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Abstract Introduction Early mobilization is an alternative used in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to reduce the effects of immobility. The Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score (IMS) is applied to assess mobility status. Objective To determine the functional level of ICU patients submitted to cardiac surgery using the IMS scale. Methods This is an analytical observational study carried out with adult ICU patients submitted to cardiac surgery. Data on the use of vasoactive drugs, functional level through IMS, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay were collected from the physiotherapy routine form and recorded on a specific instrument developed for the study. The data obtained from the IMS scale score on the postoperative days in the ICU were used to classify the patients' mobility during the hospitalization period. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. Results A total of 69 patients were evaluated, 43% of whom were men, and all had an SMI of 0 on the first postoperative day. Classification on the scale increased over the course of hospitalization (IMS between 7 and 10), despite the use of vasoactive drugs in 54.6% of the individuals. Conclusion Patients submitted to cardiac surgery admitted to the ICU had moderate-to-high mobility levels throughout their stay and at discharge from the ICU.
Resumo Introdução A mobilização precoce é uma alternativa utilizada em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) na tentativa de reduzir os efeitos decorrentes do imobilis-mo. A escala de mobilidade em UTIs ou Intensive Care Unit Mobility Score (IMS) é aplicada para avaliar o nível de mobilidade. Objetivo Verificar por meio da escala IMS o nível de funcionalidade de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca internados em uma UTI. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional analítico realizado em UTI com pacientes adultos submetidos à cirurgia car-díaca. Foram coletados da ficha de rotina da fisioterapia informações quanto ao uso de drogas vasoativas, nível funcional por meio da IMS, tempo de ventilação mecânica e de internação na UTI, e registrados em instrumento específico desenvolvido para o estudo. Os dados obtidos do escore da escala IMS nos dias de pós-operatório na UTI foram utilizados para classificar a mobilidade dos pacientes durante o período de internação. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para a apresentação dos dados. Resultados Foram avaliados 69 pacientes, 43% eram do sexo masculino e todos apresentavam IMS 0 no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. A classificação na escala aumentou com o decorrer do período de internação (IMS entre 7 e 10), apesar do uso de drogas vasoativas em 54,6%. Conclusão Os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca internados na UTI apresentaram níveis de mobilidade de moderado a alto ao longo da internação e na alta da UTI.
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É sabido que a cavidade oral é a porta de entrada para muitos microrganismos e que possui alguns gêneros de bactérias que quando se associam ou proliferam em excesso, com a falta de higienização correta, fatores ambientais e imunológicos podem causar danos em algumas partes dos dentes como no tecido pulpar e canais radiculares. Neste sentido, a endodontia tem sido capaz de tratar pessoas com problemas dentários em fases muito precoces como as medidas profiláticas até casos infeciosos que afetam a polpa dos dentes causando as lesões perirradiculares que são infecções causadas por microrganismos, Para tanto, é necessário que a odontologia ofereça transformações positivas por meio de técnicas que sejam mais previsíveis para os tratamentos. A literatura tem indicado o uso da laserterapia como técnica auxiliar para o tratamento endodôntico pelo seu potencial mínimo invasivo, preciso e eficaz em menor tempo de cura de patologias orais como as lesões perirradiculares. Este estudo pretendeu abordar a importância da laserterapia sobre as variáveis patológicas de pacientes com lesão perirradiculares. Para realiza-lo foi necessário buscar na literatura estudos que associem este tipo de tratamento e sua eficiência no tratamento desta patologia. Para realizar esta pesquisa foi necessário buscar dados na literatura que tratam sobre o tema para investigar o tempo indicado ao tratamento com a laserterapia bem como o estágio em que as lesões podem ser tratadas com auxílio deste método. Corroborando com o estudo apresentamos um caso clínico(AU)
It is known that the oral cavity is the gateway to many microorganisms and that it has some genera of bacteria that when they associate or proliferate in excess, with the lack of correct hygiene, environmental and immunological factors can cause damage in some parts of the teeth such as in pulp tissue and root canals. In this sense, endodontics has been able to treat people with dental problems at very early stages such as prophylactic measures to infectious cases that affect the pulp of teeth causing perirradicular lesions that are infections caused by microorganisms, therefore, it is necessary that dentistry offer positive transformations through techniques that are more predictable for treatments. The literature has indicated the use of laser therapy as an auxiliary technique for endodontic treatment for its minimal invasive, precise and effective potential in shorter time of cure of oral pathologies such as perirradicular lesions. This study aimed to address the importance of laser therapy on the pathological variables of patients with perirradicular lesions. To accomplish this, it was necessary to seek studies in the literature that associate this type of treatment and its efficiency in the treatment of this pathology. To carry out this research it was necessary to seek data in the literature that deal with the subject to investigate the time indicated for treatment with laser therapy as well as the stage at which lesions can be treated with the aid of this method. Corroborating the study, we present a clinical case(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Terapia a Laser , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Cavidade Pulpar/lesões , Doenças da Polpa Dentária , Microbiota , Boca/microbiologiaRESUMO
O presente artigo objetiva relatar a experiência de uma ação de extensão denominada Bom de Papo, ocorrida em uma região periférica de Fortaleza chamada Grande Bom Jardim. O texto enfocará os resultados de 2019, que consistiram na realização de 28 oficinas em uma escola pública com jovens daquele território sobre experiências juvenis, efeitos da violência armada em seus cotidianos e formas coletivas de cuidado psicossocial no território frente a tal problemática. Participaram dessas oficinas cerca de 150 jovens, com idade entre 15 e 18 anos. As atividades foram registradas por meio de diários de campo. A referida ação de extensão possibilitou a análise crítica de relações de opressão e potências de re-existência nos territórios de vida de juventudes periferizadas, a narrativização e re-elaboração de experiências, bem como o diálogo sobre estratégias coletivas de cuidado diante do sofrimento psicossocial produzido ou agravado pela violência urbana. Assim, considera-se a importância de a psicologia apostar éticopoliticamente em micropolíticas de singularização e reexistência de juventudes marcadas por dinâmicas de opressão. (AU)
This article aims to report the experience of an extension action called Bom de Papo, held in a peripheral region of Fortaleza called Grande Bom Jardim. The text will focus on the results of 2019, which consisted of 28 workshops in a public school with young people from that territory on youth experiences, effects of armed violence in their daily lives and collective forms of psychosocial care in the territory in the face of such a problem. About 150 young people, between 15 and 18 years old, participated in these workshops. The activities were recorded through field diaries. This extension action enabled the critical analysis of relations of oppression and potential for re-existence in the life territories of peripheral youth, the narrativization and re-elaboration of experiences, as well as the dialogue on collective care strategies in the face of psychosocial suffering produced or aggravated by urban violence. Thus, it is considered the importance of psychology to bet ethically and politically on micro-politics of singularization and reexistence of youth marked by dynamics of oppression.(AU)
This article aims to report the experience of an extension action called Bom de Papo, held in a peripheral region of Fortaleza called Grande Bom Jardim. The text will focus on the results of 2019, which consisted of 28 workshops in a public school with young people from that territory on youth experiences, effects of armed violence in their daily lives and collective forms of psychosocial care in the territory in the face of such a problem. About 150 young people, between 15 and 18 years old, participated in these workshops. The activities were recorded through field diaries. This extension action enabled the critical analysis of relations of oppression and potential for re-existence in the life territories of peripheral youth, the narrativization and re-elaboration of experiences, as well as the dialogue on collective care strategies in the face of psychosocial suffering produced or aggravated by urban violence. Thus, it is considered the importance of psychology to bet ethically and politically on micro-politics of singularization and reexistence of youth marked by dynamics of oppression.(AU)
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Humanos , Adolescente , Violência , Saúde do Adolescente , Educação , PsicologiaRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia that leads to multiple repercussions in the patient's life. This condition's clinical characteristics include loss of memory, temporal and spatial disorientation, language or executive dysfunction, and subsequent decline of social function. Dysexecutive syndrome (DS), the second most frequent neuropsychological dysfunction in AD, affects multiple brain areas and causes cognitive, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. We aimed to analyze the association between DS and AD and elucidate possible lack of evidence that may urge further research on this theme. Especially when dealing with such a disabling disease, where new findings can directly imply a better prognosis.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Encéfalo , Testes NeuropsicológicosRESUMO
Cryptococcosis has been recognized as an increasing cause of severe systemic mycosis in immunocompetent patients in the last few years. Cerebral cryptococcomas are a more uncommon manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, which are not usually included in the differential of brain masses. We report a case of a young, immunocompetent woman that rapidly developed severe neurological deficits. She was ultimately diagnosed with cerebral cryptococcoma caused by both Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, and was treated with amphotericin B and isavuconazole. After several complications during hospitalization, including hydrocephalus and cerebellitis, she was discharged home on isavuconazole. On follow-up, she only complained of anosmia. We review the clinical and radiological findings of similar cases. It is the first time that this form of cryptococcal meningitis is favorably treated with isavuconazole and is caused by 2 species of Cryptococcus. We emphasize that cerebral cryptococcomas should be suspected in immunocompetent patients that present with brain masses.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Early mobilization of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a practice that has a positive impact. Methods: This is a systematic review of studies published until September 2020 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS) databases. Randomized clinical trials describing mobilization protocols performed early in ICU patients after cardiac surgery were included. Results: According to the eligibility criteria, only 14 of the 1,128 articles found were included in the analysis. Early mobilization protocols were initiated in the immediate postoperative period or first postoperative day. The resources and technics used were progressive mobilization, cycle ergometer, early bed activities, walking protocols, resistance exercise, and virtual reality. Intensity of the mobilization activities was determined using the Borg scale and heart rate. Conclusion: Early mobilization protocols are generalist (not individual), and low-intensity exercises are used, through progressive mobilization, with two daily physical therapy sessions, during 10 to 30 minutes.
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INTRODUCTION: Early mobilization of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a practice that has a positive impact. METHODS: This is a systematic review of studies published until September 2020 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS) databases. Randomized clinical trials describing mobilization protocols performed early in ICU patients after cardiac surgery were included. RESULTS: According to the eligibility criteria, only 14 of the 1,128 articles found were included in the analysis. Early mobilization protocols were initiated in the immediate postoperative period or first postoperative day. The resources and technics used were progressive mobilization, cycle ergometer, early bed activities, walking protocols, resistance exercise, and virtual reality. Intensity of the mobilization activities was determined using the Borg scale and heart rate. CONCLUSION: Early mobilization protocols are generalist (not individual), and low-intensity exercises are used, through progressive mobilization, with two daily physical therapy sessions, during 10 to 30 minutes.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Deambulação Precoce , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Período Pós-Operatório , PrescriçõesRESUMO
Soil degradation is a global issue that affects both plant productivity and human life. Intensive grazing practices can accelerate this process, mainly due to rapid removal of biomass from the soil surface. However, the long-term effects of grazing on biological, chemical, and physical properties remain poorly understood, particularly in tropical drylands, such as the Caatinga biome. Our aim was to evaluate the soil properties and combine both culture-dependent and -independent analyses to assess metabolic activity and bacterial community structure. We collected samples (0-20 cm) of three different types of soil in the Caatinga biome: secondary Caatinga forest (NC), grazing exclusion (GE), and degraded areas by overgrazing (OG). We sought to investigate how grazing affects soil properties to determine the effectiveness of grazing exclusion in the restoration of soil fertility/functions. Redundancy analysis demonstrated NC were positively correlated with organic carbon (λ = 0.18, p = 0.0012) and total nitrogen (λ = 0.16, p = 0.0011), while OG was correlated with harmful soil parameters such as Na+ (λ = 0.08, p = 0.0400), electric conductivity (λ = 0.13, p = 0.0060) and exchangeable acidity (λ = 0.11, p = 0.0030). In addition, GE showed lower aluminum content and saturation, reducing these harmful parameters by 48 % and 34 %, respectively. Also, GE showed the highest values for the ß-glucosidase (63.62 mg ρ-nitrophenol kg-1 h-1) and arylsulfatase (5.8 mg ρ-nitrophenol kg-1 h-1) activities. Changes in bacterial community structure were significant (p = 0.0096), with a higher difference comparing GE and OG (p = 0.0135). The GE area showed 20 % more phosphate solubilizers than OG, but there were no differences for siderophores production. All isolates were halotolerant and had at least 60 % nitrogen fixers. Our findings indicate that while soil recovery is slow, with grazing-exclusion areas presenting 18 years of implantation, it seems to improve in subsequent years. Finally, our results provide evidence that microbe-based technologies can mitigate soil degradation in the Caatinga biome.
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Ecossistema , Herbivoria , Solo , Animais , Brasil , Microbiota/fisiologia , Nitrofenóis/análise , Solo/química , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of glioma, with limited treatment and poor prognosis. Despite some advances over the last decade, validation of novel and selective antiglioma agents remains a challenge in clinical pharmacology. Prior studies have shown that leguminous lectins may exert various biological effects, including antitumor properties. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms underlying the antiglioma activity of ConBr, a lectin extracted from the Canavalia brasiliensis seeds. ConBr at lower concentrations inhibited C6 glioma cell migration while higher levels promoted cell death dependent upon carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) structure. ConBr increased p38MAPK and JNK and decreased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, ConBr inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation associated with accumulation of autophagic markers, such as acidic vacuoles and LC3 cleavage. Inhibition of early steps of autophagy with 3-methyl-adenine (3-MA) partially protected whereas the later autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine (CQ) had no protective effect upon ConBr cytotoxicity. ConBr also augmented caspase-3 activation without affecting mitochondrial function. Noteworthy, the caspase-8 inhibitor IETF-fmk attenuated ConBr induced autophagy and C6 glioma cell death. Finally, ConBr did not show cytotoxicity against primary astrocytes, suggesting a selective antiglioma activity. In summary, our results indicate that ConBr requires functional CRD lectin domain to exert antiglioma activity, and its cytotoxicity is associated with MAPKs and Akt pathways modulation and autophagy- and caspase-8- dependent cell death.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Caspase 8/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Glioma/metabolismo , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Domínios Proteicos/fisiologia , Estrutura Quaternária de Proteína/fisiologia , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine supplementation or exercise on gastric emptying and intestinal inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). Strength exercise consisted of jump training 4 × 10 repetitions/5 days a week/8 weeks with progressive overload. Endurance exercise consisted of swimming without overload for a period of 1 h a day/5 days a week/8 weeks. Another group (sedentary) of animals was supplemented with L-glutamine (1 g/kg of body weight) orally for 8 weeks before induction of UC. Colitis was induced by intra-colonic administration of 1 mL of 4% acetic acid. We assessed gastric emptying, macroscopic and microscopic scoring, oxidative stress markers, and IL-1ß, IL-6, and (TNF-α) levels. The UC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the gastric emptying compared with the saline control group. We observed a significantly decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight gain in UC rats compared with the control groups. Both exercise interventions and L-glutamine supplementation significantly prevented (p < 0.05) weight loss compared with the UC group. Strength and endurance exercises significantly prevented (p < 0.05) the increase of microscopic scores and oxidative stress (p < 0.05). L-glutamine supplementation in UC rats prevented hemorrhagic damage and improved oxidative stress markers (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and glutamine decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with the UC group (p < 0.05). Strength and endurance exercises and L-glutamine supplementation prevented intestinal inflammation and improved cytokines and oxidative stress levels without altering gastric dysmotility in rats with UC.
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Colite Ulcerativa/terapia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutamina/uso terapêutico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Colite Ulcerativa/fisiopatologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/metabolismo , Colo/patologia , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais , Esquema de Medicação , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Glutamina/farmacologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resultado do Tratamento , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Redução de Peso/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although frailty has been associated with atypical manifestations of infections, little is known about COVID-19 presentations in hospitalized frail patients. We aimed to investigate the association between age, frailty, and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in hospitalized middle-aged and older adults. METHOD: Longitudinal observational study comprising 711 patients aged ≥50 years consecutively admitted to a university hospital dedicated to COVID-19 severe cases, between March and May 2020. We reviewed electronic medical records to collect data on demographics, comorbidities, COVID-19 signs/symptoms, and laboratory findings on admission. We defined frailty using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS = 1-9; frail ≥5). We also documented in-hospital mortality. We used logistic regressions to explore associations between age, frailty, and COVID-19 signs/symptoms; and between typical symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea) and mortality. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 66 ± 11 years, and 43% were female. Overall, 25% were frail, and 37% died. The most common COVID-19 presentations were dyspnea (79%), cough (74%), and fever (62%), but patients aged ≥65 years were less likely to have a co-occurrence of typical symptoms, both in the absence (OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.39-0.79) and in the presence of frailty (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.34-0.81). In contrast, older age and frailty were associated with unspecific presentations, including functional decline, acute mental change, and hypotension. After adjusting for age, sex, and frailty, reporting fever was associated with lower odds of mortality (OR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.50-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Atypical COVID-19 presentations are common in frail and older hospitalized patients. Providers should be aware of unspecific disease manifestations during the management and follow-up of this population.
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Teste para COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Idoso Fragilizado , Fragilidade/complicações , Hospitalização , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/mortalidade , Comorbidade , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Avaliação Geriátrica , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/mortalidade , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cancer is a genetic and epigenetic disease that involves inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and activation of proto-oncogenes. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an isomer of retinoic acid involved in the onset of differentiation and apoptosis of a number of normal and cancer cells, functioning as an anti-cancer agent in several neoplasms. Ectopic changes in the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) occur in response to ATRA, leading to phenotypic alterations in neoplastic cell lines. Moreover, the modulation of miRNA patterns upon ATRA-treatment may represent an effective chemopreventive and anti-cancer therapy strategy. The present systematic review was performed to provide an overview of the modulation of ATRA-induced miRNA expression in different types of neoplastic cells and identify the efficacy of intervention factors (i.e., concentration and duration of treatment) and how they influence expression profiles of oncogenesis-targeting miRNAs. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA statement via the US National Library of Medicine MEDLINE/PubMed bibliographic search engine. RESULTS: The search identified 31 experimental studies involving human cell lines from nine different cancer types (neuroblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, glioblastoma, embryonal carcinoma, and colorectal cancer) treated with ATRA at concentrations ranging from 10- 3 µmol/L to 102 µmol mol/L for 24 h to 21 days. CONCLUSION: The concentrations used and the duration of treatment of cancer cells with ATRA varied widely. The presence of ATRA in the culture medium of cancer cells was able to modulate the expression of more than 300 miRNAs, and inhibit invasive behavior and deregulated growth of cancer cells, resulting in total tumor remission in some cases. ATRA may thus be broadly effective for neoplasm treatment and prevention, although these studies may not accurately represent in vivo conditions. Additional studies are required to elucidate ATRA-induced miRNA modulation during neoplasm treatment.
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MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus DNA and genotypes in breast cancer and normal breast tissue samples obtained from women from the northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: One hundred three breast cancer samples and 95 normal breast samples, as the non-malignant controls, were studied. DNA extraction was verified by human beta-globin gene amplification, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted based on HPV L1-specific consensus primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, followed by nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers for the E6/E7 consensus region. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 51 (49.5%) breast carcinoma samples and 15 (15.8%) normal breast samples (p<0.0001). Human papillomavirus genotypes 6 and 11 were identified in 15.2% of all samples. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of human papillomavirus infection in breast cancer samples indicates a potential role of this virus in breast carcinogenesis in the studied participants.
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Neoplasias da Mama/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Actually, arterial hypertension is a major public health concern, which involves the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS), via activation of the angiotensin receptors AT1 and AT2 of the cardiovascular system. Although angiotensin is an important stimulant of the gut permeability to sodium and water, little is known about the effects of arterial hypertension on gut motor behavior. Thus, we evaluated in rats the effect of hypertension induced by two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) model on the gastric motility, as well as the influence of exercise and RAS blockers treatment in such phenomenon. One week after surgery the rats were treated with Aliskiren (50â¯mg·kg-1, p.o.), Captopril (50â¯mg·kg-1, p.o.) or Losartan (10â¯mg·kg-1, p.o). Other group of rats was submitted to swimming with 5% body weight overload. After 4â¯weeks of physical training or pharmacological treatment, we assessed the gastric retention in all groups (GR) of a liquid test meal, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the heart rate (HR) and the HR variation (HRV) as well as the in vitro contractility of gastric fundus. Renovascular hypertension increased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the GR, MAP and HR, a phenomenon prevented by pretreatment with RAS blockers or exercise. The two kidney one-clip Hypertension (2K1C) decreased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the gastric fundus responsiveness, a phenomenon also prevented by exercise. It conclusion, renovascular hypertension delays the gastric emptying of liquids, a phenomenon involving the activation of RAS, where exercise or blockade with aliskiren, captopril and losartan prevent gastric dysmotility.
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Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Gastroparesia/terapia , Hipertensão Renovascular/complicações , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Animais , Terapia Combinada , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Gastroparesia/etiologia , Gastroparesia/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus DNA and genotypes in breast cancer and normal breast tissue samples obtained from women from the northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: One hundred three breast cancer samples and 95 normal breast samples, as the non-malignant controls, were studied. DNA extraction was verified by human beta-globin gene amplification, and polymerase chain reaction was conducted based on HPV L1-specific consensus primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, followed by nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction with type-specific primers for the E6/E7 consensus region. RESULTS: Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 51 (49.5%) breast carcinoma samples and 15 (15.8%) normal breast samples (p<0.0001). Human papillomavirus genotypes 6 and 11 were identified in 15.2% of all samples. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of human papillomavirus infection in breast cancer samples indicates a potential role of this virus in breast carcinogenesis in the studied participants.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/virologia , DNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Transversais , GenótipoRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer as percepções de idosos residentes em municípios de pequeno porte em relação à satisfação com os serviços públicos de transporte, lazer e atendimento em saúde. O estudo foi realizado em cinco municípios de Minas Gerais e incluiu 32 idosos de ambos os sexos, com residência nas zonas rural e urbana, que foram entrevistados a partir de um roteiro estruturado norteado pelos domínios ambiental e social dos questionários WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Posteriormente as entrevistas foram transcritas e os temas emergentes categorizados. A maioria relatou satisfação com os serviços ofertados sugerindo melhorias em diversos aspectos, como: ampliar a oferta, informação e o acesso aos serviços de saúde, investir no atendimento prioritário, na redução do tempo de espera nas filas para agendamento de consultas e na capacitação dos profissionais, além de ampliar a oferta de transporte para lazer e vida social. A implementação destas prioridades mostrou-se importante recurso para garantir-lhes melhor qualidade de vida e saúde.
Perception of elderly people resident in small towns are analyzed with regard to their satisfaction with public services such as public transport, recreation and health attendance. The study was undertaken in five towns in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and included 32 male and female elderly people, living in the rural and urban areas. They were interviewed according to a structured protocol guided by the environmental and social dominion of the questionnaires WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD. The interviews were later transcribed and the themes were catalogued. Most elderly people were satisfied with the services but suggested several improvements, such as, extending offers, information and access to health services, investing priority attendance, reduction in time in queues for visits to the doctor´s, professional capacitation, extend transport for recreation and social living. The implementation of priorities was an important resource for better life quality and health.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Administração em Saúde Pública , Qualidade de Vida , Promoção da Saúde , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Saúde do IdosoRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a percepção de dois grupos de idosos sobre o impacto que a participação/não participação em atividades teve sobre sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas com dois grupos de idosos; no primeiro grupo, denominado Grupo-Participante (GP) 10 idosos de ambos os sexos participaram do grupo da terceira idade, um projeto denominado Envelhecimento Saudável, em que são realizadas várias atividades físicas e de socialização, e com outros 10 sujeitos - do Grupo Não-Participante (GNP), que não aderiram ao projeto. Comparamos as respostas dos dois grupos e concluímos que os idosos do GP relatavam melhor qualidade de vida, saúde e disposição para formação de vínculos sociais. Em relação aos sujeitos do GNP, buscamos conhecer suas justificativas e motivos para a não adesão ao projeto. Estes ainda relataram perceber mudanças significativas naqueles que participavam, entendendo que o grupo era a possibilidade de melhorar autoestima, saúde e qualidade de vida. Concluímos que as ações em grupo, visando aos princípios que norteiam as premissas da promoção da saúde, podem criar um espaço de trocas e vivências, restabelecendo as condições necessárias para que os idosos possam ter uma vida mais plena, com qualidade de vida e bem-estar.(AU)
The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of two groups of elderly about the impact of the participation/ non participation in some activities, had in their health and quality of life. Twenty interviews were conducted with two groups of elderly. In the first group, called Participant Group (PG) 10 elderly men and women participated in the third age group, a project called "Healthy Aging", which are held in various physical and socialization activities; and with other 10 subjects the Non-Participant Group (NPG), which did not join the project. We compared the two groups answers and concluded that the elderly from PG reported better quality of life, health and willingness to form social bonds. Also according to the elderly of NPG, we seek to know their justifications and reasons for non-adherence to the project. They also reported perceiving significant changes in those who participated, understanding that the group was able to improve self-esteem, health and quality of life. We conclude that the group actions, aiming the principles that guide the assumptions of health promotion can create a space for exchanges and experiences, restoring the necessary conditions so that the elderly may have a fuller life, with quality of life and welfare.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso , Saúde do Idoso , Promoção da Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Atividade MotoraRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a percepção de dois grupos de idosos sobre o impacto que a participação/não participação em atividades teve sobre sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas com dois grupos de idosos; no primeiro grupo, denominado Grupo-Participante (GP) 10 idosos de ambos os sexos participaram do grupo da terceira idade, um projeto denominado Envelhecimento Saudável, em que são realizadas várias atividades físicas e de socialização, e com outros 10 sujeitos - do Grupo Não-Participante (GNP), que não aderiram ao projeto. Comparamos as respostas dos dois grupos e concluímos que os idosos do GP relatavam melhor qualidade de vida, saúde e disposição para formação de vínculos sociais. Em relação aos sujeitos do GNP, buscamos conhecer suas justificativas e motivos para a não adesão ao projeto. Estes ainda relataram perceber mudanças significativas naqueles que participavam, entendendo que o grupo era a possibilidade de melhorar autoestima, saúde e qualidade de vida. Concluímos que as ações em grupo, visando aos princípios que norteiam as premissas da promoção da saúde, podem criar um espaço de trocas e vivências, restabelecendo as condições necessárias para que os idosos possam ter uma vida mais plena, com qualidade de vida e bem-estar...
The objective of this study was to investigate the perception of two groups of elderly about the impact of the participation/ non participation in some activities, had in their health and quality of life. Twenty interviews were conducted with two groups of elderly. In the first group, called Participant Group (PG) 10 elderly men and women participated in the third age group, a project called "Healthy Aging", which are held in various physical and socialization activities; and with other 10 subjects the Non-Participant Group (NPG), which did not join the project. We compared the two groups answers and concluded that the elderly from PG reported better quality of life, health and willingness to form social bonds. Also according to the elderly of NPG, we seek to know their justifications and reasons for non-adherence to the project. They also reported perceiving significant changes in those who participated, understanding that the group was able to improve self-esteem, health and quality of life. We conclude that the group actions, aiming the principles that guide the assumptions of health promotion can create a space for exchanges and experiences, restoring the necessary conditions so that the elderly may have a fuller life, with quality of life and welfare...
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso , Saúde do Idoso , Promoção da Saúde , Atividade Motora , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Abstract: Introduction: Postpartum is a period of deep physical and emotional changes for women which may interfere in their quality of life. The objectives of this exploratory descriptive study of quantitative approach were to identify the Quality of Life Index (QLI) of women in the mediate postpartum, using an adaptation of the Ferrans & Powers instrument, and to assess the influence of the following variables on these women?s quality of life: type of delivery, breastfeeding, breast conditions and baby?s health. Method: The data were collected from April to June 2007. The sample consisted of 144 women, and the majority (70%) had Caesarean delivery. Results: The mean score of quality of life was relatively high (25.82), the maximum being 30.0. In this research, two of the variables studied indicated a statistically significant difference, and thus influenced negatively the Quality of Life of women in the mediate postpartum: nipple fissure and breast engorgement issues, or the association of both conditions, as well as problems with the baby?s health. The results allowed us to affirm that there was no statistically significant difference (in general or by domain) in the women?s quality of life concerning the different types of delivery. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in the QoL of the women who presented an unfavorable attitude toward breastfeeding. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that issues that were considered simple, such as nipple fissure and breast engorgement, may interfere in the QoL of puerperal women. Relevance to clinical practice: Nurses must become aware of their role as educators in their clinical practice. The appropriate guidance and support to the mother in the beginning of the breastfeeding process consist of uncomplicated light technologies that are easy to be followed, and that can reflect in a positive way on the QoL of the women.
Introdução: período pos-parto é um tempo de profundas modificações físicas e emocionais para a mulher que podem interferir em sua qualidade de vida. Este estudo descritivo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa teve como objetivos: identificar o índice de Qualidade de Vida, (QV) de mulheres no puerpério mediato utilizando uma adaptação do instrumento de Ferrans & Powers e verificar a influência das variáveis: tipo de parto, amamentação, condições da mama e saúde do bebê na qualidade de vida destas mulheres. Método: Os dados foram coletados no período de abril a junho de 2007. A amostra foi constituída por 144 mulheres, que em sua maioria (70%) teve parto cesariano. Resultados: A média de qualidade de vida encontrada foi relativamente alta (25,82) escore máximo= 30,0. Nesta pesquisa duas das variáveis estudadas demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante e, portanto influenciaram negativamente na QV das mulheres no puerpério mediato: problemas com as mamas e problemas de saúde do bebê. Os resultados permitiram afirmar que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (no geral ou por domínio) na qualidade de vida das mulheres, no que diz respeito aos diferentes tipos de parto. Assim como não houve diferença estatística na QV das mulheres que consideraram ruim o ato de amamentar. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que problemas considerados simples como a fissura e o ingurgitamento mamário podem interferir na QV das puérperas. Relevância para a prática clínica: O enfermeiro deve estar atento em sua prática clínica, para seu papel de educador. A orientação adequada e o apoio à mãe no início da amamentação são tecnologias leves, sem sofisticação, fáceis de serem executadas e que podem repercutir positivamente na QV das mulheres.