RESUMO
Peru struggles to prevent cervical cancer (CC). In the jungle, prevention programs suffer from significant barriers although technology exists to detect CC precursors. This study used community based participatory research (CBPR) methods to overcome barriers. The objective was to evaluate the utility of CBPR techniques in a mother-child screen/treat and vaccinate program for CC prevention in the Peruvian jungle. The CC prevention program used self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) for screening, cryotherapy for treatment and the HPV vaccine Gardasil for vaccination. Community health leaders (HL) from around Iquitos participated in a two half day educational course. The HLs then decided how to implement interventions in their villages or urban sectors. The success of the program was measured by: (1) ability of the HLs to determine an implementation plan, (2) proper use of research forms, (3) participation and retention rates, and (4) participants' satisfaction. HLs successfully registered 320 women at soup kitchens, schools, and health posts. Screening, treatment, and vaccination were successfully carried out using forms for registration, consent, and results with minimum error. In the screen/treat intervention 100% of participants gave an HPV sample and 99.7% reported high satisfaction; 81% of HPV + women were treated, and 57% returned for 6-month followup. Vaccine intervention: 98% of girls received the 1st vaccine, 88% of those received the 2nd, and 65% the 3rd. CBPR techniques successfully helped implement a screen/treat and vaccinate CC prevention program around Iquitos, Peru. These techniques may be appropriate for large-scale preventive health-care interventions.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Programas de Rastreamento , Núcleo Familiar , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Papillomavirus/terapia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Peru , População Rural , VacinaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study utilized a combination of HPV self-sampling, iFTA elute specimen cards, and long distance transport for centralized processing of specimens to determine the feasibility of large-scale screening in remote and transient populations. METHODS: This study was performed in two locations in Peru (Manchay and Iquitos). The "Just For Me" cervico-vaginal brush and iFTA elute cards were used for the collection and transport of specimens. Samples were shipped via FedEx to China and tested for 14 types of high-risk HPV using PCR based MALDI-TOF. HPV positive women were treated with cryotherapy after VIA triage, and followed-up with colposcopy, biopsy, ECC, and repeat HPV testing at 6 months. RESULTS: Six hundred and forty three women registered, and 632 returned a sample over a 10 day period. Within 2 weeks, specimens were shipped, samples tested, and results received by study staff. Sixty-eight women (10.8%) tested positive, and these results were delivered over 4 days. Fifty-nine HPV positive women (87%) returned for evaluation and treatment, and 2 had large lesions not suitable for cryotherapy. At 6 months, 42 women (74%) returned for follow-up, and 3 had CIN 2 (all positive samples from the endocervical canal). Ninety eight percent of participants reported that they would participate in this type of program again. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing HPV self-sampling, solid media specimen cards for long distance transport, and centralized high throughput processing, we achieved rapid delivery of results, high satisfaction levels, and low loss to follow-up for cervical cancer screening in remote and transient populations.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Esfregaço Vaginal/métodos , Adulto , Crioterapia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/instrumentação , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Testes de DNA para Papilomavírus Humano , Humanos , Perda de Seguimento , Programas de Rastreamento/instrumentação , Programas de Rastreamento/organização & administração , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/terapia , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Peru , Serviços de Saúde Rural/organização & administração , Manejo de Espécimes/instrumentação , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia , Esfregaço Vaginal/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Although technology for early detection continues to improve, prevention programs suffer from significant barriers. Community-based participatory research is an approach to research which focuses on collaboration with the community to surmount these barriers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of community-based participatory research techniques in a mother-child screen/treat and vaccinate program for cervical cancer prevention in Manchay, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling and cryotherapy were used for the screen/treat intervention, and the Gardasil vaccine was used for the vaccine intervention. Community health workers from Manchay participated in a 3-day educational course, designed by the research team. The community health workers then decided how to implement the interventions in their community. The success of the program was measured by (1) the ability of the community health workers to determine an implementation plan, (2) the successful use of research forms provided, (3) participation and retention rates, and (4) satisfaction of the participants. RESULTS: (1) The community health workers used a door-to-door approach through which participants were successfully registered and both interventions were successfully carried out; (2) registration forms, consent forms, and result forms were used correctly with minimal error; (3) screen/treat intervention: 97% of registered participants gave an HPV sample, 94% of HPV-positive women were treated, and 90% returned for 6-month follow-up; vaccine intervention: 95% of registered girls received the first vaccine, 97% of those received the second vaccine, and 93% the third; (4) 96% of participants in the screen/treat intervention reported high satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based participatory research techniques successfully helped to implement a screen/treat and vaccinate cervical cancer prevention program in Manchay, Peru. These techniques may help overcome barriers to large-scale preventive health-care interventions.