RESUMO
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, increased mortality and recent studies showed a possible association with the increased risk of stroke. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating the association between EAT and stroke. Eighty studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently analyzed. The review had Five main findings. First, the increased epicardial fat thickness (EFT) may be associated with the stroke episode. Second, regardless of the imaging method (echocardiography, MRI, and CT) this association remains. Third, the association of metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation seems to increase the risk of stroke. Fourth, this systematic review was considered as low risk of bias. Despite being unable to establish a clear association between EAT and stroke, we have organized and assessed all the research papers on this topic, analyzing their limitations, suggesting improvements in future pieces of research and pointing out gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the mechanistic links between increased EAT and stroke incidence remains unclear, thus, further research is warranted.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de hiponatremia em pacientes internados, determinando seu perfil epidemiológico. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, observacional e longitudinal. Utilizou-se o banco de dados do hospital no período entre março e maio de 2017, com total de 320 indivíduos. A análise estatística foi rea- lizada por meio do Statistical Package for Social Science, versão 24.0. Resultados: Do total de 320 pacientes avaliados, 51,6% deles eram do sexo masculino. A idade média foi de 62,73 anos, e a maior parte era da cor parda. Desenvolveram hiponatremia no decorrer do estudo 135 (42,18%) pacientes. Diabéticos tiveram maior predisposição a desenvolver hiponatremia (57,7%). Outras comorbidades também foram frequentes, como hipertensão ar- terial sistêmica (61,9%) e doenças neurodegenerativas (23,3%). Conclusão: Houve maior prevalência de hiponatremia nos pa- cientes do sexo feminino, acima dos 60 anos e pardos. O diabetes mellitus foi considerado fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da hiponatremia. Os resultados visam ampliar a percepção a respeito desse distúrbio hidroeletrolítico tão encontrado na clínica médica e que, muitas vezes, não recebe a devida importância.
Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of hyponatremia in hos- pitalized patients, determining their epidemiological profile. Me- thods: This is a prospective, observational and longitudinal study. The hospital database was used from March to May 2017, with a total of 320 individuals. The statistical analysis was done by means of the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 24.0. Results: Of the 320 patients evaluated, 51.6% were male. The mean age was 62.73 years old, with most of them being brown-skinned. A total of 135 (42.18%) of the patients developed hyponatremia over the course of the study. Diabetics had greater predisposition to de- velop hyponatremia (57.7%). Other frequent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (61.9%) and neurodegenerative diseases (23.3%). Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence in females, those above 60 years old, and brown-skinned. Diabetes mellitus was considered a risk factor for the development of hypo- natremia. The results aim to increase the perception regarding this hydroelectrolytic disorder frequently found in internal medi- cine practice, and that does not receive the proper importance.