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Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos em um centro de referência de traumatismos dentários na dentição decídua, identificando as características sociodemográficas, frequência, tipos de lesões traumáticas e tratamentos realizados. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo com prontuários odontológicos de crianças de 6 a 60 meses de idade atendidas na Clínica de Traumatismo na Dentição Decídua da FAO/UFMG no período de 2007 a 2019. Foram analisadas características das lesões traumáticas, da criança, atendimento imediato (2h após o trauma) e condições socioeconômicas. A análise dos dados foi realizada de maneira descritiva e consistiu na distribuição de frequência das variáveis. Resultados:Entre os 610 prontuários odontológicos, 365 crianças (59,8%) eram do sexo masculino; 335 (54,9%) tinham 3 anos de idade ou menos, 446 (73,1%) eram de baixa renda e 335 (54,9%) das mães estudaram até o ensino médio. Lesões aos tecidos duros dentários apresentaram a maior frequência em crianças com 3 anos de idade ou menos (60,4%), entretanto, após os 3 anos de idade, as lesões mais frequentes foram lesões aos tecidos de sustentação (48,0%). Dentre a classificação de lesões aos tecidos duros dentários, a trinca e/ou fratura de esmalte foi a lesão mais frequente (15,0%). A luxação intrusiva foi o trauma mais frequente nos tecidos de sustentação (11,2%) e lesão em gengiva foi mais frequente dentre lesões nos tecidos moles (9,5%). Em geral, 212 crianças (34,8%) buscaram atendimento em um intervalo menor ou igual a duas horas após o trauma. A exodontia foi o tratamento mais realizado: em casos de lesões aos tecidos de sustentação (47,1%), seguido do mantenedor de espaço (24,3%). Em tecidos duros dentários a exodontia também foi o tratamento mais frequente (50,7%), seguido de restauração e mantenedor de espaço (18,0%). Conclusão: Conclui-se que a maioria dos traumatismos dentários na dentição decídua foram em meninos com menos de 3 anos e as lesões mais comuns foram trincas/fratura de esmalte, seguidas das luxações intrusivas.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the profile and characteristics of patients treated at a dental trauma reference center, and identifying frequency, types of traumatic injuries and treatments performed. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out with dental records of children aged 6 to 60 months attended at the Primary Dental Trauma Clinic of FAO/UFMG between 2007 and 2019. Characteristics of the child and traumatic dental injuries, immediate care (2 hours after the trauma) and socioeconomic status were analyzed. Data analysis was performed descriptively using frequency distribution. Results:Of the total of 610 dental records, 365 children (59.8%) were male; 335 (54.9%) were up to 3 years old, 446 (73.1%) were low-income and 335 (54.9%) had mothers who studied up to high school. Dental hard tissue injuries were more frequent in children aged 3 years or less (60.4%), but after 3 years of age, the most frequent injuries were supporting tissue injuries (48.0%). Among dental hard tissue injuries, enamel crack and/or fracture was the most frequent injury (15.0%). Intrusive luxation was the most frequent lesion in supporting tissues injuries (11.2%) and gingival lesions was the most frequent soft tissue injuries (9.5%). Overall, 212 children (34.8%) sought care within two hours of the injury. Extraction was the most common treatment for supporting tissue injuries (44.3%), followed by space maintainers (22.8%). In dental hard tissues injuries, extraction was also the most frequent treatment (35.8%), followed by restoration (30.2%). Conclusion: In conclusion, most traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition occurred in boys under 3 years of age, and the most common injuries were enamel cracks/fractures, followed by intrusive luxation.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between suicidal behaviors and binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,476 students 14 to 19 years of age from 26 public high schools in the city of Olinda, Brazil. Data collection occurred between March and June 2018 through the self-administered Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05, 95%CI) were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt in the previous 12 months was 23.7%, 17.4% and 13.5%, respectively. Suicidal ideation was associated with binge drinking one to two days (PR:1.053, 95%CI:1.011-1.096) and ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.069, 95%CI:1.016-1.125), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.313, 95%CI:1.267-1.360), a report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.111, 95%CI:1.068-1.155), the female sex (PR:1.082, 95%CI:1.049-1.115) and a non-nuclear family (PR:1.037, 95%CI:1.004-1.071). Suicidal planning was associated with sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.257, 95%CI:1.214-1.302), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.110, 95%CI:1.065-1.156) and the female sex (PR:1.072, 95%CI:1.041-1.104). Suicide attempt was associated with binge drinking ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.062, 95%CI:1.008-1.119), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.202, 95%CI:1.161-1.244), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.105, 95%CI:1.060-1.153) and the female sex (PR:1.064, 95%CI:1.034-1.095). The Catholic (PR:0.938, 95%CI:0.899-0.979; PR:0.925, 95%CI:0.888-0.9865; PR:0.937, 95%CI:0.899-0.977) and Evangelical (PR:0.956, 95%CI:0.922-0.992; PR:0.954, 95%CI:0.919-0.991) religions acted as a possible protective factor against suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation and attempt were associated with binge drinking.

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A exposição à violência e ao álcool tem sido associada a inúmeros impactos, como problemas de saúde mental, intoxicação e dependência de álcool, comportamento suicida, lesões corporais e envolvimento em crimes. Assim, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas em binge e a violência na adolescência são considerados problemas de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre ter sofrido violência e consumo em binge de álcool entre os adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base escolar conduzido com 2.461 estudantes de 14 a 19 anos matriculados no ensino médio em 26 escolas públicas estaduais de Olinda/PE. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março e junho de 2018 por meio do questionário autoaplicado e validado Youth Risk Behavior Survey e de questões da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE). A variável dependente foi o consumo em binge de álcool no último mês, definido como o consumo de 5 ou mais doses de álcool numa mesma ocasião. As variáveis de interesse foram as variáveis relacionadas à vitimização de violência (bullying escolar, cyberbullying e violência física) e as covariáveis foram uso de cigarro e drogas, porte de arma, tentativa de suicídio, sexo, idade, religião, escolaridade dos pais e renda familiar. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05, IC 95%). A prevalência de consumo em binge de álcool nos últimos 30 dias foi de 31,7% (n = 769). A frequência de bullying escolar foi 19,4% (n = 468), cyberbullying foi 10,9% (n = 264), violência física foi 14,3% (n = 351) e porte de arma foi 5,1% (n = 123). O bullying escolar (IRR = 1.194; 95% IC = 0.971-1.468), cyberbullying (IRR = 0.781; 95% IC = 0.603-1.013) e violência física (IRR = 1.007; 95% IC = 0.821-1.236) não estiveram associados ao consumo em binge de álcool. Porte de arma (IRR = 1,302; IC 95% = 1,016-1,667) foi associado ao consumo em binge de álcool. Adolescentes que relataram ter sofrido violência não apresentaram associação com o consumo em binge de álcool, embora o porte de arma esteve como possível fator de risco para o consumo em binge de álcool. Esses resultados têm implicações para a saúde pública, como estabelecer programas para retardar consumo de álcool precoce e acesso dos jovens às armas, prevenir uma variedade de comportamentos de risco, informar os pais e educadores sobre os riscos comportamentais, incentivar adaptação escolar e promover a discussão sobre temas como saúde mental, vitimização de pares e uso de substâncias e armas.

Exposure to violence and alcohol has been associated with numerous impacts, such as mental health problems, alcohol intoxication and dependence, suicidal behavior, bodily harm, and involvement in crime. Thus, binge drinking and violence in adolescence are considered public health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between having suffered violence and binge drinking among adolescents. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 2,461 students aged 14 to 19 enrolled in high school in 26 state public schools in Olinda/PE. Data collection occurred between March and June 2018 through the self-administered and validated Youth Risk Behavior Survey and questions from National Adolescent Schoolbased Health Survey (PeNSE). The dependent variable was binge drinking in the last month, defined as the consumption of 5 or more drinks on a single occasion. The variables of interest were the variables related to violence victimization (school bullying, cyberbullying and physical violence) and the covariates were cigarette and drug use, weapon carrying, suicide attempt, sex, age, religion, parental education and family income. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05, 95%CI) were performed. The prevalence of binge drinking in the last 30 days was 31.7% (n = 769). The frequency of school bullying was 19.4% (n = 468), cyberbullying was 10.9% (n = 264), physical violence was 14.3% (n = 351) and carrying a weapon was 5.1% (n = 123). School bullying (IRR = 1.194; 95% IC = 0.971-1.468), cyberbullying (IRR = 0.781; 95% IC = 0.603-1.013) and physical violence (IRR = 1.007; 95% IC = 0.821-1.236) were not associated with binge drinking. Weapon carrying (IRR = 1,302; IC 95% = 1,016-1,667) was associated with binge drinking. Adolescents who reported having suffered violence were not associated with binge drinking, although carrying a weapon was a possible risk factor for binge drinking. These findings have public health implications, such as establishing programs to delay early alcohol consumption and youth access to guns, prevent a variety of risky behaviors, inform parents and educators about behavioral risks, encourage school adaptation, and promote discussion on topics such as mental health, peer victimization, and substance and weapon use.

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Objetivo: A necrose da polpa dentária é uma complicação causada principalmente por cáries e lesões traumáticas. Não há consenso sobre a melhor técnica e materiais para o tratamento endodôntico na dentição decídua. O objetivo foi apresentar um relato de caso clínico em que foram realizadas diferentes abordagens endodônticas em dentes homólogos traumatizados e necróticos. Métodos: Um menino de um ano e oito meses sofreu traumatismo dento-alveolar após queda e procurou o projeto de extensão de traumatismos na dentição decídua da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG em outubro de 2018 para avaliação clínica e radiográfica. O incisivo central superior esquerdo apresentou fratura de esmalte e dentina sem exposição pulpar, enquanto o incisivo central superior direito apresentou luxação intrusiva leve. Ambos apresentaram o desenvolvimento de lesões periapicais. Resultados: Os dentes foram tratados respectivamente com a técnica não instrumental com pasta CTZ e com terapia endodôntica convencional com pasta Guedes-Pinto. Os acompanhamentos clínico e radiográfico após os tratamentos revelaram dentes assintomáticos e evidência de cicatrização periapical. Conclusão: O uso da pasta CTZ apresentou resultados satisfatórios e semelhantes à terapia tradicional em curto prazo no relato de caso apresentado.

Aim: Dental pulp necrosis is a complication caused mainly by dental caries and lesions. No consensus has been reached on the best technique and materials for endodontic treatment in the primary dentition. The objective was to present a clinical case report in which different endodontic approaches were performed in traumatized and necrotic homologous teeth. Methods: A one-year-and-eight-month-old boy suffered dentoalveolar trauma after a fall and sought out the Deciduous Trauma Dental Center of the Federal University of Minas Gerais in October 2018 for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The left maxillary central incisor presented enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure, while the right maxillary central incisor presented a small intrusive dislocation. Both presented the development of periapical lesions. Results: The teeth were treated respectively, using the non-instrumental technique with CTZ paste and the conventional endodontic therapy with Guedes-Pinto paste. Clinical and radiographic follow-ups after treatments revealed asymptomatic teeth and evidence of periapical healing. Conclusion: The use of CTZ paste in this case report presented satisfactory and similar results to traditional therapy in the short term.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in primary dentition and its association with the children's characteristics, socioeconomic status, and TDI characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study with dental records of children aged 9 months to 6 years who attended a reference center in TDI in primary dentition between 2007 and 2018. Immediate care seeking after TDI, child's characteristics, sociodemographic conditions and TDI characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were performed (p < 0.05; 95%CI). Among the 493 dental records, 61.1% (n = 301) were of males and 50.5% (n = 249) were from children aged 2 years or less. More than one third of the sample (36.9%; n = 182) sought immediate care after TDI. Among the types of TDI, the prevalence of soft tissue injuries was 59.0% (n = 291), while 51.7% (n = 255) were hard tissue injuries and 54.0% (n = 266) were supporting tissue injuries. Immediate care seeking after TDI was higher in children who needed suture (PR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.01-1.92. p = 0.039), had luxation (lateral, intrusion, or extrusion) (PR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.36-4.08. p = 0.002) or avulsion (PR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.28-3.70. p = 0.004). The need for suture, luxation (lateral, intrusion and extrusion), and avulsion were determinant factors for the immediate care seeking after TDI, regardless of the child's characteristics and socioeconomic status.

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Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in primary dentition and its association with the children's characteristics, socioeconomic status, and TDI characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study with dental records of children aged 9 months to 6 years who attended a reference center in TDI in primary dentition between 2007 and 2018. Immediate care seeking after TDI, child's characteristics, sociodemographic conditions and TDI characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were performed (p < 0.05; 95%CI). Among the 493 dental records, 61.1% (n = 301) were of males and 50.5% (n = 249) were from children aged 2 years or less. More than one third of the sample (36.9%; n = 182) sought immediate care after TDI. Among the types of TDI, the prevalence of soft tissue injuries was 59.0% (n = 291), while 51.7% (n = 255) were hard tissue injuries and 54.0% (n = 266) were supporting tissue injuries. Immediate care seeking after TDI was higher in children who needed suture (PR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.01-1.92. p = 0.039), had luxation (lateral, intrusion, or extrusion) (PR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.36-4.08. p = 0.002) or avulsion (PR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.28-3.70. p = 0.004). The need for suture, luxation (lateral, intrusion and extrusion), and avulsion were determinant factors for the immediate care seeking after TDI, regardless of the child's characteristics and socioeconomic status.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS: Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25-1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03-1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37-1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15-2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43-2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22-2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12-5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24-5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57-3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32-3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25-1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03-1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37-1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15-2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43-2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22-2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12-5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24-5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57-3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32-3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.

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Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos praticantes de artes marciais da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, sobre avulsão dentária e como proceder mediante aos cuidados imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária.Métodos: Um estudo transversal de carácter exploratório foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 60 praticantes de artes marciais. As informações sobre avulsão dentária, experiências e condutas emergenciais frente a avulsão dentária e uso de protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção foram coletadas através de um questionário autoaplicado. As análises dos dados envolveram estatísticas descritivas de frequência absoluta e relativa de todas as variáveis do estudo. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 26,88 anos (DP ± 5,06), sendo 73,3% (n = 44) pertencentes ao sexo masculino. Do total de praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados, 48% praticavam Muay Thai e 18% Taekwondo. O estudo mostrou que apesar de 61,7% do total de entrevistados terem relatado saber o que era traumatismo dentário e 23,3% destes terem presenciado algum tipo de trauma dentário, 85,0% relataram não saber como proceder mediante os casos de avulsão. Entretanto, 95,0% consideraram esta informação como necessária para a prática de esportes. A maioria dos indivíduos praticantes de artes marciais (63,3%) relatou utilizar protetores bucais. Conclusão: A maioria dos praticantes de artes marciais entrevistados relatou saber o que o era traumatismo dentário, mas desconheciam como proceder diante dos casos de avulsão. A maioria dos entrevistados reconhecem a importância e afirmaram utilizar protetores bucais e equipamentos de proteção individual durante as práticas desportivas. (AU)

Aim:The present study sought to evaluate the level of knowledge of martial arts practitioners in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, against dental avulsion and how to proceed through immediate care in the event of dental avulsion. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 60 martial arts practitioners. Information on dental avulsion, experiences, and emergency behaviors against dental avulsion, as well as the use of mouth guards and protective equipment, were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 26.88 years (SD ± 5.06), of which 73.3% (n = 44) were males. Of the total number of martial arts practitioners, 48% practiced Muay Thai and 18% Taekwondo. The study showed that 61.7% of the respondents said they had knowledge about what dental trauma was, although only 23.3% had witnessed some type of dental trauma. In addition, 85.0% have never received guidance on how to proceed in cases of avulsion, but 95.0% consider this information to be necessary for the practice of sports. The majority of the individuals who practice martial arts (63.3%) use mouth guards. Conclusion: It was concluded that most of the martial arts practitioners interviewed in the present study do not have knowledge about dental avulsion and about the necessary immediate procedures in the event of dental avulsion. However, most of participants use mouth guards, wear personal protective equipment, and recognize the importance of these during sports practices. (AU)

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Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos mototaxistas de Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre os procedimentos imediatos frente à ocorrência de avulsão e fratura coronária, além de verificar o consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas, bem como o uso de capacetes do tipo fechado durante as atividades laborais.Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de mototaxistas regularmente registrados no sindicato de mototaxistas em Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil. Informações sobre condutas emergenciais e possíveis experiências e atitudes tomadas frente à ocorrência de avulsão dentária e fratura coronária, uso de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas, bem como o uso de capacetes para proteção fechados foram coletadas através de questionário. A análise dos dados envolveu estatística descritiva da frequência absoluta e relativa das variáveis do estudo.Resultados: Do total de mototaxistas entrevistados, 56,3% afirmaram ter entendimento sobre o conceito de traumatismo dentário, 52,1% não procurariam o cirurgião-dentista nos casos de ausência de fratura coronária, 58,3% pegariam em qualquer parte do dente avulsionado, 25,0% transportariam o dente até o consultório odontológico com auxílio de um lenço e 33,3% afirmaram que poderiam procurar o dentista na mesma semana da ocorrência do trauma. A ingestão de drogas lícitas e ilícitas antes do trabalho foi relatada, respectivamente, por 8,3% e 6,3% dos entrevistados e o uso de capacete de proteção foi realizado por 41,7% dos mototaxistas.Conclusão: Foi detectada um baixo conhecimento dos mototaxistas de Juazeiro do Norte-CE sobre as condutas imediatas adequadas frente à avulsão dentária e fratura coronária. O relato de consumo de substâncias lícitas e ilícitas foi baixo. O uso de capacetes de proteção fechados durante o trabalho apresentou uma porcentagem considerável.

Aim: To evaluate the knowledge of motorcycle taxi drivers from Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil about immediate attitudes regarding dental avulsion and coronary fracture, as well as to verify the consumption of licit and illicit substances and the use of protective helmets.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a convenience sample of motorcycle taxi drivers registered at the Union of Motorcycle taxi drivers of Juazeiro do Norte. Information on emergency behaviors and possible experiences and attitudes regarding the occurrence of trauma, the use of licit and illicit substances, and the use of closed protective helmets were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics of the absolute and relative frequency of all variables of the present study.Results: Of the total number of motorcycle taxi drivers interviewed, 56.3% stated that they had previous knowledge about the concept of dental trauma, 52.1% would not seek out a dentist in cases of the absence of a crown fracture, 58.3% would take the avulsed tooth anywhere, 25% would carry the tooth to the dental office wrapped in a piece of cloth, and 33.3% answered that they would go to the dentist in the same week of the trauma. Intake of licit and illicit substances before work was reported, respectively, by 8.3% and 6.3% of the interviewees, and the use of protective helmets was observed in 41.7% of motorcycle taxi drivers.Conclusion: This study showed a low knowledge of motorcycle taxi drivers from Juazeiro do Norte about appropriate immediate attitudes concerning the occurrence of dental avulsion and coronary fracture. The use of closed helmets during work was found in a considerable percentage of the drivers. The report of consumption of licit and illicit substances was low.

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