RESUMO
Cryptorchidism affects the growth of testicular volume. Testicular volume is associated with reproductive function. The testicular atrophy index evaluates the degree of damage caused by cryptorchidism, but it remains unclear whether changes in testicular atrophy index are related to age. We selected patients who underwent surgery for unilateral palpable cryptorchidism. Testicular volume was measured using ultrasonography. The testicular atrophy indices of the undescended testes were then reviewed, and their correlation with age was analyzed. We studied 228 cases (age range: 6-53 months). Scatter plots were constructed, and Loess curves were fitted, revealing a turning point at 24 months of age. The patients were divided into age groups of 6-24 months and 25-53 months. The testicular volume of the cryptorchid side was smaller than that of the normal side in both groups (both P < 0.001). In the 6-24-month group, the testicular atrophy index was positively correlated with age, testicular volume on the cryptorchid side was not correlated with age, and testicular volume was positively correlated with age on the normal side. In the 25-53-month group, testicular atrophy index and testicular volumes on either side were not correlated with age. A palpable unilateral cryptorchid testis is smaller than the contralateral testis. The testicular atrophy index increases with age between 6 months and 24 months, but not between 25 months and 53 months. Testicular volume increased with age on the normal side between 6 months and 24 months, but not on the cryptorchid side. Trends in testicular atrophy index with age contribute to the decision of operation time.
Assuntos
Criptorquidismo , Atrofia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testículo , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to compare the curative efficacy of hemivertebra resection via the posterior approach assisted with unilateral and bilateral internal fixation in the treatment of congenital scoliosis (CS). Methods: In this study, 29 children (15 males and 14 females), who underwent hemivertebra resection via the posterior approach and received internal fixation from November 2005 to September 2018, were analyzed retrospectively. The age of these patients ranged from 0.9 to 15 years, with an average of 3.8 years. The follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 12.3 years, with an average of 5.7 years. The patients in group A received unilateral internal fixation, and those in group B received bilateral internal fixation. The operation duration, bleeding volume, and complications during the operation, as well as the Cobb angles of scoliosis and kyphosis before and after the operation and at the last follow-up, were compared between the two groups. Results: In group A, the operation duration was 207.4 ± 54.5 min, and the bleeding volume was 215.3 ± 75.4 ml; in group B, the operation duration was 249.5 ± 51.0 min, and the bleeding volume was 291.3 ± 115.6 ml (P < 0.05). The Cobb angles of segmental scoliosis, segmental kyphosis, cephalic compensatory curve, and caudal compensatory curve were significantly improved in the two groups after operation and at the last follow-up (P < 0.05). The post-operative correction rate of the scoliosis Cobb angle was 67.2% in group A and 79.5% in group B; and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the last follow-up, the correction rate of the scoliosis Cobb angle was 72.7% in group A and 76.2% in group B (P > 0.05). After the operation and at the last follow-up, the correction rates of kyphosis were 83.1 and 79.6% in group A and 71.8 and 65.5% in group B (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Hemivertebra resection via posterior approach with unilateral internal fixation can also achieve the effect of bilateral internal fixation in the treatment of CS. It is able to preserve a certain degree of contralateral spinal growth potential and is a feasible method.
RESUMO
The small-molecule inhibitors of p53-murine double minute 2 interaction, such as Nutlin-3, are effective against cancers bearing wild-type p53. However, murine double minute 2 inhibitors often are unable to completely eliminate solid tumor cells. To address this issue, we investigated the anticancer effects of Nutlin-3 in combination with Oridonin in osteosarcoma cells. We found that Oridonin at sub-toxic concentrations synergistically enhanced Nutlin-3-mediated cell viability inhibition in wild-type p53 U2OS and SJSA-1, but not in p53-mutant MNNG/HOS and in null-p53 Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell lines. Importantly, in the presence of Oridonin, Nutlin-3 could completely abolish cell viability in the wild-type p53 osteosarcoma cell lines. Western blotting analysis showed that Oridonin treatment rapidly and distinctly increased the levels of all three forms of Bim and also markedly reduced the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl in osteosarcoma cells. Western blotting analysis further showed that Oridonin considerably enhanced Nutlin-3-triggered activation of caspases-9 and -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Flow cytometry assay showed that Oridonin significantly enhanced Nutlin-3-mediated apoptosis in wild-type p53 osteosarcoma cells. Overall, our results suggest that the combined treatment of Nutlin-3 plus Oridonin may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma.
Assuntos
Diterpenos do Tipo Caurano/administração & dosagem , Imidazóis/administração & dosagem , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2/genética , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Osteossarcoma/genética , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/genética , Proteína bcl-X/genéticaRESUMO
To investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-302b in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation in gastric cancer. Samples of tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected from 30 gastric cancer patients. Bioinformatics and the dual luciferase report were used for verification of the relationship between miR-302b expression and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). RT-PCR and western blot were used to examine CDK2 mRNA and protein levels. The impacts of miR-302b on CDK2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway were assessed in cells transfected with miR-302b analogs and CDK2 overexpression carrier, respectively. We used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to assay gastric cancer cell growth after transfection, flow cytometry to analyze cell cycle. Compared with normal tissues, miR-302b expression was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues, which was significantly related to lymph node metastasis, metastasis distance, and TNM staging. miR-302b expression was increased in miR-302b mimics transfected cells and was significantly decreased in miR-302b inhibitors transfected cells. CDK2 is a target gene of miR-302b. Decreased miR-302b and increased CDK2 expressions can significantly promote proliferation and G1/S phase transformation in gastric cancer. miR-302b promoted the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through upregulation of CDK2, thereby inhibiting ERK pathway, which can in turn inhibit the promoting ability of miR-302b on proliferation. The upregulation of miR-302b reduced the expression of CDK2, and inhibited ERK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and G1/S phase conversion rate. Therefore, miR-302b provides new perspectives for research of cell regulation and proliferation in gastric cancer, and new targets for gastric cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Ciclo Celular/genética , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Adulto , Idoso , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Interferência de RNA , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To improve the understanding in pathology and provide steady proof for diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome (TCS), the ultrastructure of filum terminale (FT) with TCS will be researched, respectively. METHODS: Thirty-one fila were sectioned and divided into two groups according to diameter. Twenty-two fila thicker than 2 mm were placed into group 1; nine no thicker than 2 mm were placed into group 2. Their transverse and longitudinal sections were respectively submitted for scanning electron microscopy analysis. RESULTS: For the FTs with TCS, ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of abundant collagen bundles and adipocytes, sparse or invisible elastic and reticular fibers inside the FT, but the latter two fibers were still visible in the relative normal areas of FT; some abnormalities, such as thickening, distortion, adhesion or fusion to piece, relatively dense and disorderly arrangement at a different degree, were quite common for collagen fiber. Some areas looked blurry, and some crystallization appeared occasionally on their surface. For the FTs with TFTS, those changes as mentioned above were still exhibited, but slightly relatively. All the changes mentioned inside all the FTs may exist alone or concomitantly, rarely simultaneously. Moreover, they can be often seen focally or diffusely occasionally. CONCLUSIONS: Low elasticity resulting from the destruction of the three-dimensional structure of FT is involved in TCS. Early FT severing is a treatment of choice no matter whether its appearance looks normal.