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The aim of the present study was to identify the efficacy and safety of Oncoxin-Viusid (OV) as a supportive treatment for patients with prostate cancer (PCA). A prospective, non-randomised, open-label phase II clinical trial, including 25 patients with hormone-refractory PCA (HRPC) was conducted at the Hospital Universitario General Calixto García (Havana, Cuba) between June 2017 and March 2018. Each of the patients received chemotherapy (CTX) and/or radiotherapy (RT) and OV treatment. Patients had a mean age of 73 years, clinical stage IV cancer and a high risk of relapse. Six cycles of CTX were completed by 80% of the patients, adverse reactions decreased and no weight loss was observed. Among the 25 patients, 5 were lost to follow-up and 4 died of disease progression. A total of 16 of these patients survived, of which 15 had an improved quality of life and 10 responded to treatment, with a significant reduction in pain and prostate symptoms and ≥50% reduction in baseline PSA. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 59% and the overall survival (OS) rate 64% at 1 year after treatment began. The OV nutritional supplement was effective, leading to a significant improvement in the patients' quality of life, good nutritional status and greater treatment tolerance. A clinical and humoral response was observed, with high survival rates and a delayed appearance of signs of disease progression. The present study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov PRS with ID #NCT03543670.

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INTRODUCTION: Estimating childhood cancer incidence globally is hampered by lack of reliable data and uniform age limits for classifying and analyzing data reported. In Cuba, cancer data has been systematically gathered and processed by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) since 1964. The International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC) is currently recommended for registering neoplasms in the population aged < or =19 years. Cancer incidence data published by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, however, uses ICCC diagnostic groups for the population aged <15 years, and topographic sites for the population aged > or =15 years. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study are to describe cancer incidence in the Cuban population aged < or =19 years in 2001-2003 using the ICCC, as well as geographic distribution of incidence by sex and by principal diagnostic groups. METHODS: A descriptive study of cancer incidence in the population aged < or =19 years was conducted using NCR data for 2001-2003. ICCC diagnostic groups and subgroups were used, and 5 age groups (<1, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 years) were analyzed. Total incidence and percentages for each diagnostic group were calculated. Number of cases in each diagnostic group and subgroup was also recorded by age group, and age-specific rates per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years (ASR) and age-adjusted rates to the standard world population aged < or =19 years (AAR) were calculated. AARs for leukemias, lymphomas and central nervous system (CNS) tumors were used to analyze childhood cancer risk by sex and geographical distribution in the country's 14 provinces and Isle of Youth Special Municipality. RESULTS: In 2001-2003, the NCR reported 1285 new cancer cases in the population aged < or =19 years for an overall incidence of 13.9 per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years (AAR). Highest risk was found in children aged <1 year with an ASR of 21.9 per 100,000 population aged < or =19 years. Leukemias, lymphomas and central nervous system tumors comprised 61.1% of new cases, and geographic distribution of these diagnostic groups varied by sex. Childhood cancer risk was highest for males in Ciego de Avila, Villa Clara and the Isle of Youth Special Municipality and highest for females in Sancti Spiritus, Villa Clara and Cienfuegos. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of childhood cancer in Cuba conforms to rates reported internationally and to the incidence pattern most common in Latin America. Further research is recommended to examine risk factors influencing geographical variations in incidence within Cuba.

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Introduction In Cuba, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the malignant neoplasm with the fourth-highest incidence and third-highest mortality. Over one-third of CRC patients exhibit metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Standard treatment for metastatic CRC is a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + Folinic Acid (FA) continuous infusion regimen. International studies have shown, however, that systemic therapy using oxaliplatin combined with 5-FU and FA (FOLFOX-4) improves results in terms of both tumor response and survival in patients with inoperable metastatic CRC. Objective Evaluate the FOLFOX-4 regimen as a first-line therapy for patients with inoperable metastatic CRC in Cuba. Methods FOLFOX-4 therapy was administered to 56 patients with metastatic CRC, in a treatment cycle repeated every 2 weeks for 6-8 cycles. Patients were followed up for a period of 2 years. Results Objective response was attained in 44.6% of patients, and complete response in 12.5%. Median duration of response and of progression-free survival was 9.6 and 8.9 months, respectively. Estimated survival at 2 years was 17% (95% CI: 6.89-26.8). The most frequent adverse events were nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and neutropenia, the majority grade 1-2, according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) classification. Conclusions In patients studied, the FOLFOX-4 combination was shown to be an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic option for treating inoperable metastatic colorectal cancer.

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Las proyecciones de las cifras de incidencia de cáncer indican un incremento futuro de estas cifras en todo el mundo, los cambios más conspicuos en países en vías de desarrollo pueden ser atribuidos en gran parte al envejecimiento de la población. Este envejecimiento es heterogéneo, se está produciendo a un ritmo más rápido que el registrado históricamente en los países desarrollados, ocurre en un contexto caracterizado por una gran incidencia de la pobreza y una persistente y aguda iniquidad social. Mientras que la población de Paraguay es una población aún joven, la de Uruguay está en franco envejecimiento. La transición demográfica hacia el 2020 es más alarmante para Cuba, Puerto Rico y Martinica y Guadalupe, que para el resto de los países, con un incremento porcentual de la población de 65 años y más, superior al 40 %. Los valores de la Razón Estandarizada de Incidencia por cáncer son superiores al 100 % en los países más envejecidos e inferiores al 100 % en los grupos menos envejecidos, lo que es un reflejo de que el riesgo de enfermar de cáncer guarda una estrecha relación con el envejecimiento de la población. La transición demográfica muestra la urgencia de establecer políticas públicas para las personas de 60 y más años en la región. La prevención primaria podría ser la alternativa más plausible para evitar los incrementos futuros en el costo de la salud como consecuencia del incremento de las cifras de cáncer.

Projections of cancer incidence figures point to a future increase of these figures worldwide; the most conspicuous changes in developing countries may be greatly attributed to the population aging. This aging is heterogeneous, occurs at a faster rate than that historically recorded in developed countries, in a context characterized by a high incidence of poverty and persistent acute social inequality. Whereas the Paraguay 's population is still young, the Uruguayan population is undergoing a real aging process. The demographic transition towards the year 2020 is more alarming for Cuba, Porto Rico, Martinique and Guadeloupe than for the rest of the countries, with a percentage increase of 65 years old and over population exceeding 40%. The figures of the Standardized Ratio of Cancer Incidence are higher than 100% in the oldest countries and under 100% in less aged groups, which shows that the risk of getting sick with cancer is closely related with the population aging. The demographic transition demonstrates the urgent need of setting out public policies for people aged 60 years or more in the region. The prevention at primary care could be the most plausible alternative to avoid future increases in the healthcare cost as a result of a rise of cancer incidence figures.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of two educational strategies to prevent tobacco addiction in schoolchildren living in Herault, France. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted to deliver an intervention and make a concurrent comparison, among elementary school, fifth-grade students, during school years 1992 to 1995, in Herault Department, Montpellier, France. Three observation groups were included: Group 1 was subject to a cross-sectional educational intervention; Group 2 was only subject to a single health activity on World Day Against Smoking; and Group 3 or control was not subject to any intervention. RESULTS: The prognostic role of peers and the family setting on tobacco consumption was confirmed; after three years, the Group subject to the sustained cross-sectional intervention showed a prevalence of smokers significantly lower than that of the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Even though tobacco consumption seems to begin earlier in boys than in girls, in the former the prevalence increases from 0.7 to 7% after three years. Preventive educational interventions should be maintained and reinforced to be effective on the initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking among children.

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Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de dos estrategias educativas para la prevención del tabaquismo en jóvenes de edad escolar. Material y métodos. Estudio de intervención, de comparación concurrente, con alumnos del quinto grado de primaria durante los cursos de 1992 a 1995, efectuado en el Departamento del Herault, Montpellier, Francia. Se incluyeron tres grupos de observación: grupo I, sometido durante el año escolar a un programa educativo transversal; grupo II, sometido el "Día Mundial sin Fumar" a una acción puntual, y el grupo III, testigo, no sometido a intervención, cuyos resultados se compararon con ji cuadrado y se hizo regresión logística. Resultados. Se confirma el papel pronóstico de sus iguales y del entorno familiar sobre el consumo de tabaco. Transcurridos tres años, el grupo sometido a la intervención transversal sostenida muestra una prevalencia de fumadores significativamente inferior a la de los otros dos grupos. Conclusiones. Aunque el consumo de tabaco parece iniciar más tardíamente en las niñas que en los niños, en este estudio la prevalencia aumenta al cabo de tres años, de 0.7 a 7 por ciento. Deben mantenerse y reforzarse en tiempo y lugar las acciones educativas de prevención para que tengan influencia y eficacia en la iniciación y disminución del consumo de tabaco en los niños.

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of two educational strategies to prevent tobacco addiction in schoolchildren living in Herault, France. Material and Methods. A study was conducted to deliver an intervention and make a concurrent comparison, among elementary school, fifth-grade students, during school years 1992 to 1995, in Herault Department, Montpellier, France. Three observation groups were included: Group 1 was subject to a cross-sectional educational intervention; Group 2 was only subject to a single health activity on World Day Against Smoking; and Group 3 or control was not subject to any intervention. Results. The prognostic role of peers and the family setting on tobacco consumption was confirmed; after three years, the Group subject to the sustained cross-sectional intervention showed a prevalence of smokers significantly lower than that of the other two groups. Conclusions. Even though tobacco consumption seems to begin earlier in boys than in girls, in the former the prevalence increases from 0.7 to 7 percent after three years. Preventive educational interventions should be maintained and reinforced to be effective on the initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking among children.

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Estudiamos cigogenéticamente las crías de ratones provenientes de madres expuestas a condesado de humo de cigarrillos, como posible indicador de daño inducido sobre el genoma de estos roedores. Encontramos en la generación F1 aberraciones cromosómicas que presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las crías de madres tratadas con condensado y las de controles y testigos, así como la aparición de células con 41 cromosomas en las crías F1 tratadas y sólo en ellas. En la generación F2 no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de aberraciones cromosómicas

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En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados encontrados en un estudio nacional de los Trabajos de Terminación de Residencia (TTR) realizados en el presente quinquenio con el fin de estableder un diagnóstico sobre el uso de la metodología de la investigación en el desarrollo de los mismos. Paralelamente se pretende identificar el grado de rigor metodológico con que se realizan los TTR y establecer la relación que pudiera existir entre el apoyo docente recibido por los estudiantes para esa tarea y el rigor metodológico alcanzado por los mismos. Con ese fin se eligió una muestra equiprobalística de 126 especialístas; sus TTR fueron evaluados y sus autores interrogados. Para el análisis de dos revelan que prevalece una situación que demanda atención priorizada. Entre los más relevantes se halla el bajo nivel de compromiso de los tutores con el TTR, la naturaleza predominante descriptiva y carente de profundidad de los trabajos y la falta de consecuencia en la cadena objetivo-método-conclusiones

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