RESUMO

This study aimed to compare socket repair with Nylon 5-0 suture and closure using cyanoacrylate biological glue after tooth extraction. Twenty male Wistar rats, each weighing approximately 200 g were submitted to the extraction of the right and left first molar teeth. On the right side, the alveolus was closed with 2 ethyl-cyanoacrylate glue, whereas on the left side closure was with a single interrupted Nylon 5-0 suture (Ethilon). The animals were sacrificed after 3, 7, 15, and 30 postoperative days, and images of histological sections of the alveolus were captured for analysis. Histomorphometry was performed using Image J software to quantify bone neoformation in the alveolus. The results showed that on the seventh postoperative day the side treated with 2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate presented a delay in relation to the sutured side. However, on days 15 and 30, the difference in bone neoformation between gradually decreased until the thirtieth postoperative day, with no significant difference in bone neoformation in the last period of analysis. There was no difference between neoformation in the two sides (p = 0.902) after statistical analysis of the histomorphometric results. In conclusion, socket repair after alveolus closure with 2-ethyl-cyanoacrylate allows complete bone neoformation after tooth extraction, and there is no significant difference when compared with closure with Nylon 5-0.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The construction of reservoirs is a common practice in the world. These systems modify the hydric landscape and alter the flow of rivers, becoming lotic environments in lentic. Here we investigated the structure and spatial distribution of rotifers along a tropical reservoir. We sampled four points in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir, Bahia, Brazil, bimonthly, between August 2014 and June 2015. We registered more than 70 taxa distributed in 17 families, with the majority of species belonging to the Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae families. The species rarefaction curve did not achieve a total asymptote, indicating that species richness in the reservoir is higher than what was registered. Based in the species frequency of occurrence, we identified 48 rare species, 16 common species, five constant species and one frequent species. The highest beta diversity values were registered in riverine P1 (0.513) and intermediate P2 (0.503), although there were no significant differences between the sampling points. Despite the high abundance values in P1, P2 and P3 no significant differences were found between the studied points. Thus, this study substantially increases the knowledge on the rotifer community in the Paraguaçu River and contributes to future studies that focus on biodiversity, ecology and conservation in the Brazilian reservoir ecosystems.(AU)

A construção de reservatórios é uma prática comum no mundo. Esses sistemas modificam a paisagem hídrica e alteram o fluxo dos rios, tornando-se ambientes lóticos em lênticos. Aqui investigamos a estrutura e distribuição espacial de rotíferos ao longo de um reservatório tropical. Foram amostrados quatro pontos no Reservatório da Pedra do Cavalo, Bahia, Brasil, bimestralmente, entre agosto de 2014 e junho de 2015. Registramos mais de 70 táxons distribuídos em 17 famílias, com a maioria das espécies pertencentes às famílias Lecanidae, Brachionidae e Trichocercidae. A curva de rarefação das espécies não alcançou uma assíntota total, indicando que a riqueza de espécies no reservatório é superior à registrada. Com base na frequência de ocorrência das espécies, identificamos 48 espécies raras, 16 espécies comuns, cinco espécies constantes e uma espécie frequente. Os maiores valores de diversidade beta foram registrados no ribeirinho P1 (0,513) e no intermediário P2 (0,503), embora não houvesse diferenças significativas entre os pontos de amostragem. Apesar dos altos valores de abundância em P1, P2 e P3, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os pontos estudados. Assim, este estudo aumenta substancialmente o conhecimento sobre a comunidade de rotíferos no rio Paraguaçu e contribui para estudos futuros que enfocam biodiversidade, ecologia e conservação nos ecossistemas de reservatórios brasileiros.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The construction of reservoirs is a common practice in the world. These systems modify the hydric landscape and alter the flow of rivers, becoming lotic environments in lentic. Here we investigated the structure and spatial distribution of rotifers along a tropical reservoir. We sampled four points in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir, Bahia, Brazil, bimonthly, between August 2014 and June 2015. We registered more than 70 taxa distributed in 17 families, with the majority of species belonging to the Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae families. The species rarefaction curve did not achieve a total asymptote, indicating that species richness in the reservoir is higher than what was registered. Based in the species frequency of occurrence, we identified 48 rare species, 16 common species, five constant species and one frequent species. The highest beta diversity values were registered in riverine P1 (0.513) and intermediate P2 (0.503), although there were no significant differences between the sampling points. Despite the high abundance values in P1, P2 and P3 no significant differences were found between the studied points. Thus, this study substantially increases the knowledge on the rotifer community in the Paraguaçu River and contributes to future studies that focus on biodiversity, ecology and conservation in the Brazilian reservoir ecosystems.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The construction of reservoirs is a common practice in the world. These systems modify the hydric landscape and alter the flow of rivers, becoming lotic environments in lentic. Here we investigated the structure and spatial distribution of rotifers along a tropical reservoir. We sampled four points in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir, Bahia, Brazil, bimonthly, between August 2014 and June 2015. We registered more than 70 taxa distributed in 17 families, with the majority of species belonging to the Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae families. The species rarefaction curve did not achieve a total asymptote, indicating that species richness in the reservoir is higher than what was registered. Based in the species frequency of occurrence, we identified 48 rare species, 16 common species, five constant species and one frequent species. The highest beta diversity values were registered in riverine P1 (0.513) and intermediate P2 (0.503), although there were no significant differences between the sampling points. Despite the high abundance values in P1, P2 and P3 no significant differences were found between the studied points. Thus, this study substantially increases the knowledge on the rotifer community in the Paraguaçu River and contributes to future studies that focus on biodiversity, ecology and conservation in the Brazilian reservoir ecosystems.

A construção de reservatórios é uma prática comum no mundo. Esses sistemas modificam a paisagem hídrica e alteram o fluxo dos rios, tornando-se ambientes lóticos em lênticos. Aqui investigamos a estrutura e distribuição espacial de rotíferos ao longo de um reservatório tropical. Foram amostrados quatro pontos no Reservatório da Pedra do Cavalo, Bahia, Brasil, bimestralmente, entre agosto de 2014 e junho de 2015. Registramos mais de 70 táxons distribuídos em 17 famílias, com a maioria das espécies pertencentes às famílias Lecanidae, Brachionidae e Trichocercidae. A curva de rarefação das espécies não alcançou uma assíntota total, indicando que a riqueza de espécies no reservatório é superior à registrada. Com base na frequência de ocorrência das espécies, identificamos 48 espécies raras, 16 espécies comuns, cinco espécies constantes e uma espécie frequente. Os maiores valores de diversidade beta foram registrados no ribeirinho P1 (0,513) e no intermediário P2 (0,503), embora não houvesse diferenças significativas entre os pontos de amostragem. Apesar dos altos valores de abundância em P1, P2 e P3, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os pontos estudados. Assim, este estudo aumenta substancialmente o conhecimento sobre a comunidade de rotíferos no rio Paraguaçu e contribui para estudos futuros que enfocam biodiversidade, ecologia e conservação nos ecossistemas de reservatórios brasileiros.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The construction of reservoirs is a common practice in the world. These systems modify the hydric landscape and alter the flow of rivers, becoming lotic environments in lentic. Here we investigated the structure and spatial distribution of rotifers along a tropical reservoir. We sampled four points in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir, Bahia, Brazil, bimonthly, between August 2014 and June 2015. We registered more than 70 taxa distributed in 17 families, with the majority of species belonging to the Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae families. The species rarefaction curve did not achieve a total asymptote, indicating that species richness in the reservoir is higher than what was registered. Based in the species frequency of occurrence, we identified 48 rare species, 16 common species, five constant species and one frequent species. The highest beta diversity values were registered in riverine P1 (0.513) and intermediate P2 (0.503), although there were no significant differences between the sampling points. Despite the high abundance values in P1, P2 and P3 no significant differences were found between the studied points. Thus, this study substantially increases the knowledge on the rotifer community in the Paraguaçu River and contributes to future studies that focus on biodiversity, ecology and conservation in the Brazilian reservoir ecosystems.

Resumo A construção de reservatórios é uma prática comum no mundo. Esses sistemas modificam a paisagem hídrica e alteram o fluxo dos rios, tornando-se ambientes lóticos em lênticos. Aqui investigamos a estrutura e distribuição espacial de rotíferos ao longo de um reservatório tropical. Foram amostrados quatro pontos no Reservatório da Pedra do Cavalo, Bahia, Brasil, bimestralmente, entre agosto de 2014 e junho de 2015. Registramos mais de 70 táxons distribuídos em 17 famílias, com a maioria das espécies pertencentes às famílias Lecanidae, Brachionidae e Trichocercidae. A curva de rarefação das espécies não alcançou uma assíntota total, indicando que a riqueza de espécies no reservatório é superior à registrada. Com base na frequência de ocorrência das espécies, identificamos 48 espécies raras, 16 espécies comuns, cinco espécies constantes e uma espécie frequente. Os maiores valores de diversidade beta foram registrados no ribeirinho P1 (0,513) e no intermediário P2 (0,503), embora não houvesse diferenças significativas entre os pontos de amostragem. Apesar dos altos valores de abundância em P1, P2 e P3, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os pontos estudados. Assim, este estudo aumenta substancialmente o conhecimento sobre a comunidade de rotíferos no rio Paraguaçu e contribui para estudos futuros que enfocam biodiversidade, ecologia e conservação nos ecossistemas de reservatórios brasileiros.

RESUMO

The tongue plays an important role in oral functions. Reduced tongue strength is often noted among children with mouth-breathing behaviour. The purposes of this study were to measure the tongue pressure in children with mouth-breathing behaviour, to compare these values to those of children with nasal-breathing behaviour and to analyse the relationship between age and tongue pressure in children with a mouth-breathing pattern and in children with a nasal-breathing pattern. In this cross-sectional analytical observational study, we enroled 40 children aged 5-12 years who either exhibited mouth-breathing behaviour (n = 20) or nasal-breathing behaviour (gender- and age-matched [±2 years] controls; n = 20). Tongue pressure was evaluated using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument; 3 measurements were recorded for each participant, with a 30-seconds rest interval. The average tongue pressure in the mouth-breathing group was lower than that in the nasal-breathing group. There was no difference in tongue pressure between genders. There was a strong and direct correlation between tongue pressure and age in the nasal-breathing group. The breathing pattern impacts tongue pressure development.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract The construction of reservoirs is a common practice in the world. These systems modify the hydric landscape and alter the flow of rivers, becoming lotic environments in lentic. Here we investigated the structure and spatial distribution of rotifers along a tropical reservoir. We sampled four points in the Pedra do Cavalo Reservoir, Bahia, Brazil, bimonthly, between August 2014 and June 2015. We registered more than 70 taxa distributed in 17 families, with the majority of species belonging to the Lecanidae, Brachionidae and Trichocercidae families. The species rarefaction curve did not achieve a total asymptote, indicating that species richness in the reservoir is higher than what was registered. Based in the species frequency of occurrence, we identified 48 rare species, 16 common species, five constant species and one frequent species. The highest beta diversity values were registered in riverine P1 (0.513) and intermediate P2 (0.503), although there were no significant differences between the sampling points. Despite the high abundance values in P1, P2 and P3 no significant differences were found between the studied points. Thus, this study substantially increases the knowledge on the rotifer community in the Paraguaçu River and contributes to future studies that focus on biodiversity, ecology and conservation in the Brazilian reservoir ecosystems.

Resumo A construção de reservatórios é uma prática comum no mundo. Esses sistemas modificam a paisagem hídrica e alteram o fluxo dos rios, tornando-se ambientes lóticos em lênticos. Aqui investigamos a estrutura e distribuição espacial de rotíferos ao longo de um reservatório tropical. Foram amostrados quatro pontos no Reservatório da Pedra do Cavalo, Bahia, Brasil, bimestralmente, entre agosto de 2014 e junho de 2015. Registramos mais de 70 táxons distribuídos em 17 famílias, com a maioria das espécies pertencentes às famílias Lecanidae, Brachionidae e Trichocercidae. A curva de rarefação das espécies não alcançou uma assíntota total, indicando que a riqueza de espécies no reservatório é superior à registrada. Com base na frequência de ocorrência das espécies, identificamos 48 espécies raras, 16 espécies comuns, cinco espécies constantes e uma espécie frequente. Os maiores valores de diversidade beta foram registrados no ribeirinho P1 (0,513) e no intermediário P2 (0,503), embora não houvesse diferenças significativas entre os pontos de amostragem. Apesar dos altos valores de abundância em P1, P2 e P3, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os pontos estudados. Assim, este estudo aumenta substancialmente o conhecimento sobre a comunidade de rotíferos no rio Paraguaçu e contribui para estudos futuros que enfocam biodiversidade, ecologia e conservação nos ecossistemas de reservatórios brasileiros.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra- and interobserver reliability of assessment of three-dimensional power Doppler (3D-PD) indices from single spherical samples of the placenta. METHODS: Women with singleton pregnancies at 24-40 weeks' gestation were included. Three scans were independently performed by two observers; Observer 1 performed the first and third scan, intercalated by the scan of Observer 2. The observers independently analyzed the 3D-PD datasets that they had previously acquired using four different methods, each using a spherical sample: random sample extending from basal to chorionic plate; random sample with 2 cm(3) of volume; directed sample to the region subjectively determined as containing more color Doppler signals extending from basal to chorionic plate; or directed sample with 2 cm(3) of volume. The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were evaluated in each case. The observers were blinded to their own and each other's results. Additional evaluation was performed according to placental location: anterior, posterior and fundal or lateral. Intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: Ninety-five pregnancies were included in the analysis. All three placental 3D-PD indices showed only weak to moderate reliability (ICC < 0.66 and ICC < 0.48, intra- and interobserver, respectively). The highest values of ICC were observed when using directed spherical samples from basal to chorionic plate. When analyzed by placental location, we found lower ICCs for lateral and fundal placentae compared to anterior and posterior ones. CONCLUSION: Intra- and interobserver reliability of assessment of placental 3D-PD indices from single spherical samples in pregnant women greater than 24 weeks' gestation is poor to moderate, and clinical usefulness of these indices is likely to be limited.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the intraobserver and interobserver reliability and agreement for the biparietal diameter (BPD), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) obtained by two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US). METHODS: Singleton pregnant women between 24 and 40 weeks were invited to participate in this study. They were examined using 2D-US in a blinded manner, twice by one observer, intercalated by a scan by a second observer, to determine BPD, AC and FL. In each of the three examinations, three 3D-US datasets (head, abdomen and thigh) were acquired for measurements of the same parameters. We determined EFW using Hadlock's formula. Systematic errors between 3D-US and 2D-US were examined using the paired t-test. Reliability and agreement were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), limits of agreement (LoA), SD of differences and proportion of differences below arbitrary points. RESULTS: We evaluated 102 singleton pregnancies. No significant systematic error between 2D-US and 3D-US was observed. The ICC values were higher for 3D-US in both intra- and interobserver evaluations; however, only for FL was there no overlap in the 95% CI. The LoA values were wider for 2D-US, suggesting that random errors were smaller when using 3D-US. Additionally, we observed that the SD values determined from 3D-US differences were smaller than those obtained for 2D-US. Higher proportions of differences were below the arbitrarily defined cut-off points when using 3D-US. CONCLUSION: 3D-US improved the reliability and agreement of fetal measurements and EFW compared with 2D-US.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Storing hatchable eggs is a common practice in commercial hatcheries. However, storage time may negative effects on several performance parameters. An experiment was carried out to evaluate inverting egg position during storage of eggs laid by young and old layer breeders. Fertile eggs of 32 and 58-week-old breeders were stored for seven, 14, and 21 days at 18ºC ± 2ºC and 80% ± 10% relative humidity (RU). The following parameters were evaluated: egg weight loss, hatchability and hatchling weight, and embryodiagnosis results. Eggs stored with the small end up lost less weight during storage compared with the control eggs. Storing eggs for 14 days with the small end up reduced early embryo mortality, improving hatchability. In addition, hatchling weight increased. These results show that the detrimental effects of long storage periods may be alleviated when eggs are stored with the small end up to 14 days of storage.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

MicroRNAs are small 21-nucleotide RNA molecules with regulatory roles in development and in response to stress. Expression of some plant miRNAs has been specifically associated with responses to abiotic stresses caused by cold, light, iron, and copper ions. In acid soils, aluminum solubility increases, thereby causing severe damage to plants. Although physiological aspects of aluminum toxicity in plants have been well characterized, the molecular mediators are not fully elucidated. There have been no reports about miRNA responses to aluminum stress. Modulation of miRNA expression may constitute a key element to explain the mechanisms implicated in aluminum toxicity and tolerance. We examined the expression of at least one miRNA member from each miRNA family in rice roots of Oryza sativa spp indica cv. Embrapa Taim and Oryza sativa spp japonica cv. Nipponbare under high concentrations of aluminum. Forty-six miRNA families were effectively detected by quantitative PCR. Among these, 13 were down-regulated and six were up-regulated in roots of the Nipponbare cultivar after 8 h of aluminum treatment. In roots of the Embrapa Taim cultivar, five miRNAs were down-regulated and three were up-regulated. Analyses of their putative targets suggest that these rice miRNAs are involved in the regulation of various metabolic pathways in response to high concentrations of aluminum.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, we examined the physiochemical properties of nasoenteral feeding tubes made from two different types of polymer: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm-2 of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer's physicochemical surface characteristics.

RESUMO

IN THIS STUDY, WE EXAMINED THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NASOENTERAL FEEDING TUBES MADE FROM TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLYMER: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm(-2) of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer's physicochemical surface characteristics.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this study, we examined the physiochemical properties of nasoenteral feeding tubes made from two different types of polymer: silicone materials and polyurethane. The internal surfaces of the nasoenteral feeding tubes were analyzed for their hydrophobicity, roughness, microtopography, rupture-tension and ability to stretch. We also studied the adhesion of an isolated, multi-drug resistant strain of S. aureus to these polymers. The polyurethane nasoenteral tube, which was classified as hydrophilic, was more resistant to rupture-tension and stretching tests than the silicone tube, which was classified as hydrophobic. Additionally, the polyurethane tube had a rougher surface than the silicone tube. Approximately 1.0 log CFU.cm-2 of S. aureus cells adhered to the tubes and this number was not statistically different between the two types of surfaces (p > 0.05). In future studies, new polymers for nasoenteral feeding tubes should be tested for their ability to support bacterial growth. Bacterial adhesion to these polymers can easily be reduced through modification of the polymer's physicochemical surface characteristics.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat digestive disorders. In this study, acute and subchronic toxicity and cytotoxicity of stem bark ethanolic extract of Aspidosperma subincanum (EEAs) have been evaluated. In addition, phytochemical analysis was performed. The EEAs had low acute toxicity in mice with LD50 =1129 +/- 154mg/kg p.o. and 397 +/- 15 mg/kg i.p. The LC50 was 1340 +/- 428 microg/mL in the brine shrimp assay. There was no relevance of serious changes in behavioral, hematological and biochemical parameters and no deleterious effect on vital organs of rats that resulted after 30 days daily exposure to 5 and 100 mg/kg of EEAs. Phytochemical analysis of stem bark of A. subincanum revealed the presence of indole alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and tannins and resulted in the isolation of oleic acid and guatambuine as major constituents. Using the method of the dose by factor approach, the human safe dose was 210 mg/70 kg/day. The EEAs appears to be safe and non-toxic in low doses in rodents and domestic preparations used by population have relatively security.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Zinc-blende ZnSe powder, with particles containing nanometric grains, was prepared using the mechanical alloying technique, from an equiatomic mixture of elemental Zn and Se powders. An important interfacial component was observed in the as-milled powder, which affects its thermal and optical properties. In order to obtain a high-quality zinc-blende ZnSe powder an annealing process was applied. The structural properties of both as-milled and annealed powders were characterized by an x-ray diffraction technique. The effects of defect centers on the optical band gap of both as-milled and annealed zinc-blende ZnSe powders were studied through optical absorbance measurements. The results showed a substantial broadening and a shift of the band gap energy to lower values in the as-milled powder, while for the annealed sample no effects were observed. For the annealed sample, the measured band gap energy value is in good agreement with those reported in the literature. A sequence of photoacoustic absorption measurements of the as-milled ZnSe sample showed that the absorbed energy promotes a structural relaxation. This relaxation causes a change in the heat transfer mechanism from thermal diffusion to thermoelastic bending and a reduction in the thermal diffusivity values. Similar measurements of the annealed nanostructured ZnSe sample showed the thermal diffusivity value to have a high degree of stability, and to be in good agreement with values reported in the literature.

RESUMO

Ga K-edge energy dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements were employed to follow the pressure-induced semiconductor-metal phase transition of nanocrystalline GaSb produced by mechanical alloying up to 26 GPa. The results showed a slight increase of the phase transition pressures for both as-milled (8 GPa) and annealed (10 GPa) GaSb samples, as compared to that for the bulk one. The extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis of the zinc blende (ZB) pressure domain (<10 GPa) showed that the microscopic compressibility of the bonds in the as-milled/annealed samples is higher/lower than the crystalline bulk modulus (56 GPa). The comparison between x-ray absorption near edge structure regions of the spectra and multiple scattering calculations suggests that the ZB structure evolves to a short-range chemically ordered ß-Sn structure for pressures as high as 8 GPa. Raman measurements confirm the semiconductor-metal phase transitions of ZB-GaSb between 8 and 11 GPa for both as-milled and annealed samples, showing that the semiconductor character was not recovered on releasing the pressure down to 3.9 and 1.8 GPa, indicating a very strong hysteresis effect (or even irreversible transitions). The well-known transverse effective charge reduction with pressure was also observed. Furthermore, resonance behaviour is clearly seen for transverse optical phonons and the resonance maxima peak occurs at about 1.2 GPa, corresponding to 2.11 eV in the E(1) scale, smaller by 0.3 eV than the incident photon energy.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic sclerotherapy is considered a first line therapy to stop bleeding from esophageal varices, but acute variceal bleeding is still associated with high risk of rebleeding and death. We compared the use of octreotide with endoscopic sclerotherapy versus sclerotherapy alone to control acute variceal bleeding and prevent rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective controlled trial, 68 patients with cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding who underwent emergency sclerotherapy were randomly assigned to receive a continuous infusion of octreotide or placebo for two days. The primary outcome measure was 7-day mortality. RESULTS: After seven days the overall mortality was 19.1%, and the proportion of patients who died in octreotide group (8 of 40, or 20%) was similar to the placebo group (5 of 28, or 17.85%; p = 0.74). Rebleeding occurred in 20.6% (14 of 68 patients), being 20% (8 of 40) in the octreotide group vs. 21.4% (6 of 28) in the placebo group (p = 0.88). The mean number of units of blood transfused after sclerotherapy was 2.05 units in the octreotide group vs. 2.08 units in the placebo group (p = 0.96). Thirty patients needed intensive care support (20 of 40 in the octreotide group vs. 10 of 28 in the placebo group; p = 0.24). The differences remained without statistical significance even after adjustment for hepatic function and endoscopic bleeding stigmata by a linear regression model analysis test. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cirrhosis, octreotide intravenous per 48h associated with sclerotherapy is not superior to sclerotherapy alone in terms of 7-day mortality, frequency of rebleeding, number of units of packet red blood cell transfusion and length of stay in intensive care setting.

Assuntos