- and post-chemotherapy were characterized. Totally, 28,636 high-quality CD45+ (PTPRC+) cells were extracted. Following chemotherapy, the proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and activated CD8 T cells decreased, while CD8 effector T cells increased. GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T cells were associated with cell activation, adaptive immune response, and immune response to tumor cells. Furthermore, the proportions of plasma cells increased, while naive B cells decreased. B cell surface receptors expression was upregulated, and GO analysis revealed DEGs of B cells were mainly enriched in B cell-mediated immunity and B cell activation. Moreover, M2 polarization of macrophages was suppressed post-chemotherapy. Overall, this study elucidates chemotherapy remodels the OS TIME landscape, triggering immune heterogeneity and enhancing anti-tumor properties.

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Drug resistance substantially compromises antibiotic therapy and poses a serious threat to public health. Fusidic acid (FA) is commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections, such as pneumonia, osteomyelitis and skin infections. However, Gram-negative bacteria have natural resistance to FA, which is almost restrained in cell membranes due to the strong interactions between FA and phospholipids. Herein, we aim to utilize the strong FA-phospholipid interaction to pre-form a complex of FA with the exogenous phospholipid. The FA, in the form of an FA-phospholipid complex (FA-PC), no longer interacts with the endogenous membrane phospholipids and thus can be delivered into bacteria cells successfully. We found that the water solubility of FA (5 µg/mL) was improved to 133 µg/mL by forming the FA-PC (molar ratio 1:1). Furthermore, upon incubation for 6 h, the FA-PC (20 µg/mL) caused a 99.9% viability loss of E. coli and 99.1% loss of P. aeruginosa, while free FA did not work. The morphology of the elongated bacteria cells after treatment with the FA-PC was demonstrated by SEM. The successful intracellular delivery was shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy in the form of coumarin 6-PC (C6-PC), where C6 served as a fluorescent probe. Interestingly, the antibacterial effect of the FA-PC was significantly compromised by adding extra phospholipid in the medium, indicating that there may be a phospholipid-based transmembrane transport mechanism underlying the intracellular delivery of the FA-PC. This is the first report regarding FA-PC formation and its successful reversing of Gram-negative bacteria resistance to FA, and it provides a platform to reverse transmembrane delivery-related drug resistance. The ready availability of phospholipid and the simple preparation allow it to have great potential for clinical use.

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Introduction: Applying transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery to endometrial cancers is worldwide, and the depiction of the learning curve is rarely described, which leads to the vagueness of young clinical practitioners. We accumulated the data to identify the completion of the learning curve by analyzing the operative and postoperative outcomes of the patients with endometrial cancer for transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS). Methods: This was a retrospective, consecutive single-center study of patients with endometrial cancer undergoing standard endometrial cancer comprehensive staging surgery (extrafascial hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy) through TU-LESS by an experienced surgeon from December, 2017 to June, 2021 in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, China. Results: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 patients were included in the study. The learning curve for this study was evaluated using both cumulative sum (CUSUM) and risk-adjusted CUSUM (RA-CUSUM) methods. Applying CUSUM and RA-CUSUM has grouped 42 cases into three phases. The prior five cases represented the learning period. The following six cases were needed to lay a technical foundation (cases 6-11). The third phase was regarded as achieving proficiency (cases 12-42). The operative time decreased drastically with the learning curve. There were no significant differences in terms of postoperative complications and lymph node retrieval among the three phases. More difficult patients were confronted in the third phase. Discussion: In our study, the learning curve was composed of three phases. According to the results of our study, 11 cases were required for experienced surgeons to achieve a technical foundation.

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INTRODUCTION: Hysterectomy is the most common surgical procedure in the field of gynaecology. The traditional multiport laparoscopy, transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS) and transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy approaches have been implemented to varying degrees in clinical practice. At present, although their feasibility has been proven, there are no large randomised controlled studies on postoperative rehabilitation. This study aims to evaluate postoperative recovery and assess the safety and effectiveness of these three surgical approaches for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, interventional clinical trial. Recruitment will be carried out in five tertiary hospitals in China. Patients diagnosed with benign uterine disease or precancerous lesions will be assigned to the vNOTES group, TU-LESS group and conventional laparoscopy group at a 1:1:1 ratio. The achievement rate of comprehensive indices of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) within 24 hours postoperatively will be considered the primary outcome (the comprehensive indicators of ERAS include fluid intake, passing flatus, urination after catheter removal, ambulation and a Visual Analogue Scale score ≤3.) This study will use a non-inferiority test, with a power (1-ß) of 80% and a margin of -0.15, at a one-sided α of 0.0125. The sample size will be 480 patients (including an assumed 15% dropout rate), calculated according to the primary outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved on 25 April 2022 by the Medical Ethics Committee of West China Second University Hospital (2022(057)), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. All participants will be required to provide informed consent before their participation in the study. The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. PROTOCOL VERSION: V.3.0, 31 August 2023. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2200057405.

Assuntos

Recuperação Pós-Cirúrgica Melhorada , Histerectomia , Feminino , Humanos , Método Simples-Cego , China , Remoção de Dispositivo , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is a special self-limited disease in pediatric orthopedics with a high disability rate and a long-term course, and there is still no clear and effective therapeutic drug in clinic. This study aimed to investigate the potential efficacy of biochanin A, a kind of oxygen-methylated isoflavone compound, in treating Perthes disease based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. METHODS: IL-6 was used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells to construct endothelial cell dysfunction model. We demonstrated whether biochanin A could alleviate endothelial dysfunction through CCK8 assay, immunofluorescence. Targets of biochanin A from pharmMappeer, SWISS, and TargetNet databases were screened. Targets of endothelial dysfunction were obtained from Genecards and OMIM databases. Protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics analyses were used to analyze the potential target and the key pathway of the anti-endothelial dysfunction activity of biochanin A. To validate the potential target-drug interactions, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed and the result was proved by western blot. RESULTS: It was found that biochanin A can promote the expression of ZO-1, reduce the expression of ICAM-1, which means improving endothelial dysfunction. A total of 585 targets of biochanin A from pharmMappeer, SWISS, and TargetNet databases were screened. A total of 10,832 targets of endothelial dysfunction were obtained from Genecards and OMIM databases. A total of 527 overlapping targets of endothelial dysfunction and biochanin A were obtained. AKT1, TNF-α, VCAM1, ICAM1, and NOS3 might be the key targets of the anti-endothelial dysfunction activity of biochanin A, and the key pathways might be PI3K-Akt and TNF signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that the AKT1 and TNF-α had the highest affinity binding with biochanin A. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that biochanin A can target AKT1 and TNF-α to alleviate endothelial dysfunction induced by IL-6 in Perthes disease, which provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of Perthes disease by using biochanin A.

Assuntos

Doença de Legg-Calve-Perthes , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Criança , Humanos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Farmacologia em Rede , Células Endoteliais , Interleucina-6 , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases

RESUMO

Skin wounds are susceptible to microbial infections which commonly lead to the delayed wound healing. Rapid clearance of pathogens from the wound is of great significance and importance for efficient healing of the infected wounds. Herein, we report a multifunctional hybrid dressing, which simply combines sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for the synergistic wound healing. Addition of NaHCO3 allows the hybrid dressing to have the great antibacterial and antioxidant activity, while maintaining the intrinsic skin repair function of HA. As a result, NaHCO3/HA hybrid dressing showed the great antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) pathogens, the ability to improve the fibroblasts proliferation and migration, the cell-protection capacity under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, and most importantly, the great healing efficacy for the mice wound infected by S. aureus. We further found that the epidermal regeneration, the collagen deposition and the angiogenesis were enhanced by NaHCO3/HA hybrid dressing. All these effects were NaHCO3 concentration-dependent. Since the NaHCO3/HA hybrid dressing is drug-free, easily fabricated, biocompatible, and efficient for wound healing, it may have great potentials for clinical management of infected wounds.

Assuntos

Ácido Hialurônico , Cicatrização , Camundongos , Animais , Ácido Hialurônico/farmacologia , Bicarbonato de Sódio/farmacologia , Bicarbonato de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Bicarbonatos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Bandagens , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Hidrogéis/farmacologia

RESUMO

The fast charging/discharging performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to the properties of electrode materials, especially the phase evolution and Li+ diffusion kinetics. The phase evolution and intrinsic properties of an electrode material under different C-rates can be investigated by applying operando X-ray diffraction (XRD). In this study, a transmission X-ray diffractometer is used in operando monitoring the behaviors of NCM811/Graphite pouch cells during charging/discharging at low rate (0.1C) and high rate (2.5C), especially the structure changes, phase evolution, and relaxation of graphite anode. The variations in XRD patterns, as well as and the inconsistency between the state of charge (SOC) of full cells and the SOC of electrodes, are explained based on genetic algorithm and shrinking annuli model. Furthermore, from the perspectives of monitoring and identification of electrode state, structural design of materials and electrodes, and optimization of charging/discharging protocols, practical suggestions for understanding the state and improving the performance of electrodes are proposed.

RESUMO

Organic-inorganic molecular assembly has led to numerous nano/mesostructured materials with fantastic properties, but it is dependent on and limited to the direct interaction between host organic structure-directing molecules and guest inorganic species. Here, we report a "solvent-pair surfactants" enabled assembly (SPEA) method to achieve a general synthesis of mesostructured materials requiring no direct host-guest interaction. Taking the synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides as an example, the dimethylformamide/water solvent pairs behave as surfactants and induce the formation of mesostructured polyoxometalates/copolymers nanocomposites, which can be converted into metal oxides. This SPEA method enables the synthesis of functional ordered mesoporous metal oxides with different pore sizes, structures, compositions and tailored pore-wall microenvironments that are difficult to access via conventional direct organic-inorganic assembly. Typically, nitrogen-doped mesoporous ε-WO3 with high specific surface area, uniform mesopores and stable framework is obtained and exhibits great application potentials such as gas sensing.

RESUMO

High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today's energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides (NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content (≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.

RESUMO

Quinary RuRhPdPtAu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) were prepared for the first time from a deep eutectic solvent by an electrochemical method. Owing to the benefits of high entropy and abundant surface active sites, the RuRhPdPtAu HEA-NPs exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.