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Sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF6) is used as a dielectric insulator in the acceleration process of certain medical linear accelerator waveguides. Nevertheless, some innovative development and investigation cases require intervention in the linear accelerator or, specifically, on the waveguide, which could affect the sealing of the device. In this regard, vacuum sealing systems can be compromised, affecting the properties of the radiation beams produced. The presence of sulfur hexafluoride or air inside the VARIAN 6/100 waveguide was investigated under different pressure conditions and non-uniform electric fields, adapting Monte Carlo simulation techniques for modeling radiation transport coupled with electric fields. Obtained results indicated the suitability of the proposed approach, while comparisons with theoretical approaches and experimental evidence supported the model's consistency.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor alterations, which is preceded by a prodromal stage where non-motor symptoms are observed. Over recent years, it has become evident that this disorder involves other organs that communicate with the brain like the gut. Importantly, the microbial community that lives in the gut plays a key role in this communication, the so-called microbiota-gut-brain axis. Alterations in this axis have been associated to several disorders including PD. Here we proposed that the gut microbiota is different in the presymptomatic stage of a Drosophila model for PD, the Pink1B9 mutant fly, as compared to that observed in control animals. Our results show this is the case: there is basal dysbiosis in mutant animals evidenced by substantial difference in the composition of midgut microbiota in 8-9 days old Pink1B9 mutant flies as compared with control animals. Further, we fed young adult control and mutant flies kanamycin and analyzed motor and non-motor behavioral parameters in these animals. Data show that kanamycin treatment induces the recovery of some of the non-motor parameters altered in the pre-motor stage of the PD fly model, while there is no substantial change in locomotor parameters recorded at this stage. On the other hand, our results show that feeding young animals the antibiotic, results in a long-lasting improvement of locomotion in control flies. Our data support that manipulations of gut microbiota in young animals could have beneficial effects on PD progression and age-dependent motor impairments. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Doença de Parkinson , Animais , Drosophila , Canamicina , Antibacterianos , Proteínas QuinasesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and disability in older adults residing in 12 high Andean communities in Peru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study that included older adults (60 years or older) from 12 high Andean communities in Peru from 2013 to 2019. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of two or more in the abbreviated Geriatric Depression Scale, while disability was defined as a score of less than 95 in the Barthel index. We also included sociodemographic characteristics, medical and personal history, and functional and performance-based tests. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression models to evaluate the association of interest and estimated prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: We included 442 older adults with a mean age of 73 ± 6.9 in the analysis; 63.1% (n = 279) were women, and 79.9% (n = 353) had no education or incomplete primary school. 50.9% (n = 225) of the participants had depressive symptoms, and 49.8% (n = 220) had disability. The adjusted Poisson regression model showed that depressive symptoms increased the probability of disability (adjusted PR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.34-2.08; p < 0.001) in older adults living at high altitude. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms was associated with a greater probability of disability in older adults living at high altitude. Longitudinal studies are needed for better understanding of this association in high altitude populations along with timely interventions to reduce the impact of both geriatric syndromes.
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OBJECTIVE: Determine the perception of university students regarding interprofessional and interdependent work between team members in their inclusion in primary care. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study. The sampling had a probabilistic, stratified random type with 95% confidence and 5% margin of error. Seven-hundred and four students of Public Universities in Santiago (Chile) answered self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Ninety-seven point eight of students say that interprofessional work is important; 27.1% of them declare that their university did not seem to show that their study plans were important. The professionals listed as most important in teams are physicians and nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Spaces for development and institutional support are key elements to promote interprofessional work. If this competence can involve each academic unit in their different formative spaces there will be a significant contribution to said promotion. Teamwork is a pending task. OBJETIVO: Determinar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios respecto al trabajo interprofesional e interdependencia entre los miembros del equipo en su inserción en la atención primaria. MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo analítico y transversal. El muestreo fue de tipo aleatorio, probabilístico estratificado con un 95% de confianza y un 5% de margen de error. Se utilizó un cuestionario auto-administrado en 704 estudiantes de Universidades del Estado en Santiago de Chile. RESULTADOS: Un 97,8% de los estudiantes opinan que el trabajo interprofesional es importante; un 27,1% de ellos declara que su universidad no le ha entregado importancia en sus planes de estudios. Los profesionales mencionados como más importantes en el equipo son los médicos y enfermeras. CONCLUSIONES: Espacios de desarrollo y respaldo institucional son elementos claves para promover el trabajo interprofesional. Que esta competencia logre involucrar a cada unidad académica en sus diferentes espacios formativos será un aporte significativo en aquello. Trabajo en equipo es una tarea pendiente.
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Relações Interprofissionais , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Introducción: en los últimos años el uso del cobre se ha propuesto como una alternativa para la disminución de IAAS. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de un gel para manos, con nanomoléculas de cobre en cepas de: Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccus faecalis, Escherichia coli y Pseudomona aeruginosa. Materiales y Método: estudio experimental in vitro. Se sembraron cepas de referencia (ATCC) en medios de cultivos y se colocaron cuatro discos de gasas estériles con gel de cobre, clorhexidina, alcohol gel y de agua destilada. Se midieron los halos a las 24, 48 hs y 7 días. Se utilizó la prueba de Anova y test HSD Tukey para análisis estadístico. Resultados: para C. albicans y C. parapsilosis el gel de cobre presentó un halo de inhibición a las 24, 48 hs y 7 días, siendo mayor al de clorhexidina (p< 0,001) en el caso de la C. albicans. Para S. aureus, E. coli y P. aeruginosa presentó un halo menor (p< 0,001) que el de clorhexidina a las 24 hs, sin embargo, no hubo inhibición a las 48 hs ni a los 7 días. En E. faecalis no hubo halo de inhibición a ningún tiempo. Conclusiones: el gel de cobre presentó actividad in vitro tanto para C. albicans como para C. parapsilosis, hasta los 7 días. Presentó actividad sobre S. aureus, E. coli y P. aeruginosa hasta las 24 hs. No presentó actividad antimicrobiana sobre E. faecalis.
Introduction: in the last few years the use of copper has been proposed as an alternative for reducing HAIs. Objective: to assess in vitro antimicrobial activity of a gel with copper nanomolecules on strains of Candida albicans , C. parapsilosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteroccus faecalis , Escherichia coli and Pseudomona aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: in vitro experimental study. Reference strains (ATCC) were seeded in growth medium and then four disks of sterile gauze impregnated with gel copper, chlorhexidine, gel alcohol and distilled water were placed in the culture. Halos were measured at 24, 48 hours and 7 days. Anova test and Tukey HSD test were used to statistical analysis. Results: for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis copper gel provided an inhibition at 24, 48 hours and 7 days, being higher than chlorhexidine (p <0.001) in the case of C. albicans. For S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa copper gel showed a lower halo (p <0.001) than chlorhexidine at 16 and 24 hours, however there was no inhibition at 48 hrs or 7 days. In E. faecalis no inhibition halo was found at any time. Conclusions: the copper gel showed in vitro activity for C. albicans and C. parapsilosis up to 7 days. Presented activity on S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa up to 24 hrs. It did not show antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis.
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La educación médica se ha enfocado, históricamente, en el desempeño individual de los profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, ante los cambios en el foco, estructura y necesidades de los sistemas de atención en salud, el foco se ha redirigido hacia el trabajo en equipo. Esta concepción implica una acción coordinada, llevada a cabo por dos o más individuos, lo que implica metas acordadas en conjunto, y exige entendimiento claro y respeto de los roles y las funciones de cada miembro. El trabajo en equipo, más que un fin, es un proceso y requiere la habilidad de trabajar como colegas, en vez de superior-subordinado. En este sentido, se entiende por multiprofesionalismo al trabajo común realizado por profesionales de las diferentes categorías, en las que su contribución individual conduce a un producto final que satisface los requerimientos únicos de cada parte en la solución de los problemas identificados. Tanto la construcción colectiva del trabajo a realizar por el equipo multidisciplinario cuanto las posibilidades de incorporar la atención a las prácticas profesionales, indican la necesidad de identificar y desarrollar dimensiones comunicativas en los sujetos involucrados en el cuidado (trabajadores y usuarios). Los equipos multidisciplinarios deben superar los acuerdos y articulaciones centradas solo en las relaciones. La Organización Mundial de la Salud señala que la práctica colaborativa optimiza los resultados de la atención en salud entregando una atención integral a los pacientes, sus familias, cuidadores y comunidades. Los profesionales preparados para la práctica colaborativa han aprendido a trabajar en un equipo interprofesional mediante entrenamiento efectivo en educación interprofesional; esta educación ocurre cuando estudiantes de dos o más profesiones aprenden sobre, de y entre ellos mismos para permitir una colaboración efectiva. (AU)
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Humanos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/tendências , Avaliação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde , Relações Interprofissionais , Percepção Social , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Saúde Pública , Comunicação Interdisciplinar , Capacitação de Recursos Humanos em SaúdeRESUMO
Antecedentes: El desarrollo psicomotor (DPSM) es una condicionante social de la salud, por lo que sus alteraciones pueden perpetuar otras desigualdades hasta la adultez. Los menores con cáncer se ven expuestos a una serie de factores que pueden poner en riesgo su DPSM. Metodología: Se evalúa el DPSM de 35 niños y niñas con cáncer de 0 a 5 años de dos hospitales, con los test EEDP y TEPSI, estandarizados para población chilena. Se excluyen los niños/as con características o patologías de base que pudiesen explicar el retraso del desarrollo psicomotor (tumores cerebrales, discapacidad visual, síndrome de Down o hemiparesia.). Las evaluaciones se realizan en período ambulatorio estando los niños y niñas en buenas condiciones generales, sin infecciones activas y con parámetros hematológicos estables. Es decir, en igualdad de condiciones de salud, salvo por el diagnóstico oncológico de base. Resultados: El promedio nacional de rezago es 5,5 por ciento, el de riesgo 5,64 y el retraso alcanza un 1,3 por ciento. Sumando las tres categorías alcanza un 12,44 por ciento. Los niños/as evaluados arrojan un 28,52 por ciento, 14,29 por ciento y 2,86 por ciento respectivamente, con un total de 45,67 por ciento, es decir 3,67 veces más alteraciones del DPSM que los niños sin cáncer. Conclusiones: Los niños y niñas con cáncer evaluados presentan más alteraciones del DPSM que aquellos que no tuvieron cáncer antes de los 5 años de edad. Existen iniciativas ya implementadas desde el 2007 por el Sistema de Protección Integral de la infancia para prevenir e intervenir las alteraciones del DPSM, pero parecen no se suficientes para esta población específica.
Background: Psychomotor development (PD) is known to be a social determinant of health which means that a development delay or disorder can perpetuate other inequalities into adulthood. Children with cancer are exposed to a number of factors that may jeopardize their PD. Methodology: All eligible children with cancer under 5 years were evaluated in two hospitals of Santiago, with a total n° of 35. Children with underlying conditions that may explain a developmental delay were excluded (brain tumors, visually impaired, Down Syndrome). Evaluations were performed on outpatient period, in good general conditions, meaning in equal terms than children in the general population, except for the cancer. Results: The average national lag is 5.5 percent, the risk 5.64 and the retardation reaches 1.3 percent. Adding the three categories of delay, it reaches a 12.44 percent. Children evaluated presented 28.52 percent, 14.29 percent and 2.86 percent respectively, with a total of 45.67 percent that means 3.67 times more developmental delays than children without cancer. Conclusions: Children with cancer have more PD disorders than those who did not have cancer before age 5. There are initiatives already implemented since 2007 by the System of Integral Protection of Children, with protocols to prevent and attend PD disorders, but seem to be insufficient for this specific population.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Neoplasias , Transtornos Psicomotores , Hospitais PediátricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Subjects seeking medical care for constipation were evaluated to find out: a) how they describe their complaint, b) their symptoms and colonic transit (CT) time, and c) determine what factors may allow to detect colonic inertia (CI) or obstructive defecation (OD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients demographics and medical history were collected and the modular Rome III questionnaire was applied. A screening CT with radioopaque markers was performed in all subjects. Those with an abnormal result underwent a multiple-pellet CT . Factors associated with CI and OD were analyzed. RESULTS: 105 patients were enrolled (92 females, mean age 36.7 years). Seventy patients described constipation as a bowel movement involving straining or being less frequently than expected (67%). The screening CT was normal in 79 patients (75%). Multiple-pellet CT was performed in 23 patients (9 normal, CI in 6, OD in 8). Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) criteria were met by 79 subjects (75%) and functional constipation by 26 (25%). A greater proportion of patients with CI or OD had attended the Emergency Room, used suppositories or enemas and interfered their activities due to constipation, during the previous year to the survey (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients described constipation as straining or lower frequency (67%) than expected. CT was normal in 84% of the patients, but it detected 6 cases of CI and 8 of OD. Patients that attended the Emergency Room, used suppositories or enemas and those whom activities were interfered turned out with CI or OD more frequently.
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Constipação Intestinal/psicologia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colo/fisiopatologia , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Constipação Intestinal/fisiopatologia , Defecação , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/complicações , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation (LT) in Wilson s disease (WD) is mostly indicated when progressing liver disease or acute liver failure occurs. In patients with neurological manifestations, this procedure has not gained wide acceptance based on previous reports of dismal prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To describe a Mexican cohort of pa- tients with WD with special focus on LT in patients with deteriorating neurological manifestations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with confirmed WD and their first-degree relatives were evaluated at the hepatology clinic of a tertiary referral hospital. Attention was placed on therapy and outcome. RESULTS: Eleven patients were followed for a period of up to 80 months (7 probands and 4 affected family members), 10 patients having hepatic manifestations and 4 having neuro psychia- tric phenomena. Pharmacologic treatment was uniform in most patients, and LT was indicated in 2 cases because of deteriorating neurological status. These patients had total remission of their neurological manifestations with marked improvement on imaging studies. CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up and pharmacologic treatment was flawed by several adverse conditions present in our population. Patients with progressing neurological disease had a favorable outcome after LT, a similar response to the one reported by several authors. In conclusion, LT should be strongly considered for the treatment of these patients.
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Degeneração Hepatolenticular/complicações , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Adolescente , Encéfalo/patologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Cobre/metabolismo , Feminino , Encefalopatia Hepática/patologia , Encefalopatia Hepática/cirurgia , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/patologia , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , México , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Prognóstico , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Doença de Crohn/complicações , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Idoso , Colonoscopia , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Crohn/patologia , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Obstrução Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Obstrução Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
The objective of our study was to determinate the effect of copper on long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus slices and a learning test in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). A group of adult Wistar rats received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of 1 mg/kg of CuSO(4) dissolved in saline for 30 consecutive days (Cu.R). A group of control rats (Sal.R), received saline by the same routes and duration. After this period, every individual of both groups was submitted to learning in MWM. Once the learning was completed, the LTP was studied in slices of hippocampus of both groups. The statistical assessment shows that the rats in both groups did not show significant differences in their progressive learning, notwithstanding that group Cu.R had 14.2 times more copper in their hippocampus and 16.7 times more in the visual cortices than in those of group Sal.R. On the other hand, the neurons of CA1 in hippocampus slices of Sal.R showed a significant development of LTP, but this was not observed in group Cu.R. In a second situation, 13 rats received training in MWM. Then, a group of 6 animals were injected with copper i.p. at the dose and time previously described. The 7 other animals were administered saline. Afterward, both groups were retrained in the MWM. The results obtained in Cu.R were similar to those obtained in Sal.R. Both groups maintained the concentrations of copper in the hippocampus indicated above, nonetheless, only the hippocampus slices of Cu.R did not show LTP. The spatial learning behavior of the rats was not affected by high copper concentration.
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Cobre/farmacologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciação de Longa Duração/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/análise , Estimulação Elétrica , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores , Hipocampo/química , Técnicas In Vitro , Microeletrodos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The word "constipation" is used by people to refer multiple symptoms such as infrequent stools, hard stools, excessive straining and feeling of incomplete evacuation. This variability is a confounding factor and may induce discrepancies between doctors and patients. AIM: to evaluate among the general population of 6 different cities of Mexico, what is meant by constipation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in the cities of Veracruz, Tampico, Tuxtepec, Colima, Puebla and San Luis Potosi (representing 4 geographical areas of Mexico). All subjects answer a questionnaire that assesses self-perception of constipation with the question: Do you consider yourself constipated? Frequency and stool form (Bristol), symptoms and associated factors to constipation were also evaluated. Rome III criteria for functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) were applied. RESULTS: One thousand and forty one subjects were evaluated (mean age 35 +/- 15 years), 657 (63%) women. In our study, 87% (n = 907) had a bowel movement at least every 48 hours and most of them (67%) have stools type 3-4. Thirty four percent (n = 356) of subjects considered to have constipation, of whom 73 (21%) met criteria for FC, 65 (18%) for IBS-C and 218 subjects (61%) did not meet diagnostic criteria. The symptom that best defines constipation was straining (47%). Correlation and concordance between self-perception and the Rome criteria was 0.14 (p = 0.61). CONCLUSIONS: In our population, 61% of subjects who perceived symptoms of constipation are not really constipated according to the criteria of Rome.
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Constipação Intestinal , Terminologia como Assunto , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of our study was to find the evidence of copper interaction in LTP, motivated by copper involvement in neurodegenerative illness, like Parkinson, Alzheimer and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and we initiated the study of this element in the LTP. For this purpose we used hippocampus slices of rats chronically consuming copper dissolved in water (CuDR; n=26) and non-copper-consuming rats (CR; n=20). The CuDR rats received 8--10 mg/day during 20--25 days. Electrophysiological tests showed absence of LTP in CuDR slices, contrary to CR slices. The stimulus-response test applied before and after LTP showed significant increases of synaptic potential in the CR group. This did not occur in the CuDR group, except for the initial values, which probably seem associated to an early action of copper. The paired-pulse (PP) test, applied to CR and CuDR prior to tetanic stimulation, showed a significant reduction in PP, for the 20-, 30- and 50-ms intervals in CuDR. At the end of the experiments, copper concentration was 54.2 times higher in CuDR slices, compared to the concentration present in CR slices. Our results show that copper reduces synaptic sensibility and also the facilitation capability. These effects represent a significant disturbance in the plasticity phenomenon associated with learning and memory.
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Cobre/administração & dosagem , Hipocampo/citologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Cobre/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/fisiologia , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos da radiação , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/fisiologia , Ratos , Sinapses/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The role of copper on the CA1 piramidal neurons and their sinaptic connections to the Schaffer's collateral was investigated using the field excitatory post-sinaptic potential (fEPSP). The same fEPSP was used to study copper effects on Long-term potentiation (LTP). We have found that copper 10 microM has an inhibitory action on the fEPSP. Similar effects were demonstrated with 10 microM of GABA. Moreover, copper showed a strong inhibitory action on the consolidated LTP. However, copper washout left a significant and persistent excitatory response. In our opinion, copper shows a dual sinaptic effect depending on the sinaptic experience.
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Cobre/farmacologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciação de Longa Duração/efeitos dos fármacos , Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/metabolismo , Células Piramidais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sulfato de Cobre/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Interações Medicamentosas/fisiologia , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/efeitos dos fármacos , Potenciais Pós-Sinápticos Excitadores/fisiologia , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/metabolismo , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/fisiopatologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Inibição Neural/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Células Piramidais/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação para Cima/fisiologia , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologiaRESUMO
La unidad de emergencia del área occidente tiene una población asignada de 800.000 habitantes y es el centro de derivación de urgencias para adultos. Estadísticas extranjeras establecen que un 2 por ciento de los fallecidos o 45 individuos por millón de habitantes por año deberían ser donantes potenciales. De acuerdo a esto, en nuestra unidad debería ser posible de obtener entre 15 y 20 donantes efectivos por año. En 1992, se inició un programa de procuramiento a nivel local, basado en: educación y motivación, implementación básica y obtención de recursos y evaluación periódica de resultados. El objetivo de esta comunicación fue presentar los resultados y motivar al personal de salud que labora en otros puntos del país para que inicien esta actividad. El número de donantes potenciales aumentó de 2 a 45 por año y el número de donantes efectivos de 1 a 15 por año. El número de órganos procurados fue de 88 riñones, 7 hígados, 11 donantes de válvulas cardíacas, 10 donantes de córneas, 2 donantes cardíacos y 1 donante óseo. El número de riñones entregados al pool nacional supera a los riñones recibidos de otras partes. Desde 1993 se ha incrementado el número de donantes multiorgánicos. La motivación del personal médico y paramédico, el apoyo del neurólogo y el respaldo de la dirección de la unidad, han sido elementos importantes para esta mejoría. Estos resultados demuestran que pese a las limitaciones y deficiencias existentes en los servicios de urgencias públicos en Chile, es posible implementar el procuramiento de órganos como una actividad médica habitual
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/métodos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Doadores de Tecidos/provisão & distribuição , Transplantes/provisão & distribuição , Distribuição por Idade , Morte Encefálica , Causas de Morte , Distribuição por Sexo , Doadores de Tecidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Transplante de Órgãos/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A relationship exists between different cardiovascular risk factors and a significant rise in blood pressure in the presence of psychological or physical stress (cardiovascular reactivity). We studied this relationship in normotensive individuals who were subjected to stress caused by isometric exercise, which provided us with proof of the amount of weight withstood. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in which 267 normotensive individuals were divided into two groups. One of these groups was a study group comprised of cardiovascular hyperreactive (CVHR) with a greater blood pressure response (BP)(n = 58), with BP levels > or = 90/140 mm/Hg, and the other group as a control group, with BP < 90/140 mm/Hg, n = 209. The relationship was found between the age, gender, sedentary life, smoking habit (SH), alcoholic beverage intake (ABI) and clinical history of blood pressure disorders (CH of BPD with the condition of cardiovascular hyperreactivity. RESULTS: 21.7% of the subjects were CVHR. The risk factors SH, ABI and gender were not related to the CVHR P > 0.05. The risk factor of CVHR is twice as high on the part of sedentary individuals, age becoming a factor as of age 40, and those individuals with a CH of BPD had twice the risk of having a cardiovascular hyperreactivity 3.85 (2: 7, 19) as those who had no CH of BPD). CONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship exists between being over age 40, CH of BPD and lack of exercise with a CVHR condition. This was not found to be the case for other risk factors such as SH, gender and ABI.
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Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Cuba , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Chronic intracortical perfusion of GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) and its subsequent withdrawal generates the GABA withdrawal syndrome (GWS). This particular epileptic model has been observed in the motor cortex of monkeys and rats. Our purpose was to study the GWS in the motor cortex (MC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and superior colliculus (SC). Thirty chronically-implanted adult Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups of 10 (8 experimental and 2 controls). The first group received GABA in MC, the second in the DH and the third in the SC. GABA was released in doses of 10 to 60 micrograms/microliter/h for 6 days employing osmotic mini-pumps. Two control rats per group received saline solution in the above-mentioned structures. Rats perfused in the MC showed GWS after interruption of the GABA flow. The group perfused in the DH showed paroxysmal discharges and epileptic seizures during perfusion. They also later showed GWS. No epileptic effects were observed in the SC-perfused group during either the GABA perfusion or during withdrawal. None of the six control animals showed epileptic effects. Our results show that the SC offers a strong resistance to GWS. This could be explained by the particular neuronal network structure of rat SC.