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BACKGROUND: The New World screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is widely distributed across South America. This parasitic insect is a significant cause of primary myiasis in animals, including dogs. There is an urgent need for a rapid and efficient treatment to improve the recovery of affected animals. In the present study we evaluated the potential of lotilaner for the treatment of myiasis caused by C. hominivorax larvae in naturally infested dogs. Lotilaner belongs to the isoxazoline class of chemical compounds and is marketed as Credelio™ for use against ticks and fleas in dogs and cats. METHODS: Eleven dogs with naturally acquired myiasis were enrolled in this study based on the severity of lesions and the number of identified larvae. All animals received a single oral administration of lotilaner at a minimum dose of 20.5 mg/kg body weight. After treatment, the number of expelled larvae, live or dead, was determined at 2, 6 and 24 h, and the larval expulsion rate, larvicidal effect and overall efficacy were calculated. After 24 h, the remaining larvae were removed, counted and identified. The lesions were cleaned, and palliative treatment was administered when necessary, according to the animal's health status. RESULTS: All larvae were identified as C. hominivorax. The larval expulsion rate was 80.5% and 93.0% at 2 and 6 h post-treatment, respectively. Lotilaner showed an overall efficacy of 100% at 24 h post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Lotilaner demonstrated a rapid onset of action and a high efficacy against C. hominivorax. We therefore recommend lotilaner for the effective treatment of myiasis in dogs.
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Doenças do Gato , Dípteros , Doenças do Cão , Miíase , Cães , Animais , Gatos , Calliphoridae , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Miíase/tratamento farmacológico , Miíase/veterinária , LarvaRESUMO
Background: Hydrodissection is a minimally invasive procedure that consists of injecting fluid into an anatomical space to facilitate dissection during surgery. Although this procedure is employed in several areas of veterinary medicine, including ophthalmology, there are no reports of the use of this maneuver in conjunctival procedures in dogs. The use of this technique can facilitate the construction of conjunctival pedicle flaps, thereby improving the results. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of hydrodissection in the construction of conjunctival pedicle flaps in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: The sample consisted of 20 eyes from 10 healthy dogs that had been subjected to elective surgical procedures of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy. The dogs were divided into 2 groups; the 1st group of 10 eyes underwent hydrodissection and the 2nd group of 10 eyes did not. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and assessment of their systemic conditions. The patients were then anesthetized and the procedures were performed under a surgical microscope. In the group subjected to hydrodissection, the conjunctival flap was prepared by means of a previous subconjunctival injection of 0.7 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, followed by preparation of the flap. In the group without hydrodissection, the flap was prepared by means of conventional divulsion using iris scissors. After producing the conjunctival flaps, a conjunctival fragment was collected from both groups for histological analysis and evaluation of the presence of the Tenon capsule. The operating time, degree of hemorrhage and ease of handling the conjunctiva in the intraoperative period were evaluated. Postoperative evaluations were performed at 1, 7 and 14 days after surgery and included: blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, which were classified as absent, mild, moderate or severe; tear production was evaluated using the Schirmer test, and the appearance of the conjunctival scar was assessed based on photographs taken in the postoperative period, and by a visual analogue scale, with healing classified as fair, good or excellent. The 2 groups showed no statistical difference in terms of operating time, bleeding, ease of handling and conjunctival divulsion. A volume of 0.48 ± 0.12 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride was administered to the conjunctiva. Postoperative assessments of hyperemia, blepharospasm, conjunctival edema, and tear production also did not differ statistically. Conjunctival scarring was considered optimal until the 14th postoperative day, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. These results demonstrate that both maneuvers are effective in creating conjunctival flaps. The Tenon capsule could not be identified in histological stains. Discussion: The literature offers numerous descriptions of the use of hydrodissection in surgical procedures in humans in order to facilitate dissection and reduce surgical duration and handling, thereby improving the clinical recovery of patients. Conversely, this technique has not been described frequently in veterinary medicine, notably with respect to conjunctival procedures. In this study, we demonstrated that conjunctival hydrodissection was perfectly feasible, contributing to the divulsion and preparation of conjunctival flaps, thus proving to be a viable option for this type of procedure. The absence of the Tenon capsule in the evaluated samples demonstrates that, in both groups, the techniques were effective in separating them from the conjunctiva. It was therefore concluded that the hydrodissection technique is a feasible maneuver in the construction of conjunctival flaps, providing a new option for surgeons, especially for novice ophthalmologists.
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Animais , Cães , Retalhos Cirúrgicos/veterinária , Úlcera da Córnea/cirurgia , Dissecação/métodos , Dissecação/veterinária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodosRESUMO
Background and Aim: Hydrodissection is a liquid injection technique that is rarely used in animal ophthalmic procedures. The use of this technique in the creation of conjunctival flaps for the treatment of corneal ulcers in dogs can improve the outcome, task, and comfort for patients. This study aimed to evaluate the use of hydrodissection in the creation of conjunctival flaps in dogs with corneal ulcers. Materials and Methods: This study focused on a surgical procedure for creating conjunctival flaps in the eyes of 17 dogs with deep corneal ulcers. We divided the patients into two groups: Hydrodissection was performed in the first group (G1) and conventional divulsion without hydrodissection in the second group (G2). In G1, the conjunctival flap was created by subconjunctival injection of 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, followed by flap construction. The flap was constructed through conventional divulsion using iris scissors in the G2. The operative time, degree of bleeding, and ease of conjunctival divulsion were evaluated during the procedure. Blepharospasm, hyperemia, edema, and scarring of the conjunctiva were evaluated during the post-operative period. Post-operative complications, notably suture dehiscence, were recorded in each group. Results: Hydrodissection is an easy-to-perform maneuver that optimizes the construction of conjunctival flaps. There were no statistical differences in the parameters used to evaluate the trans- and post-operative period between the groups. The volume of sodium chloride administered in the conjunctiva ranged from 0.5 mL to 1 mL in G1. Dehiscence of the flap sutures was observed in four patients (two in G1 and two in G2), with no significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: Hydrodissection facilitates the construction of conjunctival flaps in dogs with corneal ulcers, affording greater comfort to patients and proving to be an excellent option for ophthalmologists.
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ABSTRACT: This study examined the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone-loaded device for the control of postoperative ocular inflammation in dogs following phacoemulsification. Twenty dogs with bilateral mature senile cataracts were prepared for surgery using routine protocols. A biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer device was inserted through the pars plana into the vitreous chamber immediately before phacoemulsification (device group [DG], n=20). Following surgery, a conventional group (CG) received local and systemic steroids, mydriatics, and antibiotic therapy. The same treatment protocol was adopted in DG, except for steroids. All eyes were examined before surgery and at various times after phacoemulsification. Ultrasonography showed gradual device shrinkage, with only remnants remaining at postoperative day (POD) 60. Signs of uveitis were observed in 35% of the DG on POD 7, but by POD 14, 50% of eyes showed signs of uveitis and these eyes required local steroid therapy. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in the DG than in the CG immediately after surgery. IOP did not differ on POD 7 and POD 14, but was lower during the late postoperative period (POD 30 to 90). Flare values were greater in the DG than in the CG immediately following surgery, but showed no subsequent differences. In summary, the intravitreal dexamethasone device did not adequately control intraocular inflammation in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.
RESUMO: O estudo examinou a eficácia de um dispositivo intravítreo de liberação de dexametasona para o controle da inflamação ocular em cães, após facoemulsificação. Um dispositivo de copolímero poli (ácido lático-co-glicólico) foi implantado via pars plana na câmera vítrea, imediatamente antes da facoemulsificação (grupo dispositivo [GD], n=20). Após a cirurgia, o grupo controle (GC) recebeu terapia esteroide, midriático e antibiótico. O mesmo protocolo de tratamento foi adotado no GD, exceto pelos esteroides. Todos os olhos foram examinados antes do procedimento e em diferentes tempos após a facoemulsificação. A ultrassonografia mostrou que o dispositivo diminuiu em tamanho, sendo observado, apenas, remanescentes aos 60 dias de pós-operatório (DPO). Sinais de uveíte foram observados em 35% do GD no DPO 7, entretanto, no DPO 14, 50% dos olhos tiveram sinais de uveíte e requereram terapia esteroide local. A pressão intraocular (PIO) foi maior no GD, comparativamente ao GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia. A PIO não diferiu no DPO 7 e no DPO 14, entretanto foi menor nos momentos pós-operatórios mais tardios (DPO 30 a 90). Valores de flare foram maiores no GD que no GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia, mas não mostraram diferenças nos momentos subsequentes. Em suma, o dispositivo intravítreo de dexametasona não controlou adequadamente a inflamação intraocular em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.
RESUMO: Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.(AU)
Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Transplante de Córnea/veterinária , Transplantes , Omento , Âmnio , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the clinical and microscopic effects in rabbits of lamellar keratoplasty using allogeneic omentum associated with canine amniotic membrane (AM). Rabbits were divided into two groups: one received the allogeneic free omental graft covered with the AM (OM-graft group), while the other received the AM graft containing omental mesenchymal cells (OM-cell group). Clinical signs were evaluated on different postoperative days. After the clinical assessments, the rabbits were euthanized and their corneas were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, marker for proliferation). Both groups showed chemosis, blepharospasm, eye discharge, hyperemia, and corneal opacity/edema. Neovascularization was observed in the OM-cell group. Histopathological evaluation revealed epithelial islands within the stroma of OM-cell samples. Thirty days after surgery, complete corneal re-epithelialization had occurred in both groups. The OM-cell group showed more Ki-67 positive cells. The free omentum and its cells, combined with the AM, contributed to corneal repair, a process that was completed 30 days after lamellar keratoplasty.
Objetivou-se, com a pesquisa, avaliar os efeitos clínicos e microscópicos da associação do omento de coelho com a membrana amniótica (AM) canina, na ceratoplastia lamelar em coelhos. Dois grupos foram constituídos: um recebeu enxerto de omento alógeno livre, recoberto por AM (grupo OM- graft); o outro recebeu enxerto de AM contendo células mesenquimais derivadas do omento (grupo OM-cell). Manifestações clínicas foram avaliadas em diferentes tempos de pós-operatórios. Após as avaliações clínicas, coelhos foram submetidos à eutanásia e córneas foram colhidas para histopatologia e imunohistoquímica (Ki-67, marcador de proliferação). Relativamente às manifestações clínicas, ambos os grupos apresentaram sinais de quemose, blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, hiperemia e opacidade/edema. Neovascularização foi observada no grupo OM-cell. Avaliações à histopatologia mostraram que uma amostra de OM-cell apresentou ilhas de epitélio dentro do estroma. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, observou-se reepitelização corneal completa, em OM-graft e OM-cell. O grupo OM-cell apresentou mais células positivas para Ki-67. O omento livre e suas células, associados à AM, contribuíram para a reparação corneal, que se completou após 30 dias de ceratoplastia lamelar.
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Animais , Coelhos , Omento , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos/veterinária , Transplante de Córnea/veterinária , Transplantes , ÂmnioRESUMO
Background: The Crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a nocturnal mammal and lives in savannah, but loss of their natural habitat makes increase cases of traffic accidents on the roads. A growing number of wildlife are treated in veterinary hospitals, but we have some limitation about the correct interpretation of the diagnostic test, specially because, even the tests were not described. Myelography is a radiographic technique indicated for compressive lesions of the spinal cord that are not seen on plain radiographs. The present report aims to describe, for the first time, a lumbar myelogram performed in a paraplegic crab-eating raccoon after it suffer a traffic trauma. Case: A free living adult, 8-kg, female raccoon was presenting acute paraplegia and swelling in the region of the left humerus was referred at veterinary hospital. The patient was alert and aggressive, good body score and no signs of active bleeding. The animal temper did not allow approaching it; therefore, physical and neurological examinations were not feasible. The raccoon was tranquilized (1.6 mL of nilperidol® intramuscular), anesthetized (propofol, dose-effect intravenous) and tracheal intubation to provide oxygen and the patient was monitored continuously, followed by referred for radiology service. The simple radiograph showed a complete transverse fracture in the humerus and compression [...](AU)
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Animais , Mielografia/veterinária , Região Lombossacral , Guaxinins/lesões , Animais Selvagens/lesões , Animais Selvagens/cirurgiaRESUMO
This study examined the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone-loaded device for the control of postoperative ocular inflammation in dogs following phacoemulsification. Twenty dogs with bilateral mature senile cataracts were prepared for surgery using routine protocols. A biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer device was inserted through the pars plana into the vitreous chamber immediately before phacoemulsification (device group [DG], n=20). Following surgery, a conventional group (CG) received local and systemic steroids, mydriatics, and antibiotic therapy. The same treatment protocol was adopted in DG, except for steroids. All eyes were examined before surgery and at various times after phacoemulsification. Ultrasonography showed gradual device shrinkage, with only remnants remaining at postoperative day (POD) 60. Signs of uveitis were observed in 35% of the DG on POD 7, but by POD 14, 50% of eyes showed signs of uveitis and these eyes required local steroid therapy. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in the DG than in the CG immediately after surgery. IOP did not differ on POD 7 and POD 14, but was lower during the late postoperative period (POD 30 to 90). Flare values were greater in the DG than in the CG immediately following surgery, but showed no subsequent differences. In summary, the intravitreal dexamethasone device did not adequately control intraocular inflammation in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.(AU)
O estudo examinou a eficácia de um dispositivo intravítreo de liberação de dexametasona para o controle da inflamação ocular em cães, após facoemulsificação. Um dispositivo de copolímero poli (ácido lático-co-glicólico) foi implantado via pars plana na câmera vítrea, imediatamente antes da facoemulsificação (grupo dispositivo [GD], n=20). Após a cirurgia, o grupo controle (GC) recebeu terapia esteroide, midriático e antibiótico. O mesmo protocolo de tratamento foi adotado no GD, exceto pelos esteroides. Todos os olhos foram examinados antes do procedimento e em diferentes tempos após a facoemulsificação. A ultrassonografia mostrou que o dispositivo diminuiu em tamanho, sendo observado, apenas, remanescentes aos 60 dias de pós-operatório (DPO). Sinais de uveíte foram observados em 35% do GD no DPO 7, entretanto, no DPO 14, 50% dos olhos tiveram sinais de uveíte e requereram terapia esteroide local. A pressão intraocular (PIO) foi maior no GD, comparativamente ao GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia. A PIO não diferiu no DPO 7 e no DPO 14, entretanto foi menor nos momentos pós-operatórios mais tardios (DPO 30 a 90). Valores de flare foram maiores no GD que no GC, imediatamente após a cirurgia, mas não mostraram diferenças nos momentos subsequentes. Em suma, o dispositivo intravítreo de dexametasona não controlou adequadamente a inflamação intraocular em cães submetidos à facoemulsificação.(AU)
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Animais , Cães , Facoemulsificação/veterinária , Injeções Intravítreas/veterinária , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/veterinária , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: The Crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a nocturnal mammal and lives in savannah, but loss of their natural habitat makes increase cases of traffic accidents on the roads. A growing number of wildlife are treated in veterinary hospitals, but we have some limitation about the correct interpretation of the diagnostic test, specially because, even the tests were not described. Myelography is a radiographic technique indicated for compressive lesions of the spinal cord that are not seen on plain radiographs. The present report aims to describe, for the first time, a lumbar myelogram performed in a paraplegic crab-eating raccoon after it suffer a traffic trauma. Case: A free living adult, 8-kg, female raccoon was presenting acute paraplegia and swelling in the region of the left humerus was referred at veterinary hospital. The patient was alert and aggressive, good body score and no signs of active bleeding. The animal temper did not allow approaching it; therefore, physical and neurological examinations were not feasible. The raccoon was tranquilized (1.6 mL of nilperidol® intramuscular), anesthetized (propofol, dose-effect intravenous) and tracheal intubation to provide oxygen and the patient was monitored continuously, followed by referred for radiology service. The simple radiograph showed a complete transverse fracture in the humerus and compression [...]
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Animais , Guaxinins/lesões , Mielografia/veterinária , Região Lombossacral , Animais Selvagens/cirurgia , Animais Selvagens/lesõesRESUMO
PURPOSES: To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine 1% on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and opioid growth factor (OGF) in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. METHODS: The rabbits were assigned to two groups: group nalbuphine (GN, n=30), which received 30 µL of nalbuphine 1% in 4 daily applications at regular intervals until corneal epithelialization, and group control (GC, n=30), which received physiological saline solution under the same conditions adopted in GN. The corneas were collected for immunohistochemistry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after lamellar keratectomy, and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF were analyzed. RESULTS: The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased until day 5 of the evaluation, with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). On days 7 and 9, significant reductions were observed in the expression of MMP-1 (p<0.01), with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). The expression of OGF was constant in all periods (p>0.05), restricted to the corneal epithelium, and there was no difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study results showed that nalbuphine 1% did not alter the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy.
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Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Epitélio Corneano/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Nalbufina/farmacologia , Receptores Opioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Animais , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Substância Própria/patologia , Epitélio Corneano/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Modelos Animais , Nalbufina/administração & dosagem , Coelhos , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Refrativos/métodosRESUMO
Ocular surface diseases are often diagnosed in brachycephalic dogs. The ophthalmic parameters of the Shih Tzu dogs are evaluated in this study since this breed is among the most commonly affected by these diseases. In this study, ophthalmic parameters of this breed were partly studied under physical restraint. Schirmer tear test, breakup time test, aesthesiometry, biomicroscopy, non-contact specular microscopy, laser flaremetry, applanation tonometry, ultrasonography and ophthalmoscopy were carried in 48 eyes of 24 male and female dogs, aged from two to four years, weighing between 5 and 10kg. All dogs were from a breeding kennel. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Mean and standard error for Schirmer tear test was 26.145±0.803mm min-1; breakup time test, 13.668±0.538s; and aesthesiometry, 2.395±0.071cm. The biomicroscopy evaluation showed that 70.83% of the eyes had medial entropion; 42% caruncular trichiasis; 33% distichiasis, 27% mild paracentral corneal opacity; and 13% corneal melanosis. Mean and standard error for endothelial cell density was 2221.591±20.161cells mm-2; endothelial cell hexagonality, 63.770±1.805%; endothelial cell area, 451.895±4.179mm2; central corneal thickness, 0.490±0.007 mm; laser flaremetry, 1.720±0.216PC ms-1; applanation tonometry, 16.118±0.460mmHg; axial length, 20.255±0.134mm; lens thickness, 6.624±0.031mm; anterior chamber, 4.064±0.109mm; and vitreous chamber, 9.565±0.054mm. Ophthalmoscopy findings were not different from previous reports for other breeds. The results showed that the ophthalmic Shih Tzu parameters did not differ from other breeds according to data in the literature, except for the breakup time and Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry.
Afecções da superfície ocular são frequentes em cães braquicefálicos. Dentre as raças comumente acometidas, tem-se a Shih Tzu, cujos parâmetros oftálmicos não são conhecidos em sua plenitude e o foram, em parte, avaliados nesta pesquisa. Sob contenção física, empregou-se o teste lacrimal de Schirmer, o de ruptura do filme lacrimal, a estesiometria, a biomicroscopia, a microscopia especular de não contato, a flaremetria a laser, a tonometria de aplanação, a ecografia e a oftalmoscopia. Foram estudados 48 olhos de 24 indivíduos machos ou fêmeas, com idades variando entre dois a quatro anos e peso entre cinco a 10kg. Aos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. Relativamente às médias e aos erros padrão, encontraram-se, quanto ao teste lacrimal de Schirmer, 26,145±0,803mm min-1 e, quanto à ruptura do filme lacrimal, 13,668±0,538s. À estesiometria, encontraram-se 2,395±0,071cm. À biomicroscopia, observaram-se 70,83% dos olhos com entrópio de canto medial, 42% apresentaram pelos em carúncula medial, 33% distiquíase, 27% opacidade paracentral e 13% melanose corneal. Médias e erros padrão, no que concerne à densidade de células endoteliais, foram de 2221,591±20,161céls mm-2. Quanto à hexagonalidade, foram de 63,770±1,805%; quanto à área, foram de 451,895±4,179mm2; em relação à espessura corneal, foram de 0,490±0,007mm. À flaremetria a "laser", encontraram-se 1,720±0,216PC ms-1. À tonometria, 16,118±0,460mmHg. As médias e os erros padrão, à ultrassonografia, foram de 20,255±0,134mm para diâmetro axial horizontal; de 6,624±0,031mm, para espessura da lente; de 4,064±0,109mm, para profundidade da câmara anterior; e de 9,565±0,054mm, para a câmara vítrea. O padrão de imagens à oftalmoscopia não divergiu do já reportado em cães de outras raças. De consoante com os resultados obtidos, há como admitir que parâmetros de referência para cães adultos da raça Shih Tzu, estudados na presente pesquisa, não divergiram sobremaneira dos conhecidos para outras raças de cães, à exceção do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, cujos valores ficaram aquém da média para a espécie, e os da estesiometria de Cochet-Bonnet, que foram superiores.
RESUMO
Ocular surface diseases are often diagnosed in brachycephalic dogs. The ophthalmic parameters of the Shih Tzu dogs are evaluated in this study since this breed is among the most commonly affected by these diseases. In this study, ophthalmic parameters of this breed were partly studied under physical restraint. Schirmer tear test, breakup time test, aesthesiometry, biomicroscopy, non-contact specular microscopy, laser flaremetry, applanation tonometry, ultrasonography and ophthalmoscopy were carried in 48 eyes of 24 male and female dogs, aged from two to four years, weighing between 5 and 10kg. All dogs were from a breeding kennel. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Mean and standard error for Schirmer tear test was 26.145±0.803mm min-1; breakup time test, 13.668±0.538s; and aesthesiometry, 2.395±0.071cm. The biomicroscopy evaluation showed that 70.83% of the eyes had medial entropion; 42% caruncular trichiasis; 33% distichiasis, 27% mild paracentral corneal opacity; and 13% corneal melanosis. Mean and standard error for endothelial cell density was 2221.591±20.161cells mm-2; endothelial cell hexagonality, 63.770±1.805%; endothelial cell area, 451.895±4.179mm2; central corneal thickness, 0.490±0.007 mm; laser flaremetry, 1.720±0.216PC ms-1; applanation tonometry, 16.118±0.460mmHg; axial length, 20.255±0.134mm; lens thickness, 6.624±0.031mm; anterior chamber, 4.064±0.109mm; and vitreous chamber, 9.565±0.054mm. Ophthalmoscopy findings were not different from previous reports for other breeds. The results showed that the ophthalmic Shih Tzu parameters did not differ from other breeds according to data in the literature, except for the breakup time and Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry.(AU)
Afecções da superfície ocular são frequentes em cães braquicefálicos. Dentre as raças comumente acometidas, tem-se a Shih Tzu, cujos parâmetros oftálmicos não são conhecidos em sua plenitude e o foram, em parte, avaliados nesta pesquisa. Sob contenção física, empregou-se o teste lacrimal de Schirmer, o de ruptura do filme lacrimal, a estesiometria, a biomicroscopia, a microscopia especular de não contato, a flaremetria a laser, a tonometria de aplanação, a ecografia e a oftalmoscopia. Foram estudados 48 olhos de 24 indivíduos machos ou fêmeas, com idades variando entre dois a quatro anos e peso entre cinco a 10kg. Aos dados, aplicou-se a estatística descritiva. Relativamente às médias e aos erros padrão, encontraram-se, quanto ao teste lacrimal de Schirmer, 26,145±0,803mm min-1 e, quanto à ruptura do filme lacrimal, 13,668±0,538s. À estesiometria, encontraram-se 2,395±0,071cm. À biomicroscopia, observaram-se 70,83% dos olhos com entrópio de canto medial, 42% apresentaram pelos em carúncula medial, 33% distiquíase, 27% opacidade paracentral e 13% melanose corneal. Médias e erros padrão, no que concerne à densidade de células endoteliais, foram de 2221,591±20,161céls mm-2. Quanto à hexagonalidade, foram de 63,770±1,805%; quanto à área, foram de 451,895±4,179mm2; em relação à espessura corneal, foram de 0,490±0,007mm. À flaremetria a "laser", encontraram-se 1,720±0,216PC ms-1. À tonometria, 16,118±0,460mmHg. As médias e os erros padrão, à ultrassonografia, foram de 20,255±0,134mm para diâmetro axial horizontal; de 6,624±0,031mm, para espessura da lente; de 4,064±0,109mm, para profundidade da câmara anterior; e de 9,565±0,054mm, para a câmara vítrea. O padrão de imagens à oftalmoscopia não divergiu do já reportado em cães de outras raças. De consoante com os resultados obtidos, há como admitir que parâmetros de referência para cães adultos da raça Shih Tzu, estudados na presente pesquisa, não divergiram sobremaneira dos conhecidos para outras raças de cães, à exceção do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, cujos valores ficaram aquém da média para a espécie, e os da estesiometria de Cochet-Bonnet, que foram superiores.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão , Oftalmopatias/veterinária , Oftalmoscopia/veterinária , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Purposes: To evaluate the effects of nalbuphine 1% on the expression of metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and opioid growth factor (OGF) in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. Methods: The rabbits were assigned to two groups: group nalbuphine (GN, n=30), which received 30 µL of nalbuphine 1% in 4 daily applications at regular intervals until corneal epithelialization, and group control (GC, n=30), which received physiological saline solution under the same conditions adopted in GN. The corneas were collected for immunohistochemistry on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 after lamellar keratectomy, and the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF were analyzed. Results: The expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-9 increased until day 5 of the evaluation, with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). On days 7 and 9, significant reductions were observed in the expression of MMP-1 (p<0.01), with no differences observed between GN and GC (p>0.05). The expression of OGF was constant in all periods (p>0.05), restricted to the corneal epithelium, and there was no difference between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The study results showed that nalbuphine 1% did not alter the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-9, and OGF in rabbit corneas after lamellar keratectomy. .
RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da nalbufina 1% sobre a expressão da metaloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), da metaloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) e do fator de crescimento opióide (OGF), em córneas de coelhos submetidas à ceratectomia lamelar. Métodos: Constituíram-se dois grupos: grupo nalbufina (GN, n=30), que recebeu 30 µL de nalbufina 1% em 4 aplicações diárias, a intervalos regulares, até a epitelização corneal; controle (GC, n=30), que recebeu solução salina nas mesmas condições adotadas no GN. As córneas foram colhidas para imuno-histoquímica decorridos 1, 3, 5, 7 e 9 dias das ceratectomias lamelares, visando a se avaliarem as MMP-1, MMP-9 e OGF. Resultados: A expressão das MMP-1 e de MMP-9 se elevou até o quinto dia de avaliação, sem diferença entre GN e GC (p>0,05). Nos dias 7 e 9, observou-se redução significativa na expressão das enzimas (p<0,01), sendo que diferenças não foram observadas entre os grupos (p>0,05). O OGF exibiu imunomarcação constante em todos os períodos (p>0,05), restrita ao epitélio corneal. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Com base dos resultados obtidos, há como admitir que a nalbufina 1% não alterou o padrão de expressão da MMP-1, da MMP-9 e do OGF em córneas de coelhos submetidas à ceratectomia lamelar. .
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Epitélio Corneano/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Nalbufina/farmacologia , Receptores Opioides/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Substância Própria/metabolismo , Substância Própria/patologia , Epitélio Corneano/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Modelos Animais , Metaloproteinase 1 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Nalbufina/administração & dosagem , Receptores Opioides/metabolismo , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Refrativos/métodosRESUMO
PURPOSES: To assess the effects of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine without preservatives on the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 in alkali burn ulcers. METHODS: Twelve eyes of 120-day-old male rabbits were treated (TG) every 6 h with 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine and 12 other eyes were treated with saline solution (CG), immediately after the occurrence of ulcers by 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Re-epithelialization was monitored using fluorescein every 6 h. After 24 h, six corneas (n=6) of each group were collected (M1). The others (n=6) were collected after reepithelialization (M2). At both moments, the inflammatory infiltrate and the conditions of the newly formed epithelium were histologically analyzed. iNOS and MMP-9 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Mean epithelialization time in TG was 55 ± 0.84 h. In CG, it was 44 ± 1.06 h (p=0.001). At M1, corneas of TG had lower inflammatory exudation compared with (p <0.001). At M2, TG revealed discrete inflammatory exudation (p>0.05) and lower numbers of epithelial layers compared with CG. The mean iNOS in stromal cells did not differ in TG over both moments compared with CG (p>0.05) At M2, the central corneal region expressed more iNOS in both groups compared with the peripheral region. No significant differences were observed in iNOS scores of epithelial immunostaining between the groups and across M1 and M2 (p=0.69). Epithelial immunostaining scores for MMP-9 did not differ in TG compared with CG (p=0.69). The average immunostaining score of MMP-9 in stromal cells showed no differences between groups or moments. There was no correlation between immunostaining of iNOS and MMP-9 or between the amount of inflammatory cells and immunostaining of iNOS. CONCLUSIONS: Use of 0.5% keratolac tromethamine reduced inflammation and delayed reepithelialization in a cornea alkali burn model without impacting the expression of iNOS or MMP-9.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Úlcera da Córnea/tratamento farmacológico , Cetorolaco de Trometamina/uso terapêutico , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/efeitos dos fármacos , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Reepitelização/efeitos dos fármacos , Álcalis , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Queimaduras Químicas/tratamento farmacológico , Córnea/efeitos dos fármacos , Córnea/patologia , Úlcera da Córnea/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera da Córnea/patologia , Queimaduras Oculares/induzido quimicamente , Queimaduras Oculares/tratamento farmacológico , Imuno-Histoquímica , Cetorolaco de Trometamina/farmacologia , Masculino , Soluções Oftálmicas/farmacologia , Coelhos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Purposes: To assess the effects of 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine without preservatives on the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 in alkali burn ulcers. Methods: Twelve eyes of 120-day-old male rabbits were treated (TG) every 6 h with 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine and 12 other eyes were treated with saline solution (CG), immediately after the occurrence of ulcers by 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Re-epithelialization was monitored using fluorescein every 6 h. After 24 h, six corneas (n=6) of each group were collected (M1). The others (n=6) were collected after reepithelialization (M2). At both moments, the inflammatory infiltrate and the conditions of the newly formed epithelium were histologically analyzed. iNOS and MMP-9 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Mean epithelialization time in TG was 55 ± 0.84 h. In CG, it was 44 ± 1.06 h (p=0.001). At M1, corneas of TG had lower inflammatory exudation compared with (p <0.001). At M2, TG revealed discrete inflammatory exudation (p>0.05) and lower numbers of epithelial layers compared with CG. The mean iNOS in stromal cells did not differ in TG over both moments compared with CG (p>0.05) At M2, the central corneal region expressed more iNOS in both groups compared with the peripheral region. No significant differences were observed in iNOS scores of epithelial immunostaining between the groups and across M1 and M2 (p=0.69). Epithelial immunostaining scores for MMP-9 did not differ in TG compared with CG (p=0.69). The average immunostaining score of MMP-9 in stromal cells showed no differences between groups or moments. There was no correlation between immunostaining of iNOS and MMP-9 or between the amount of inflammatory cells and immunostaining of iNOS. Conclusions: Use of 0.5% keratolac tromethamine reduced inflammation and delayed reepithelialization in a cornea alkali burn model without impacting the expression of iNOS or MMP-9. .
Objetivos: Avaliarem-se os efeitos do cetorolaco de trometamina 0,5%, sem conservante, sobre a expressão da iNOS e da MMP-9, em córneas com úlceras químicas. Métodos: Doze olhos de coelhos machos, 120 dias de idade, foram tratados (GT ), a cada 6 horas, com o cetorolaco de trometamina 0,5% e outros 12 com solução salina (GC), imediatamente à ocorrência de úlceras por hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) 1 mol/L. A reepitelização foi monitorada por fluresceína a cada seis horas. Decorridas 24 horas, seis córneas (n=6) de cada grupo foram colhidas (primeiro momento). As demais (n=6) o foram após a sua reepitelização (segundo momento). Em ambos os momentos, avaliaram-se o infiltrado inflamatório e as condições do epitélio neoformado (HE). Por imuno-histoquímica, avaliou-se a imunomarcação de iNOS e de MMP-9. Resultados: A média do tempo de epitelização no GT foi de 55 ± 0,84 horas. No GC, ela foi de 44 ± 1,06 horas (p=0,001). Às 24 horas, as córneas do GT apresentaram menor exsudação inflamatória (p<0,01). No segundo momento, o GT mostrou discreta exsudação inflamatória (p>0,05) e menor número de camadas epiteliais comparativamente ao GC. A média de imunomarcação de iNOS em células do estroma não diferiu do GT, em ambos os momentos (p>0,05). No segundo momento, a região central da córnea expressou mais iNOS, comparativamente à periférica, em ambos os grupos. Não se observaram diferenças significativas nos escores de imunomarcação epitelial de iNOS entre os grupos e os momentos (p=0,69). Os escores de imunomarcação epitelial para MMP-9 não diferiram entre os grupos (p=0,69). A média de imunomarcação da MMP-9 em células do estroma não exibiram diferenças entre os grupos e momentos da avaliação (p=0,32). Não houve correlação entre a imunomarcação de iNOS e de MMP-9, assim como quanto ao quantitativo de células inflamatórias e à imunomarcação de iNOS. Conclusões: Cetorolaco 0,5% reduziu a inflamação e atrasou a epitelização na queimadura corneal ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Bases de Dados Factuais/normas , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Benchmarking , Notificação de Doenças/normas , Controle de Infecções , North Carolina/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Vigilância de Evento SentinelaRESUMO
O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.(AU)
This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders. (AU)
El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/veterinária , Limitação da Mobilidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterináriaRESUMO
A instabilidade da articulação atlantoaxial é uma afecção comum entre cães de raça de pequeno porte, e os sinais clínicos desenvolvem-se com menos de dois anos de idade, geralmente são progressivos e o paciente apresenta hiperestesia cervical, ataxia proprioceptiva, e em casos severos paraplegia. A instabilidade pode gerar subluxação dorsal do axis em relação ao atlas, levando a uma lesão medular em diferentes níveis. Alterações congênitas, como ausência ou hipoplasia do processo odontóide e ligamentos, ou traumáticas, como fraturas do processo odontóide e ruptura dos ligamentos estão envolvidas na fisiopatologia da afecção. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado com auxílio de radiografias lateral e ventrodorsal com a região craniocervical em posição neutra. O tratamento clínico é a escolha primária e faz-se o uso de colar cervical por três meses, confinamento e corticosteróides. Exceção a este tratamento são pacientes com apresentação clínica severa ou refratários ao tratamento conservativo, nestes casos indica-se a cirurgia para estabilização por meio de abordagens ventrais ou dorsais. Observou-se que as técnicas cirúrgicas ventrais apresentam maiores índices de sucesso e menores recorrências de recidivas, contudo, as estabilizações cirúrgicas continuam a ser um desafio pela elevada taxa de complicações e óbitos transoperatórios.
The instability of the atlantoaxial joint is a common condition among dogs small breed, and clinical signs are developed under two years of age, are usually progressive and the patient presents cervical hyperesthesia, ataxia proprioceptive, and in severe cases tetraplegia. The instability can generate subluxation dorsal of axis in relation to the atlas, leading to spinal cord injury at different levels. Congenital abnormalities, such as absence or hypoplasia of the odontoid process and ligaments, or traumatic, such as fractures of the odontoid process and rupture of ligaments are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnosis can be performed with the aid of lateral X-rays with the DV region craniocervical in neutral position. Clinical treatment is the primary choice and makes the use of cervical collar for three months confinement and corticosteroids. Exception to this treatment are patients with severe clinical presentation or refractory to conservative treatment in these cases is indicated surgery to stabilize through the ventral or dorsal approaches. It was observed that the ventral surgical techniques have higher success rates and lower recurrence of relapse, however, surgical stabilization remains a challenge due to high rate of intraoperative complications and death.
La inestabilidad de la articulación atlantoaxial es una condición común entre los perros de raza pequeña, y los signos clínicos se desarrollan bajo dos años de edad, son por lo general progresiva y el paciente hiperestesia cervical, ataxia propioceptiva, y en casos severos tetraplejia. La inestabilidad puede generar eje dorsal subluxación en relación con el atlas, lo que lleva a una lesión de la médula espinal en los diferentes niveles. Anomalías congénitas, tales como ausencia o hipoplasia de la apófisis odontoides y ligamentos, o traumática, tales como fracturas de la apófisis odontoides y la rotura de los ligamentos están implicados en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. El diagnóstico se puede realizar con la ayuda de los rayos X en la región lateral VD craneocervical en posición de punto muerto. El tratamiento clínico es la elección primaria y hace que el uso del collarín cervical durante tres meses de confinamiento y corticosteroides. Excepción a este tratamiento son los pacientes con presentación clínica grave o refractario al tratamiento conservador en estos casos la cirugía está indicada para estabilizar a través de los enfoques ventral o dorsal. Se observó que las técnicas quirúrgicas ventrales tienen mayores tasas de éxito y menor recurrencia de recaídas, sin embargo, la estabilización quirúrgica sigue siendo un desafío debido a la alta tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias y muertes.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Articulação Atlantoaxial/cirurgia , Articulação Atlantoaxial/fisiopatologia , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Luxações Articulares/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
O artigo descreve um caso de papiloma de plexo coróide (PPC) em cão da raça chow-chow, macho, com quatro anos de idade, o qual apresentou quadro crônico e progressivo de dificuldade de deambulação e dor cervical durante cerca de sete semanas. O paciente teve manifestações vestibulares e cerebelares progressivas. Exames pós-morte revelaram massa hemorrágica, assimétrica, não encapsulada em plexo coróide do quarto ventrículo, com extensão para ângulo cerebelo pontinomedular e segmentos cervicais craniais, caracterizada como PPC por avaliação histopatológica. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever a ocorrência de PPC, uma afecção raramente diagnosticada, bem como reafirmar a importância de incluir neoplasias intracranianas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jovens com alterações neurológicas.
This article describes a case of choroid plexus papilloma in a four-year-old male chow-chow that presented a seven-week-Iong history of chronic and progressive incoordination and neck pain. Neurologic examination disclosed progressive cerebellar and vestibular manifestations. Postmortem examination revealed a non-encapsulated asymmetric hemorrhagic mass situated within the fourth ventricle, which expanded towards the cerebellum and cranial spinal cord segments. The neoplasm was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) by histopathological evaluation. The present report aims to describe the occurrence of CPP, which is uncommonly diagnosed, and to reaffirm the importance of including intracranial neoplasms in the differential diagnosis of young patients with neurological disorders.
El presente artículo describe un caso de papiloma de plexo coroideo (PPC) en un perro Chow Chow macho de cuatro años, que se presentó con un cuadro crónico y progresivo de dificultad para deambular y dolor cervical de aproximadamente siete semanas de evolución. El paciente presentó signos vestibulares y cerebelares progresivos. Los exámenes post mortem mostraron la presencia de una masa hemorrágica, asimétrica y no capsulada en el plexo coroideo del cuarto ventrículo, que se extendía hasta el ángulo cerebelo-ponte-medular y segmentos cervicales craneales, que fue caracterizado como un papiloma de plexo coroideo en el examen histopatológico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir este tipo de neoplasia, de diagnóstico inusual, así como también reafirmar la importancia de incluir a las masas intracraneanas en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes jóvenes con alteraciones neurológicas.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/diagnóstico , Papiloma do Plexo Corióideo/veterinária , Limitação da Mobilidade , Neoplasias Encefálicas/veterináriaRESUMO
Rupturas traqueais são afecções incomuns na clínica de pequenos animais, no entanto, representam potencial risco de morte aos animais afetados. Este relato objetiva descrever um caso de ruptura traumáticade traqueia cervical, secundária a mordedura em um cão Teckel, macho, com sete anos de idade. Ascomplicações decorrentes da ruptura traqueal foram enfisema subcutâneo generalizado e taquipneia.Como tratamento, realizou-se cirurgia exploratória da região cervical e, depois de identificado o orifício,optou-se pela sutura traqueal com náilon em padrão simples interrompidos. Conclui-se neste caso que o tratamento cirúrgico para ruptura traqueal com traqueorrafia obteve excelentes resultados, sem qualquercomplicação pós-cirúrgica.(AU)
Tracheal ruptures are uncommon in clinical disorders of small animals, however represent potentiallylife threatening to animals affected. The objective is to describe a case of traumatic rupture ofthe cervical trachea secondary to dog bite in a Dachshund male with seven years old. The complicationsof tracheal rupture were general subcutaneous emphysema and tachypnea. The treatmentwas an exploratory surgery of the cervical region and the surgical procedure used was directsuturing in all of tracheal injury in simple interrupted pattern. We conclude in this case that thesurgical treatment and the simple suture of the trachea obtained excellent results without any complications.(AU)