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OBJECTIVE: To analyse the short-term effects of kinesio taping (KT) with tension (KTT) or without tension (KTNT) in older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and compare them to controls who did not receive KT. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University physiotherapy school clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five older women (fifteen participants per group) with 66.8 (±5.6) years and clinical diagnosis of KOA were assessed pre, post and 3 days after intervention. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly allocated to KTT, who received two simultaneous applications of KT with tension on the knee and rectus femoris; KTNT, who received the same application as the KTT group, but without tension and a control group that attended a class on KOA. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was pain intensity and secondary outcomes were knee-related health status, functional capacity, muscle strength and global rating of change. RESULTS: No between-group differences were observed in pain after the first intervention (KTT vs KTNT: mean difference (MD), -1.8 points; 95% CI -4.2 to 0.5; KTT vs control: MD, -1.2 points; 95% CI -3.6 to 1.2; KTNT vs control: MD, 0.66 points; 95% CI -1.7 to 3.0) or 3 days later (KTT vs KTNT: MD, -1.3 points; 95% CI -3.7 to 1.0; KTT vs control: MD, 0.13 points; 95% CI -2.2 to 2.5; KTNT vs control: MD, 1.4 points; 95% CI -0.9 to 3.8). The lack of between-group differences was also found for secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: The short-term use of KT with or without tension in older woman with KOA had no beneficial effects on pain and function. These findings call into question the clinical use of KT as a non-pharmacological therapy for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03624075.

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INTRODUCTION: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common cause of pain and disability worldwide. Dry cupping has been used as non-pharmacological approach to control pain and improve physical function. However, there is a lack of high-quality scientific evidence regarding its effects on this condition. This protocol describes a sham-controlled, randomised and simple blind study that aims to evaluate the effect of dry cupping on pain, function and quality of life in women with KOA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Sixty-two women diagnosed with KOA, based on American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria, and aged from 50 to 75 years, will be randomly distributed into two groups (31 per group): real and sham dry cupping. Both applications will occur with acrylic cups around the knee. The intervention will last 15 min, two times a week over six consecutive weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. Both groups will be assessed at four different times: before the intervention (T0), after 3 weeks intervention (T3), at the end of the protocol (T6) and 4 weeks after the interventions (follow-up: T10). The primary outcome will be pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), and secondary outcomes will be knee-related health status (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), functional capacity (8-step stair climb test, 40-metre fast-paced walk test and 30-second chair stand test), quality of life (Short-Form 36) and global perceived effect. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the UFRN/FACISA Ethics Committee (number 3.737.688). The study results will be disseminated to the participants and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04331158.

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The objective of this review was to identify the main types of insoles described in the literature that are used to treat musculoskeletal alterations of lower limbs and to analyze the existence of previous evaluation for the prescription of these insoles. To this end, two researchers, independently and blindly, searched the PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, MEDLINE, Lilacs, PEDro, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases between June and July of 2018, from the free combination of the following descriptors: insoles, foot orthoses, foot, orthoses, musculoskeletal diseases and clinical trial. We included randomized or non-randomized clinical trials in which at least one intervention group used insoles and individuals with some type of musculoskeletal disorder had been sampled. Of the 227 documents identified in date bases, 20 were included in this review. In general, it is suggested to carry out more studies with more precise methods and that include evaluation before the prescription. This is a systematic review of clinical trials registered in PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) under the protocol no. CRD42018099534e.

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Abstract Background: The mat Pilates method is the therapeutic modalities which can be used in fibromyalgia treatment. Although there are no well-designed studies that prove the effectiveness of the mat Pilates method in this population. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates method for improving symptoms in women with fibromyalgia. Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial in which 42 women with fibromyalgia were randomized into two groups: mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercise. The exercises were performed twice a week for 12 weeks. Two evaluations were performed: one at baseline (T0), and another at 12 weeks after randomization (T12). The primary outcome was pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were function (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), quality of life (Short Form 36 [SF-36]), fear avoidance (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire [FABQ-BR]) and pain catastrophizing (Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale [PRCTS]). Results: There was improvement in both groups in relation to pain and function (p < 0.05). The aspects related to quality of life and the FABQ questionnaire only showed improvement in the mat Pilates group (p < 0.05). There was improvement in the PSQI and PRCTS variables only in the aquatic aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the groups for any of the evaluated variables. Conclusion: Significant improvements were observed in the two groups in relation to the disease symptoms, and no differences were observed between mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercise in any of the measured variables. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT03149198), May 11, 2017. Approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (Number: 2.116.314).(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Low back pain is a very prevalent condition in the population and cupping therapy has been presented as a frequently used non-pharmacological treatment in this population. However, there is a lack of well-designed studies that evaluate the effects of this technique. This protocol describes a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study that aims to evaluate the effect of dry cupping therapy on pain, physical function, trunk range of motion, quality of life and psychological symptoms in individuals with non-specific chronic low back pain. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Ninety individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain, aged from 18 to 59 years, will be randomised into two groups: intervention group, which will be submitted to dry cupping therapy application with two suctions; and placebo group which will undergo placebo dry cupping therapy. Both applications will occur bilaterally in parallel to the vertebrae from L1 to L5. The application will be performed once a week for 8 weeks. The volunteers will be evaluated before the treatment (T0), immediately after the first intervention (T1), after 4 weeks of intervention (T4) and after 8 weeks of intervention (T8). The primary outcome will be pain intensity, and secondary outcomes will be physical function, lumbar range of motion, patient expectation, overall perception of effect, quality of life and psychological factors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (number: 3639814). The results of the study will be disseminated to participants through social networks and will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03909672.

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INTRODUCTION: Altered lower limb movement patterns during weight-bearing activities have been described as risk factors for several injuries. The lateral step-down test (LSD) was developed to be a simple, clinician-friendly tool to facilitate the assessment of lower extremity quality of movement during a functional activity. However, there is still conflicting information across the literature regarding how the LSD should be performed. OBJECTIVE: To critically review the literature regarding the assessment of quality of movement using the LSD and to provide an overview of how this test has been used, describing confounding factors and factors associated with altered movement patterns. METHODS: A literature review was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, COCHRANE, PEDro, SciELO and LILACS databases, by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. One was a prospective cohort study to identify risk factors for injuries in military recruits. The fifteen remaining were cross-sectional studies involving healthy military recruits, physically active individuals, athletes and/or sedentary subjects, as well as participants with knee and ankle disorders. Worst quality of movement during the LSD has been associated with deficits in hip external rotation and knee extension strength as well as in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. The reliability of the LSD has been reported to be moderate (κ = 0.59-0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The LSD has adequate reliability and is a simple tool that can be used to quantify lower extremity quality of movement. Future studies should include standardized methods for application, scoring and interpretation of the test, so that confounding factors can be minimized.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the self-perception of oral health according to the physical, psychosocial and pain/discomfort dimensions related to clinical conditions and orofacial pain of elderly people living in three different environments. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study with a population-based approach and nonprobabilistic convenience sampling that included 81 elderly people: 27 resided in institutional homes for elderly individuals, 27 resided in an urban area and 27 resided in a rural area in the interior of Paraíba (PB) in northeastern Brazil. RESULTS: The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to assess self-perception of oral health, while the Questionnaire for Screening of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (QST/TMD) was used to assess the influences of orofacial pain and the biofilm indexes of teeth and prostheses. There was a statistically significant difference in the GOHAI scores among the places of residence, with the worst values associated with the rural area. According to the QST/TMD, the majority of individuals were affected by TMDs, with statistical differences for both sex and income. CONCLUSION: The biofilm analysis showed a higher incidence of clinical conditions in the rural population. The place of residence also influenced self-perception and the clinical oral health condition of elderly people; the rural population presented the worst results.

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INTRODUCTION: Physical training has been recommended to improve overall well-being in patients with fibromyalgia. Body relaxation exercises also seem to have some beneficial effect, however there is no consensus regarding this modality. OBJECTIVE: Comparing the effectiveness of sophrology and resistance training in improving the pain of women with fibromyalgia. METHOD: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a blind evaluator. Sixty (60) women with a medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia were randomized and included in two groups: sophrology group (SG) who participated in a relaxation program based on sophrology (n = 30), and resistance group (RG) (n = 30) who participated in a resistance training program for biceps, pectoral, triceps, knee extensors, trapezius, knee flexors, hip abductors. Both groups were treated twice a week for 12 weeks and reevaluated every 4 weeks. The assessment instruments used were the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS), the one-repetition maximum test (1 RM), the overall quality of life (SF-36), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). RESULTS: We found that the RG presented statistically significant decreases in pain (VAS) during the evaluations (p < 0.05) and increased strength of the evaluated muscles (p < 0.05). A statistically significant decrease in pain (p < 0.05) was observed in the SG compared to T0, with no significant differences in muscle strength. Differences between groups were observed, with better indices only for 6MWT and functional capacity domain of the SF36 for the RG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: No differences in pain were found between the groups. Resistance training was more effective than sophrology in improving strength and functional capacity of women with fibromyalgia.

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INTRODUCTION: Physical exercises have been recommended to improve the overall well-being of patients with fibromyalgia, with the main objective of repairing the effects of lack of physical conditioning and of improving the symptoms, especially pain and fatigue. Although widely recommended and widely known, few studies support the use of Pilates as an effective method in improving the symptoms of the disease, comparing it with other well-founded exercise modalities. This protocol was developed to describe the design of a randomised controlled study with a blind evaluator that evaluates the effectiveness of mat Pilates, comparing it with aquatic aerobic exercises, in improving pain in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS: Sixty women aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia, with a score of between 3 and 8 points on the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, and who sign the clear and informed consent form will be recruited according to the inclusion criteria. They will be randomised into one of the two intervention groups: (1) Pilates, to perform an exercise programme based on mat Pilates; and (2) aquatic exercise, to participate in a programme of aerobic exercises in the swimming pool. The protocol will correspond to 12 weeks of treatment, with both groups performing the exercises with supervision twice a week. The primary outcome will be pain (Visual Analogue Scale for pain). The secondary outcomes are to include impact related to the disease, functional capacity, sleep quality and overall quality of life. The evaluations will be performed at three points: at baseline and after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of FACISA/UFRN (number: 2.116.314). Data collection will begin after approval by the ethics committee. There will be prior contact with the women, at which time all the information about the study and the objectives will be presented, as well as resolution no 466/2012 of the National Health Council of Brazil for the year 2012, which provides guidelines and regulatory standards for research involving human beings. Participants must sign the informed consent form before the study begins. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03149198.

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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the self-perception of oral health according to the physical, psychosocial and pain/discomfort dimensions related to clinical conditions and orofacial pain of elderly people living in three different environments. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study with a population-based approach and nonprobabilistic convenience sampling that included 81 elderly people: 27 resided in institutional homes for elderly individuals, 27 resided in an urban area and 27 resided in a rural area in the interior of Paraíba (PB) in northeastern Brazil. RESULTS: The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to assess self-perception of oral health, while the Questionnaire for Screening of Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (QST/TMD) was used to assess the influences of orofacial pain and the biofilm indexes of teeth and prostheses. There was a statistically significant difference in the GOHAI scores among the places of residence, with the worst values associated with the rural area. According to the QST/TMD, the majority of individuals were affected by TMDs, with statistical differences for both sex and income. CONCLUSION: The biofilm analysis showed a higher incidence of clinical conditions in the rural population. The place of residence also influenced self-perception and the clinical oral health condition of elderly people; the rural population presented the worst results.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Soccer is the most popular and practiced sport in the world and is characterized by high intensity movements. This high demand induces several types of locomotor system injury, and one of the intrinsic factors responsible for triggering these injuries is muscle imbalances, which can occur between limbs or between muscles groups of the same limb. Objective: To evaluate the muscular performance between knee flexor/extensor groups of both limbs in professional soccer athletes.: Methods: Isokinetic assessments were performed in 18 professional soccer athletes, with mean age of 26.9 ± 3.6 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.9 ± 1.7 kg/m2.. The test protocol consisted of five concentric contractions of knee flexion and extension at angular velocity of 60o/sec, 15 contractions at 180o/sec and 30 contractions at 300o/sec in both limbs. Test paired t-test was used to verify the torque, power, and fatigue ratio of flexors and extensors of the dominant and non-dominant knee. Results: There was no significant difference between the evaluated members related to dominance (p>0.05). Regarding the torque ratio between flexors and extensors, we observed values below what is considered normal for this population, besides a higher fatigue index in knee flexor group when compared with the extensor group. Conclusion: No better performance was observed in the dominant limb, suggesting that, although this limb is preferred, this does not necessarily characterizes the better performance. The data also revealed an imbalance in the torque production capacity between the knee flexor and extensor groups, with an unfavorable ratio for the hamstrings, as well as a higher fatigue index in this group, which would make these muscles more susceptible to injures. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

RESUMO Introdução: O futebol é o esporte mais popular e mais praticado no mundo e caracteriza-se por movimentos de alta intensidade. Essa alta demanda induz diversos tipos de lesões do aparelho locomotor, e um dos fatores intrínsecos responsável por desencadear essas lesões é o desequilíbrio muscular, que pode ocorrer entre os membros ou entre grupos musculares de um mesmo membro. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho muscular entre os grupos flexores/extensores do joelho de ambos os membros em atletas profissionais de futebol. Métodos: Foram realizadas avaliações isocinéticas em 18 atletas profissionais de futebol, com média de idade de 26,9 ± 3,6 anos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 23,9 ± 1,7 kg/m2. O protocolo do teste consistiu em cinco contrações concêntricas de flexão e extensão do joelho na velocidade angular de 60º/s, 15 contrações a 180º/s e 30 contrações a 300º/s, em ambos os membros. O teste t pareado foi utilizado para verificar a razão do torque, potência e fadiga de flexores e extensores do joelho dominante e do não dominante. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os membros avaliados no que se refere à dominância (p>0,05). Com relação à razão de torque entre flexores e extensores, observaram-se valores abaixo do que se considera normal para essa população, além de um maior índice de fadiga no grupo flexor quando comparado com o grupo extensor do joelho. Conclusão: Não foi observado desempenho melhor no membro dominante, sugerindo que, embora haja preferência do uso desse membro, isso não caracteriza necessariamente a melhor performance. Os dados também revelaram um desequilíbrio na capacidade de produção de torque entre o grupo flexor e extensor do joelho, com razão desfavorável para os isquiotibiais, além de maior índice de fadiga nesse grupo, o que tornaria esses músculos mais suscetíveis a lesões. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

RESUMEN Introducción: El fútbol es el deporte más popular y más practicado en el mundo y se caracteriza por movimientos de alta intensidad. Esta alta demanda induce diversos tipos de lesiones del aparato locomotor y uno de los factores intrínsecos responsables de desencadenar esas lesiones es el desequilibrio muscular, que puede ocurrir entre los miembros o entre grupos musculares de una misma extremidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento muscular entre los grupos flexores y extensores de la rodilla de ambas extremidades en atletas profesionales de fútbol. Métodos: Se realizaron evaluaciones isocinéticas en 18 atletas profesionales de fútbol, con promedio de edad de 26,9 ± 3,6 años e índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio de 23,9 ± 1,7 kg/m2. El protocolo del ensayo consistió en cinco contracciones concéntricas de flexión y extensión de la rodilla a la velocidad angular de 60º/s, 15 contracciones a 180º/s y 30 contracciones a 300º/s, en ambas extremidades. La prueba t pareada se utilizó para verificar la razón del par de torsión, potencia y fatiga de flexores y extensores de la rodilla dominante y no dominante. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa entre las extremidades evaluadas en lo que se refiere a la dominancia (p > 0,05). Con respecto a la razón de par entre flexores y extensores, se observaron valores por debajo de lo que se considera normal para esta población, además de un mayor índice de fatiga en el grupo flexor cuando se compara con el grupo extensor de la rodilla. Conclusión: No se observó un mejor desempeño en la extremidad dominante, sugiriendo que, aunque hay preferencia del uso de esa extremidad, esto no caracteriza necesariamente un mejor rendimiento. Los datos también revelaron un desequilibrio en la capacidad de producción de par de torsión entre el grupo flexor y extensor de la rodilla, con una razón desfavorable para los isquiotibiales, además de un mayor índice de fatiga en ese grupo, lo que haría que esos músculos fueran más susceptibles a las lesiones. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.

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RESUMO Introdução: A atividade física deve ser parte fundamental de programas de promoção da saúde. No entanto, sua realização pode expor o indivíduo a riscos de lesão, o que torna necessária a adoção de medidas preventivas como o aquecimento, com o intuito de minimizar os riscos e/ou contribuir para o melhor desempenho funcional. Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar o efeito agudo de diferentes tempos de aquecimento sobre flexibilidade, equilíbrio e desempenho funcional em indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Método: Trinta e dois homens saudáveis que realizavam exercício regularmente pelo menos três vezes por semana foram aleatoriamente incluídos em um de quatro grupos (n = 8): G0 (sem aquecimento), G5 (aquecimento por cinco min.), G10 (aquecimento por dez min.) e G15 (aquecimento por quinze min.). Os indivíduos foram avaliados antes e depois da intervenção nas seguintes variáveis: flexibilidade do reto femoral (RF) e dos isquiotibiais (IT), equilíbrio corporal com olhos abertos e fechados e desempenho funcional por meio dos testes de salto triplo horizontal (STH) e shuttle run (SR). O aquecimento foi realizado numa esteira ergométrica entre 70% e 80% da frequência cardíaca máxima estimada para idade. Resultado: Não houve diferenças significativas na flexibilidade e no equilíbrio nas comparações intra e intergrupos (p > 0,05). Contudo, houve melhora significativa do desempenho funcional somente no G10 na comparação intragrupo para as variáveis STH (de 5,88 ± 0,55 para 6,23 ± 0,66; p = 0,0051) e SR (de 4,72 ± 0,13 para 4,61 ± 0,13; p= 0,0194). Conclusão: O aquecimento durante 10 minutos parece melhorar o desempenho funcional em indivíduos ativos, podendo também ser uma alternativa viável para a prevenção de lesão.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical activity should be a fundamental part of health promotion programs. However, its performance can expose the individual to risk of injury, which makes it necessary to adopt preventive measures such as warm-up (WU) in order to minimize risks and/or contribute to better functional performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effect of different warm-up times on flexibility, balance, and functional performance in physically active individuals. Method: Thirty two healthy men, who exercise regularly at least three times a week, were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=8): G0 (without WU), G5 (WU for 5 min), G10 (WU for 10 min), and G15 (WU for 15 min). The subjects were assessed before and after the intervention on the following variables: flexibility of the rectus femoris (RF) and hamstrings (HM) muscles, body balance with open and close eyes and functional performance through triple horizontal jump (THJ) and shuttle run (SR) tests. The WU was carried out on a treadmill between 70% and 80% estimated maximum heart rate for age. Results: There were no significant differences in flexibility and balance in intra and intergroup comparisons (p>0.05). However, there was a significant improvement in functional performance only in G10 in the intragroup comparison for THJ variables (5.88±0.55 to 6.23±0.66; p=0.0051) and SR variables (4.72±0.13 to 4.61±0.13; p=0.0194) variables. Conclusion: Warm-up for 10 minutes seems to improve functional performance in active individuals, and may be a viable alternative for injury preventions.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física debe ser parte fundamental de los programas de promoción de la salud. Sin embargo, su realización puede exponer al individuo a riesgos de lesión, lo que hace necesaria la adopción de medidas preventivas como el calentamiento con el fin de minimizar los riesgos y/o contribuir para el mejor desempeño funcional. Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo de diferentes tiempos de calentamiento sobre flexibilidad, equilibrio y desempeño funcional en individuos físicamente activos. Método: Treinta y dos hombres sanos que hacen ejercicio regularmente por lo menos tres veces por semana fueron incluidos aleatoriamente en uno de cuatro grupos (n = 8): G0 (sin calentamiento), G5 (calentamiento por cinco minutos), G10 (calentamiento por diez minutos) y G15 (calentamiento por quince minutos). Los individuos fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención en las siguientes variables: flexibilidad del recto femoral (RF) y de los isquiotibiales (IT), equilibrio corporal con ojos abiertos y cerrados y desempeño funcional por medio de las pruebas de salto triple horizontal (STH) y shuttle run (SR). El calentamiento se realizó en una cinta rodante entre el 70% y el 80% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima estimada para la edad. Resultado: No hubo diferencias significativas en la flexibilidad y el equilibrio en las comparaciones intra e intergrupos (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, hubo una mejora significativa en el desempeño funcional sólo en el G10 en la comparación intragrupo para las variables STH (de 5,88 ± 0,55 a 6,23 ± 0,66, p = 0,0051) y SR (de 4,72 ± 0,13 a 4,61 ± 0,13, p = 0,0194). Conclusión : El calentamiento durante 10 minutos parece mejorar el desempeño funcional en individuos activos, pudiendo también ser una alternativa viable para la prevención de lesión.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A preparação para a atividade esportiva frequentemente envolve aquecimento e/ou alongamento, no intuito de prevenir lesões e/ou melhorar o desempenho. No entanto, a maneira como essas práticas podem interferir nos mecanismos neuromusculares de controle articular não é clara. OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito imediato do alongamento e do aquecimento, isolados ou associados, no tempo de latência muscular (TLM) e na amplitude de ativação dos isquiotibiais, após perturbações repentinas da articulação do joelho. MÉTODOS: Sessenta voluntários do sexo feminino (média de idade de 22,3 ± 1,7 anos e IMC 21,4 ± 1,3 kg/cm2) foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: (1) controle, (2) aquecimento, (3) alongamento, (4) aquecimento + alongamento. A atividade elétrica dos isquiotibiais foi captada por eletromiografia de superfície durante uma perturbação súbita do joelho. Um eletrogoniômetro detectou o início da variação angular, enquanto os eletrodos captaram o início e a amplitude da atividade muscular antes e após as intervenções. Como procedimento estatístico utilizou-se ANOVA two-way e post-hoc de Tukey, considerando-se como nível de significância p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: O TLM do bíceps femoral e do semitendíneo foi reduzido nos grupos 3 (p = 0,048 e 0,027, respectivamente) e 4 (p = 0,026 e 0,039, respectivamente). Não houve alteração significativa da amplitude de ativação muscular nos grupos avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que, embora não tenham sido observadas alterações na amplitude eletromiográfica, o alongamento passivo e estático, utilizado de forma isolada ou associado ao aquecimento, promoveu uma redução do TLM dos isquiotibiais. ...

INTRODUCTION: The preparation for sports activities often involves warm-up and/or stretching in order to prevent injuries and/or improve performance. However, how these practices may interfere with neuromuscular mechanisms of joint control is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the immediate effect of stretching and warm-up exercises, alone or combined, on muscle latency time (MLT) and hamstrings activation amplitude after sudden knee joint disturbances. METHODS: Sixty female volunteers (mean age 22.3±1.7 years, BMI 21.4±1.3kg/cm2) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) control, (2) warm-up, (3) stretching, (4) warm-up + stretching. Hamstrings electrical activity was recorded by surface electromyography during a sudden knee disturbance. An electrogoniometer detected the onset of angular variation, while electrodes recorded the onset and amplitude of muscle activity before and after interventions. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey were used in statistical analysis, considering a significance level of p<0.05. RESULTS: The MLT of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles was reduced in groups 3 (p=0.048 and 0.027, respectively), and 4 (p=0.026 and 0.039, respectively). There was no significant change in the amplitude of muscle activation amplitude in the evaluated groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that although no changes in electromyographic amplitude were observed, static and passive stretching used alone or in combination with warm-up, caused a reduction in the hamstrings MLT. This reduction may prove to be a protective factor for muscle and joint injuries, after a sudden disturbance, such as those that occur in sports. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: La preparación para la actividad deportiva frecuentemente vincula calentamiento y/o alongamiento, con la intención de prevenir lesiones y/o mejorar el desempeño. Mientras tanto, la manera en cómo esas prácticas pueden interferir en los mecanismos neuromusculares de control articular no es clara. OBJETIVO: Analizar el efecto inmediato del alongamiento y del calentamiento, aislados o asociados, en el tiempo delatencia muscular (TLM) y en la amplitud de activación de los isquiotibiales, después de perturbaciones repentinas de la articulación de la rodilla. MÉTODOS: Sesenta voluntarias del sexo femenino (promedio de edad de 22,3 ± 1,7 años e IMC 21,4 ± 1,3 kg/cm2) fueron divididas aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: (1) control, (2) calentamiento, (3) alongamiento, (4) calentamiento + alongamiento. La actividad eléctrica de los isquiotibiales fue captada por electromiografía de superficie durante una perturbación súbita de la rodilla. Un electrogoniómetro detectó el inicio de la variación angular, mientras que los electrodos captaron el inicio y la amplitud de la actividad muscular antes y después de las intervenciones. Como procedimiento estadístico se usó ANOVA two-way y post-hoc de Tukey, considerándose como nivel de significancia p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: El TLM del bíceps femoral y del semitendíneo fue reducido en los grupos 3 (p = 0,048 y 0,027, respectivamente) y 4 (p = 0,026 y 0,039, respectivamente). No hubo alteración significativa de la amplitud de activación muscular en los grupos evaluados. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos del presente estudio sugieren que, aunque no hayan sido observadas alteraciones en la amplitud electromiográfica, el alongamiento pasivo y estático, utilizado de forma aislada o asociado al calentamiento, promovió una reducción del ...

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to analyze the immediate effects of applying Kinesio Taping(®) (KT) on the neuromuscular performance of femoral quadriceps, postural balance and lower limb function in healthy subjects. This is a randomized, blind, controlled, clinical trial, where sixty female volunteers (age: 23.3 ± 2.5 years; BMI: 22.2 ± 2.1 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to three groups of 20 subjects each: control (10 min at rest); nonelastic adhesive tape (application over the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles); and KT (KT application over the same muscles). All individuals were assessed for single and triple hops, postural balance (by baropodometry), peak concentric and eccentric torque and electromyographic activity of vastus lateralis, before and after interventions. No significant differences in electromyographic activity of the VL or concentric and eccentric knee peak torque were recorded, between groups and initial and final assessment in any of the three groups. We also observed no significant alteration in single and triple-hop distance and one-footed static balance between the three groups. Application of KT to RF, VL and VM muscles did not significantly change lower limb function, postural balance, knee extensor peak torque or electromyographic activity of VL muscle in healthy women.

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