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BACKGROUND: The effects of hyperandrogenism and steroid treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are controversial. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize BMD and fractures in patients with CAH and to identify whether there is an association between alterations in BMD, nutritional status, and variables related to the disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to explore clinical, hormonal, dairy consumption, physical activity, and BMD variables in patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and controls matched by age, gender, skin color, body mass index, and Tanner scale. RESULTS: Fifty subjects (CAH n = 25; females n = 42 [84%]) with a mean age of 15.9 ± 5.8 years were included in the study. White skin color predominated in 34 subjects (68%), mestizo in 11 (22%), and black in 5 (10%). In patients with CAH, BMD lumbar spine was decreased compared to that in controls (0.83 ± 0.23 vs. 0.98 ± 0.26 g/cm3, p = 0.004). BMD femur was also decreased in patients with CAH; however, this was not significant (0.95 ± 0.20 vs. 1.04 ± 0.24 g/cm3, p = 0.17). There was a positive relationship between age at diagnosis, age of initiation of glucocorticoid treatment, and testosterone levels with all measurements of BMD. The daily glucocorticoid dose was negatively related to BMD. No fractures were found. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CAH had decreased BMD, especially in lumbar spine. Increased androgen exposure seemed to improve, while increased glucocorticoid dose impaired BMD.

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Introducción: La terapia de reemplazo con glucocorticoides sigue siendo el paradigma de tratamiento en las formas clásicas de la hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita. Sus efectos sobre la mineralización ósea no están totalmente claros. Objetivo: Describir las variables relacionadas con la masa ósea en pacientes con HSC que reciben tratamiento esteroideo sustitutivo. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que exploró variables clínicas, bioquímicas, hormonales y de mineralización óseaen 25 pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita por déficit de 21OHasa y tratamiento esteroideo. Resultados: 21 (84,0 por ciento) femeninas, el mayor grupo correspondió a los adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años (52 por ciento). Predominaron las formas clásicas con 22 pacientes (88,0 por ciento), de ellas 13 (52 por ciento) fueron perdedoras de sal, 9 virilizantes simples (36,0 por ciento) y solo 3 (12,0 por ciento) formas no clásicas. El esteroide más utilizado fue la hidrocortisona en 16 pacientes (64 por ciento), a una dosis media de 22,10±12,00 mg diarios, correspondiendo con 17,09±5,71 mg/m2sc/día y como promedio llevaban 14,02±6,57 años de terapéutica sustitutiva. No se detectaron alteraciones del metabolismo fosfocálcico. La densidad y el contenido mineral óseo en columna y en fémur mostraron valores superiores en las formas no clásicas de la enfermedad, seguidos de la virilizante simple y finalmente los pacientes perdedores de sal, en ninguno de los casos con significación estadística. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita del presente estudio mostraron en su mayoría una masa ósea conservada(AU)

Introduction: Glucocorticoid replacement therapy is still the treatment´s paradigm in the classic forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Its effects on bone mineralization are not entirely clear. Objective: Describe bone mass-related variables in congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients receiving substitute steroid treatment. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted exploring clinical, biochemical, hormonal and bone mineralization variables in 25 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21OHase deficiency and steroid treatments. Results: 21 women (84.0 percent); the largest group was of adolescents between the age of 10 and 19 years (52 percent).Classical forms predominated with 22 patients (88.0 percent), including 13 of them (52 percent) that were salt losers, 9 simple virilizers (36.0 percent) and only 3 (12.0 percent) of non-classical forms. The most commonly used steroid was hydrocortisone in 16 patients (64 percent), at an average dose of 22.10±12.00 mg daily, corresponding to 17.09±5.71 mg/m2sc/day and on average carried 14.02±6.57 years of substitute therapy. No alterations in the phosphocalcic metabolism were detected. Density and bone mineral content in the spinal column and femur showed higher values in non-classical forms of the disease, followed by simple virilizing and finally the salt loser patients, in none of the cases with statistical significance. Conclusions: Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in this study showed mostly preserved bone mass(AU)

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Previous studies have shown that an epidermal growth factor-based formulation (Heberprot-P) can enhance granulation of high-grade diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effects of this administration up to complete wound closure. A pilot study in 20 diabetic patients with full-thickness lower extremity ulcers of more than 4 weeks of evolution was performed. Mean ulcer size was 16.3 +/- 21.3 cm(2). Intralesional injections of 75 microg of Heberprot-P three times per week were given up to complete wound healing. Full granulation response was achieved in all 20 patients in 23.6 +/- 3.8 days. Complete wound closure was obtained in 17 (85%) cases in 44.3 +/- 8.9 days. Amputation was not necessary in any case and only one relapse was notified. The most frequent adverse events were tremors, chills, pain and odour at site of administration and local infection. The therapeutic scheme of intralesional Heberprot-P administration up to complete closure can be safe and suitable to improve the therapeutic goal in terms of healing of chronic DFU.

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