RESUMO
The indiscriminate use of pesticides has caused several damages to the environment, in particular the pollution of water reservoirs, so that this has motivated the development of techniques to minimize its consequences. One of the main surface water pollutants is glyphosate, which is a widely used herbicide for weed control. Therefore, in this work, computational simulations were used with density functional theory and molecular dynamics to theoretically verify if C60 fullerene is capable of adsorbing glyphosate in aqueous media. As a result, we showed through the adsorption energies, molecular dynamics methods, and infrared absorption that C60 can adsorb glyphosate molecules in at least three distinct configurations, either in vacuum or in water, which theoretically indicates it as a good candidate for removal of this herbicide from water by nanotechnology techniques.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the storage time of Monacrosporium thaumasium pellets on the predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid area of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. 24 sheep with zero in the count of eggs per gram of faeces EPG, were divided into four experimental groups: Group I, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium pellets - 36 months of storage, single dose; Group II, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium newly produced, single dose; Group III, 3 g/10 kg live weight pellets without fungi; and Group IV (control group) did not receive pellets. Every 24 h, up to 120 h, the faeces of the animals were collected and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Fifteen grams of faeces were weighed from each animal and five grams of expanded vermiculite were added to produce the coprocultures. Subsequently, 1000 larvae (L3) sheep trichostrongilides were added, and larval recovery was performed after 7 days. Predation of larvae in Group I (M. thaumasium - 36 months) did not differ significantly (p > 0.01) from Group II (M. thaumasium - recent), with reductions of 75% and 79%. Both groups reached peak predation to larvae at 72 h. The helminth genus most recovered in the coprocultures was Haemonchus sp. The data indicate that the 36-month stocking period of M. thaumasium pellets in alginate matrix did not influence the efficacy of predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, with fungal activity in the faeces up to 96 hours after administration to the animals.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento de péletes de Monacrosporium thaumasium na predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos no semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. 24 ovelhas, com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes OPG, negativo, foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo I, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo, péletes de M. thaumasium - 36 meses de armazenamento, dose única; Grupo II, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo M. thaumasium recém-produzido, dose única; Grupo III, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo sem fungos; e Grupo IV (grupo controle), não recebeu péletes. A cada 24 h, até 120 h, as fezes dos animais foram coletadas e submetidas ao laboratório para análise. Quinze gramas de fezes foram pesados de cada animal e cinco gramas de vermiculita expandida foram adicionados para produzir as coproculturas. Subsequentemente, 1000 larvas (L3) de tricostrongilídeos de ovinos foram adicionadas e a recuperação larval foi realizada após sete dias. A predação de larvas no Grupo I (M. thaumasium - 36 meses) não diferiu significativamente (p> 0,01) do Grupo II (M. thaumasium - recente), com reduções de 75% e 79%. Ambos os grupos atingiram o pico de predação para larvas em 72 h. O gênero helminto mais recuperado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus sp. Os dados indicam que o período de estocagem de 36 meses de péletes de M. thaumasium na matriz de alginato não influenciou a eficácia da predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, com atividade fúngica nas fezes até 96 horas após a administração aos animais.
Assuntos
Animais , Ascomicetos , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Larva , Nematoides , Ovinos/parasitologia , Agentes de Controle Biológico/uso terapêutico , Alginatos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the storage time of Monacrosporium thaumasium pellets on the predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid area of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. 24 sheep with zero in the count of eggs per gram of faeces EPG, were divided into four experimental groups: Group I, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium pellets - 36 months of storage, single dose; Group II, 3 g/10 kg live weight M. thaumasium newly produced, single dose; Group III, 3 g/10 kg live weight pellets without fungi; and Group IV (control group) did not receive pellets. Every 24 h, up to 120 h, the faeces of the animals were collected and submitted to the laboratory for analysis. Fifteen grams of faeces were weighed from each animal and five grams of expanded vermiculite were added to produce the coprocultures. Subsequently, 1000 larvae (L3) sheep trichostrongilides were added, and larval recovery was performed after 7 days. Predation of larvae in Group I (M. thaumasium - 36 months) did not differ significantly (p > 0.01) from Group II (M. thaumasium - recent), with reductions of 75% and 79%. Both groups reached peak predation to larvae at 72 h. The helminth genus most recovered in the coprocultures was Haemonchus sp. The data indicate that the 36-month stocking period of M. thaumasium pellets in alginate matrix did not influence the efficacy of predation of infective larvae of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, with fungal activity in the faeces up to 96 hours after administration to the animals.(AU)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento de péletes de Monacrosporium thaumasium na predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos no semiárido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. 24 ovelhas, com contagem de ovos por grama de fezes OPG, negativo, foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo I, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo, péletes de M. thaumasium - 36 meses de armazenamento, dose única; Grupo II, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo M. thaumasium recém-produzido, dose única; Grupo III, 3 g / 10 kg de peso vivo sem fungos; e Grupo IV (grupo controle), não recebeu péletes. A cada 24 h, até 120 h, as fezes dos animais foram coletadas e submetidas ao laboratório para análise. Quinze gramas de fezes foram pesados de cada animal e cinco gramas de vermiculita expandida foram adicionados para produzir as coproculturas. Subsequentemente, 1000 larvas (L3) de tricostrongilídeos de ovinos foram adicionadas e a recuperação larval foi realizada após sete dias. A predação de larvas no Grupo I (M. thaumasium - 36 meses) não diferiu significativamente (p> 0,01) do Grupo II (M. thaumasium - recente), com reduções de 75% e 79%. Ambos os grupos atingiram o pico de predação para larvas em 72 h. O gênero helminto mais recuperado nas coproculturas foi Haemonchus sp. Os dados indicam que o período de estocagem de 36 meses de péletes de M. thaumasium na matriz de alginato não influenciou a eficácia da predação de larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos, com atividade fúngica nas fezes até 96 horas após a administração aos animais.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos/parasitologia , Ascomicetos , Larva , Nematoides , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Alginatos/uso terapêutico , Agentes de Controle Biológico/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of electrical stunning by electronarcosis in a medium-size poultry processing plant located in southern Brazil. The current measurement of this type of stunning is presented, and then improvements to this method are proposed. Data were collected for 90 days. A quality indicator was proposed: the Stunning Severity Index (SSI), which includes elements of Statistical Process Control (SPC) using a p-chart (proportion chart) and measures. This index comprises the variables "wing-flapping," "arched head," and "rhythmic breathing." Using the proposed index, 5% of the birds, on average, presented inefficient stunning symptoms.
Assuntos
Animais , Eletronarcose/métodos , Eletronarcose/tendências , Eletronarcose/veterinária , Bem-Estar do Animal , Indústria da Carne/métodos , Produtos da CarneRESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of electrical stunning by electronarcosis in a medium-size poultry processing plant located in southern Brazil. The current measurement of this type of stunning is presented, and then improvements to this method are proposed. Data were collected for 90 days. A quality indicator was proposed: the Stunning Severity Index (SSI), which includes elements of Statistical Process Control (SPC) using a p-chart (proportion chart) and measures. This index comprises the variables "wing-flapping," "arched head," and "rhythmic breathing." Using the proposed index, 5% of the birds, on average, presented inefficient stunning symptoms. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Eletronarcose/métodos , Eletronarcose/tendências , Eletronarcose/veterinária , Bem-Estar do Animal , Indústria da Carne/métodos , Produtos da CarneRESUMO
RESUMO Experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o efeito do meio ácido e do alumínio, assim como para determinar a concentração mais apropriada de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) para o enraizamento de estacas de diferentes genótipos de Camellia sinensis L (planta de chá). Para tal, foram coletados ramos de plantas-matrizes em Pariquera-Açu-SP, Brasil, no inverno de 2012 e preparadas estacas semi-lenhosas, contendo uma gema e uma folha, que foram mantidas em viveiro com 70% de sombreamento. A irrigação do substrato foi feita com água e soluções contendo ácido fosfórico e sulfato de alumínio a pH 5,5, 4,5; 3,5. No primeiro experimento, o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 7, três genótipos (F 15, IAC 259 e Comum) e sete condições diferentes de enraizamento (vermiculita a pH 6,5, vermiculita acidificada com ácido fosfórico a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 ou vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5; 4,5 e 5,5). No segundo experimento, o tratamento que promoveu o maior enraizamento no primeiro experimento (vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5) foi combinado ao tratamento com AIB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, sendo três genótipos e seis concentrações de AIB (0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 e 1000 mg L-1). A vermiculita acidificada com sulfato de alumínio a pH 3,5, combinada a aplicação de 10000 mg L-1 de AIB por 30 segundos, foi o tratamento mais adequado para o enraizamento de estacas semi-lenhosas dos genótipos F15, IAC 259 e Comum.
ABSTRACT The experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of medium acidic and aluminum, as well as determine the most suitable concentration of indolebutyric acid (IBA) for rooting cuttings of different genotypes of Camellia sinensis L (tea plant). Such, stems were collected from mother plants in Pariquera-Açu, São Paulo state, Brazil, in winter 2012 and prepared semi-hardwood cuttings, with one bud and one leaf, which were kept in a nursery with 70% of shading. Irrigation substrate was taken with water and solutions containing phosphoric acid and aluminum sulfate at pH 5.5, 4.5; 3,5. In the first experiment, the experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 3x7, three genotypes (F 15, IAC 259 and Comum) and seven different conditions of rooting (vermiculite at pH 6.5, acidified with phosphoric acid or aluminum sulfate vermiculite at pH 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5). In the second experiment, the treatment that promoted the highest rooting in the first experiment (vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulfate at pH 3.5) was combined with treatment with IBA The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 3x6, three genotypes and six concentrations of IBA (0, 2.000, 4.000, 6.000, 8.000 and 10.000 mg L-1). Vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulphate to pH 3.5, combined application of 10.000 mg L-1 IBA for 30 seconds was the most appropriate treatment for cutting propagation of genotypes F15, IAC 259 and Comum. Vermiculite acidified with aluminum sulfate at pH 3.5, combined treatment with 10,000 mg L-1 IBA for 30 seconds, was the most suitable conditions for the rooting of cuttings Camellia sinensis L.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis/classificação , Genótipo , Acidificação/classificação , Alumínio/análiseRESUMO
Polyphenolic compounds present in rosemary were found to have antioxidant properties, anticarcinogenic activity, and to increase the detoxification of pro-carcinogens. The aim of the study was to determine the effect the aqueous extract of rosemary (AER) on mutagenicity induced by methylmethane sulfonate in meristematic cells of Allium cepa, as well as to describe its mode of action. Anti-mutagenicity experiments were carried out with 3 different concentrations of AER, which alone showed no mutagenic effects. In antimutagenicity experiments, AER showed chemopreventive activity in cultured meristematic cells of A. cepa against exposure to methylmethane sulfonate. Additionally, post-treatment and simultaneous treatment using pre-incubation protocols were the most effective. Evaluation of different protocols and the percent reduction in DNA indicated bioantimutagenic as well desmutagenic modes of action for AER. AER may be chemopreventive and antimutagenic.
Assuntos
Antimutagênicos/farmacologia , Meristema/citologia , Mutagênicos/farmacologia , Cebolas/citologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Rosmarinus/química , Água/química , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Dano ao DNA , Metanossulfonato de Metila/farmacologia , Índice MitóticoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate if blue lighting could reduce broiler stress and comply with legal labor comfort requirements in a new shackling area of a middle-size processing plant. In this study, the old shackling area was compared with the new area, where a blue lighting system was designed and implemented according to the regulations. The old and new areas were video- and audio-recorded during the shackling of 33,850 broilers in each area. Data were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (w test).The results indicated 56% reduction in wing-flapping and 3.2% noise reduction in the new area. These results were obtained by increasing 119% lighting at the work stations in the shackling area, allowing workers to handle the birds more carefully, which may improve processing plant productivity. The study demonstrated that it is possible to conciliate better animal welfare with visual comfort for workers in the shackling area.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Bem-Estar do Animal , Galinhas , Iluminação/normas , Condições de Trabalho , Instalações Industriais e de ManufaturaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate if blue lighting could reduce broiler stress and comply with legal labor comfort requirements in a new shackling area of a middle-size processing plant. In this study, the old shackling area was compared with the new area, where a blue lighting system was designed and implemented according to the regulations. The old and new areas were video- and audio-recorded during the shackling of 33,850 broilers in each area. Data were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric test of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (w test).The results indicated 56% reduction in wing-flapping and 3.2% noise reduction in the new area. These results were obtained by increasing 119% lighting at the work stations in the shackling area, allowing workers to handle the birds more carefully, which may improve processing plant productivity. The study demonstrated that it is possible to conciliate better animal welfare with visual comfort for workers in the shackling area.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Bem-Estar do Animal , Galinhas , Iluminação/normas , Condições de Trabalho , Instalações Industriais e de ManufaturaRESUMO
ABSTRACT CHEMOTHERAPY OF PRATA ANÃ BANANAS FOR POST-HARVEST ROT CONTROL. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum musae) and crown rots (fungi complex) are the main diseases that occur in the banana crop post-harvest. This poses the challenge of prolonging the post-harvest life, increasing the disease-free period and maintaining the fruits food quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of systemic and protective fungicides in the control of postharvest rot in fruits of the banana cultivar Prata anã from Jaíba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Systemic fungicides from the benzimidazole, triazole, imidazole and pyridinamine chemical groups were evaluated in the dosages 0, 125, 250 and 500 mL.L-1 or mg.L-1, after immersion for 3 minutes, in environmental conditions (18-23º C and 6085% RU). Procloraz (125 mL.L-1) and propiconazole (250 mL.L-1) were the most efficient for preventing the incidence of rot in bananas inoculated with C. musae. Higher dosages caused toxicity in the fruits. The benzimidazois were not efficient in the control of rot, even at the highest dosage used (500 mL.L-1), showing results similar to standard fungicide (benomil) and the control treatment without fungicide. The fungicide propiconazole at the dosage 250 mL.L-1proved to be effective for use in the post-harvest bananas, not causing toxicity in the Prata anã banana fruits.
RESUMO A antracnose (Colletotrichum musae) e a podridão da coroa (complexo de fungos) são as principais doenças que ocorrem em pós-colheita de bananas. Prolongar a vida pós-colheita, aumentar o período livre dessas doenças e manter a qualidade comestível dos frutos passam a ser o grande desafio. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas sistêmicos e protetores no controle de podridões em frutos de banana Prata anã proveniente de Jaíba, Minas Gerais. Fungicidas sistêmicos dos grupos químicos dos benzimidazóis, triazóis, imidazóis e piridinamina protetor foram avaliados nas dosagens de 0, 125, 250 e 500 mL.L-1 ou mg.L-1, após imersão por 3 minutos, sob condições ambientes (18-23°C e 60-85 % UR). Procloraz (125 mL.L-1) e propiconazole (250 mL.L-1) foram os mais eficientes em evitar a incidência de podridões em bananas inoculadas com C. musae. Dosagens superiores a estas causaram toxidez aos frutos. Os benzimidazóis não foram eficientes no controle das podridões, mesmo na maior dosagem utilizada (500 mL.L-1), mostrando-se semelhantes ao fungicida padrão (benomil) e ao controle não-tratado. A eficiência do fungicida propiconazole foi confirmada para uso em pós-colheita da cultura da bananeira, mostrando-se efetivo na dosagem de 250 mL.L-1, sem causar toxidez em banana Prata anã.
RESUMO
A crude antigenic preparation of Babesia bigemina was used to develop an ELISA for the detection of IgM antibodies. Optimal dilutions of the antigen, using positive and negative reference sera, were determined by checkerboard titrations. Negative sera from cattle imported from tick-free areas, serum samples collected from infected B. bigemina cattle were used to validate the test. The specificity was 94% and sensitivity of the Elisa 87.5%. Sera from 385 cattle deriving from areas free from tick-borne diseases, which were submitted to a preimmunization process, were screened by this technique. The Elisa detected seroconversion on the 14th day post-inoculation in animals either infested with Boophilus microplus ticks (infected with B. bigemina), or inoculated with B. bigemina infected blood. Antibody titers decreased after day 33; however, all animals remained positive until the end of the experiment (124 days). The ELISA described may prove to be an appropriate serological test for the detection of IgM antibodies against B. bigemina.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Babesia/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Babesiose/sangue , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Bovinos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
We report the case of a patient with a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aortic clinically diagnosed 5 months after surgical replacement of the aortic valve. Diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of two-dimensional echocardiography and helicoidal angiotomography. The corrective surgery, which consisted of a reinforced suture of the communication with the ascending aorta after opening and aspiration of the cavity of the pseudoaneurysm, was successfully performed through a complete sternotomy using extracorporeal circulation, femorofemoral cannulation, and moderate hypothermia, with no aortic clamping.
Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Falso Aneurisma/etiologia , Aneurisma Aórtico/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Aórtico/etiologia , Valva Aórtica , Humanos , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
The endogenous development of Eimeria minasensis was studied in 9 coccidia-free goat kids inoculated with 10(5) sporulated oocysts/kg body weight. Kids were killed 4, 7 (2 animals), 10, 13, 16, 18, 19, and 22 days after inoculation (DAI). In tissue sections of the intestines stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined by light microscopy, 2 generations of meronts, gamonts, gametes, and oocysts were found. The first generation of meronts developed in cells deep in the lamina propria of the jejunum and ileum. Mature giant meronts (299.4x243.8 microm) found 16 DAI were visible to the naked eye and contained a large number of crescent-shaped merozoites. The second generation of meronts developed in the epithelial cells of crypts of the ileum and above the host cell nuclei. Mature meronts (11.5x10.1 microm) with 18-28 comma-shaped merozoites were first seen 16 DAI. Gametogenesis took place in epithelial cells of the crypts and villi of the terminal part of the ileum, cecum, and colon. Macrogametes (27.8x17.6 microm), mature microgamonts (21.3x17.0 microm), microgametes, and oocysts (30.5x19.4 microm) were found 19 DAI. Sexual stages were below the host cell nucleus.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Células Epiteliais/parasitologia , Cabras , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Organismos Livres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMO
An ELISA test was developed for detecting antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in bovine sera. Four antigenic preparations were produced from infected red blood cells. Some aliquots of this preparation were stored at -70 degrees C with 30% DMSO in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and others were lysed with 0.9% NH4Cl and stored at -20 degrees C. Typical anaplasmal structures were seen by electron microscopy in the antigenic preparations containing the erythrocytes that had been stored with DMSO. The performance of the ELISA test was evaluated by testing 298 positive serum samples collected from immunized cattle, 39 negative serum samples collected from cattle imported from areas free of A. marginale and 50 samples collected from cattle naturally infected in the field. The test gave a specificity of 94.87% and a sensitivity of 100%.
Assuntos
Anaplasma/imunologia , Anaplasmose/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasmose/imunologia , Anaplasmose/microbiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The development of Babesia equi in salivary glands of adult female Boophilus microplus was observed under a light microscope using semithin sections stained with toluidine blue. Engorged nymphs were obtained from splenectomized foals experimentally infected with B. equi. As adults, they were then fed on rabbits for 5 days and the salivary glands of manually collected individuals were removed at intervals of 24 h. Sporozoites were found in type III granular acini cells between the 2nd and 5th days following feeding on the rabbits. Sporoblasts and sporozoites were observed in the same or adjacent acini cells in all the glands examined. The formation of the sporozoites occurred following the multiple division of the sporoblasts through a process of radial budding from the periphery of bodies resulting from multiple fission. Sporozoites were detected in smears of adult males stained with Giemsa, between the 2nd and 5th days following feeding by the ticks. Adults of B. microplus, fed during the nymphal phase on foals with patent parasitemia, transmitted sporozoites of B. equi to a splenectomized foal. The role of B. microplus in the transmission and epidemiology of B. equi is discussed.
Assuntos
Vetores Aracnídeos/parasitologia , Babesia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Babesiose/transmissão , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Animais , Babesiose/parasitologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/transmissão , Cavalos , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Masculino , Parasitemia/parasitologia , Parasitemia/veterinária , Coelhos , Glândulas Salivares/parasitologia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Cloreto de TolônioRESUMO
The development of Babesia equi was studied in the salivary glands of adult female ticks, Boophilus microplus, using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Engorged nymphs were obtained from splenectomized foals experimentally infected with B. equi and fed in the adult phase for 5 days on rabbits. Sporogony in B. equi involves the development of sporoblasts and sporozoites, which form from finger-like projections on the surface and through radial budding. Mature sporozoites (2.0 x 1.1 microns), typically pyriform, showed a polar ring, rhoptries, micronemes, nuclei, and mitochondria, and a high concentration of free ribosomes were observed from the 2nd day of the ticks, feeding on the rabbits. In general, sporogony of B. equi in the salivary glands of B. microplus showed similarities to the development of this parasite in species of Hyalomma, although with some significant differences in the sporozoite's dimensions. The results of this study indicate that B. equi is capable of multiplying in the salivary glands of adult female B. microplus, forming sporozoites with specialized organelles characteristic of the invasive form, and suggest that B. microplus can act as a natural vector of B. equi in endemic areas where there is no other probable source of infection or where it is the only tick species present on horses.
Assuntos
Babesia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Babesia/ultraestrutura , Carrapatos/parasitologia , Animais , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Ribossomos/ultraestrutura , Glândulas Salivares/parasitologia , Esporos/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Eimeria minasensis n. sp. is described in the domestic goat Capra hircus from Brazil. Oocysts ellipsoidal are 35 x 24.5 (32-37.7 x 20.9-27.9) microns. Sporocysts elongate-ellipsoid are 15.2 x 9 (12.3-18.4 x 7.8-10.2) microns, with a Stieda body at the narrow end. Oocyst wall smooth and bilayered; outer layer about 1.2 (0.8-1.6) microns and colorless; inner layer about 0.5 (0.4-0.8) micron and dark-brown. Micropyle, a mound-shaped micropylar cap 1.6 x 8.9 (0.8-2 x 7-10.2) easily dislodged; one or more oocyst polar granules present. Oocyst residuum absent. Sporocyst residuum present, composed of many scattered granules. Sporozoites elongate, lying lengthwise, "head to tail" in the sporocysts; one or two refractile globules are usually visible. Sporulation time was 120 hr at 27 degrees C, prepatent period, 19 to 20 days and patent period 15 to 25 days. Gamonts, gametes and oocysts present in cecum and colon. Prevalence was 12.8% (6/47) in goats from Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , CabrasRESUMO
The endogenous development and prepatent and patent periods of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae were studied in 43 1-3-wk-old coccidia-free kids inoculated with 5.0 x 10(4), 1.5 x 10(5), 2.0 x 10(5), or 9.0 x 10(5) sporulated oocysts/kg. Twenty-five kids were killed at 24- or 48-hr intervals, 2-18 days after inoculation (DAI). Two generations of meronts, gamonts, gametes, and oocysts were found in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined using under light microscopy. The first generation of meronts developed in the endothelium of the lacteals, in the lamina propria, and in the lymphatic vessels of the ileum submucosa. Mature, first-generation meronts, 165.5 x 123.6 microm, were first found 10 DAI. Second-generation merogony developed in the crypt epithelial cells of the cecum and colon; mature meronts, 16.8 x 11.6 microm, were first seen 12 DAI. Gametogenesis occurred in the cecum and colon epithelium; mature microgamonts (16.1 x 13.0 microm), microgametes, macrogametes (14.7 x 12.5 microm), and oocysts (18.3 x 13.3 microm) were seen at 13 DAI. The course of the infection was followed in 18 kids examined every day until 24 DAI. The prepatent period was 14.7 (13-17) days and the patent period 6.8 (4-10) days. The sporulation time at 30 C, with constant aeration, was 2-3 days.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Animais , Ceco/parasitologia , Coccidiose/etiologia , Colo/parasitologia , Endotélio Linfático/parasitologia , Células Epiteliais/parasitologia , Gametogênese , Células Germinativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças das Cabras/etiologia , Cabras , Íleo/parasitologia , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitologiaRESUMO
Um sistema ELISA foi comparado à reaçäo de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) na detecçäo de anticorpos anti-A. marginale em soros de bovinos. Utilizou-se um total de 337 amostras de soros, sendo 298 colhidas de bovinos importados, após terem sido submetidos ao processo de premuniçäo, e 39 amostras colhidas de animais importados, de áreas livres de hemoparasitas. O teste ELISA foi mais específico que a RIFI mostrando-se com potencial utilidade para estudos epidemiológicos da anaplasmose. Com os resultados obtidos determinou-se especificidade de 94,87 por cento e 71,79 por cento, sensibilidade de 100 por cento e 100 por cento, valor preditivo positivo 99,33 por cento e 96,44 por cento e valor preditivo negativo 100 por cento e 100 por cento para o ELISA e a RIFI, respectivamente