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1.
Carbohydr Polym ; 105: 293-9, 2014 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24708983

RESUMO

ß-d-glucans are polymers of d-glucose monomers found in the cell walls of many bacteria, plants, fungi and yeasts. A variety of ß-d-glucans differing in structures have been isolated from various sources and their biological activity to be regulated by various structural factors, such as the primary structure, molecular weight, solubility, and conformation. This study investigated the effect of extraction time and temperature on the yield of ß-d-glucan produced by Rhodotorulamucilaginosa. A statistical Doehlert design was applied to determine the important effects and interactions of these independent variables on the yield of ß-d-glucan, the dependent variable. Significant models were obtained. The best yield was of 25% obtained after 128min of extraction in a temperature of 72°C. The polysaccharides were characterized as (1⟶3)-ß-d-glucan by methods spectroscopic (FT-IR, (1)HNMR and (13)CNMR). In addition, the antinociceptive effect was evaluated using different experimental tests (acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test and tail immersion test). The (1⟶3)-ß-d-glucan showed a potent peripheral antinociceptive effect, possibly by the inhibition of inflammatory mediators.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/química , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Rhodotorula/química , beta-Glucanas/química , beta-Glucanas/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Fracionamento Químico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Camundongos , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , beta-Glucanas/isolamento & purificação
2.
Inflamm Res ; 61(4): 337-48, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22249931

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Endothelins (ETs) are involved in several inflammatory events. The present study investigated the efficacy of bosentan, a dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. TREATMENT: CIA was induced in DBA/1J mice. Arthritic mice were treated with bosentan (100 mg/kg) once a day, starting from the day when arthritis was clinically detectable. METHODS: CIA progression was assessed by measurements of visual clinical score, paw swelling and hypernociception. Histological changes, neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in the joints. Gene expression in the lymph nodes of arthritic mice was evaluated by microarray technology. PreproET-1 mRNA expression in the lymph nodes of mice and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by real-time PCR. The differences were evaluated by one-way ANOVA or Student's t test. RESULTS: Oral treatment with bosentan markedly ameliorated the clinical aspects of CIA (visual clinical score, paw swelling and hyperalgesia). Bosentan treatment also reduced joint damage, leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1ß, TNFα and IL-17) in the joint tissues. Changes in gene expression in the lymph nodes of arthritic mice returned to the levels of the control mice after bosentan treatment. PreproET mRNA expression increased in PBMCs from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients but returned to basal level in PBMCs from patients under anti-TNF therapy. In-vitro treatment of PBMCs with TNFα upregulated ET system genes. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that ET receptor antagonists, such as bosentan, might be useful in controlling RA. Moreover, it seems that ET mediation of arthritis is triggered by TNFα.


Assuntos
Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Citocinas/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores de Endotelina , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Animais , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Experimental/metabolismo , Artrite Experimental/patologia , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/metabolismo , Bosentana , Células Cultivadas , Endotelina-1/genética , Endotelina-1/metabolismo , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Linfonodos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Masculino , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo
3.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 9(2): 216-22, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19070683

RESUMO

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a cannabinoid component from Cannabis sativa that does not induce psychotomimetic effects and possess anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study we tested the effects of CBD in a periodontitis experimental model in rats. We also investigated possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Periodontal disease was induced by a ligature placed around the mandible first molars of each animal. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control animals; ligature-induced animals treated with vehicle and ligature-induced animals treated with CBD (5 mg/kg, daily). Thirty days after the induction of periodontal disease the animals were sacrificed and mandibles and gingival tissues removed for further analysis. Morphometrical analysis of alveolar bone loss demonstrated that CBD-treated animals presented a decreased alveolar bone loss and a lower expression of the activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand RANKL/RANK. Moreover, gingival tissues from the CBD-treated group showed decreased neutrophil migration (MPO assay) associated with lower interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. These results indicate that CBD may be useful to control bone resorption during progression of experimental periodontitis in rats.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Reabsorção Óssea/tratamento farmacológico , Canabidiol/uso terapêutico , Citocinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Ligante RANK/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor Ativador de Fator Nuclear kappa-B/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea/etiologia , Reabsorção Óssea/patologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Periodontite/complicações , Periodontite/patologia , Peroxidase/imunologia , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
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