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ABSTRACT: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) is a cardioprotective peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. Prepuberty has been considered as a later susceptible window of development, and stressful factors in this life phase can induce chronic diseases in adulthood. We aimed to investigate whether the treatment with Ang-(1-7) during the prepuberty could attenuate the development of hypertension and cardiac injury in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were treated with Ang-(1-7) (24 µg/kg/h) from age 4 to 7 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography up to 17th week. Thereafter, echocardiography was performed, and the rats were euthanized for the collection of tissues and blood. Ang-(1-7) did not change the systolic blood pressure but reduced the septal and posterior wall thickness, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis in SHR. In addition, Ang-(1-7) reduced the gene expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, increased the metalloproteinase 9 expression, and reduced the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 phosphorylation. Ang-(1-7) also prevented the reduction of Mas receptor but did not change the protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, AT1, and AT2. The treatment with Ang-(1-7) decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase activities and protein expression of catalase. Our findings demonstrate that the treatment of SHR with Ang-(1-7) for 3 weeks early in life promotes beneficial effects in the heart later in life, even without altering blood pressure, through mechanisms involving the reduction of oxidative stress and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, this study supports the prepuberty as an important programming window.
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Angiotensina I , Pressão Sanguínea , Cardiomegalia , Hipertensão , Estresse Oxidativo , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Animais , Angiotensina I/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Cardiomegalia/prevenção & controle , Cardiomegalia/fisiopatologia , Cardiomegalia/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomegalia/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrose , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ratos , Fosforilação , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Fator Natriurético Atrial/metabolismo , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Remodelação Ventricular/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Since angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2, was identified as the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and considering the intense physiological interplay between the two angitensinases isoforms, ACE and ACE2, as counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system, we proposed the evaluation of polymorphisms in these two key regulators in relation to COVID-19 severity. A genetic association study involving 621 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from Brazil was performed. All subjects had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via RT-PCR. Patients were categorized into two groups: the "mild" group (N = 296), composed of individuals hospitalized in ward beds who progressed to cure, and the "severe" group (N = 325), composed of individuals who required hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU), or who died. Blood samples were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE2 G8790A polymorphism by real-time PCR via TaqMan assay. The analysis of combined polymorphisms revealed a protective role for genotypic profile II/A_ (ORA = 0,26; p = 0,037) against the worsening of COVID-19 in women. The results indicate a protection profile to COVID-19 progression, in which the II/A_ carriers have almost four times less chance of a severe outcome. It is proposed that a decreased activity of ACE (deleterious effects) in conjunction with an increased ACE2 activity (protective effects), should be the underlying mechanism. The findings are unprecedented once other studies have not explored the genotypic combination analysis for ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms and bring perspectives and expectations for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic based on definitions of genetically-based risk groups within the context of personalized medicine.
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Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2 , COVID-19 , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Feminino , Humanos , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Pandemias , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/genéticaRESUMO
Members of the Paracoccidioides complex are the causative agents of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a human systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America. Upon initial contact with the host, the pathogen needs to uptake micronutrients. Nitrogen is an essential source for biosynthetic pathways. Adaptation to nutritional stress is a key feature of fungi in host tissues. Fungi utilize nitrogen sources through Nitrogen Catabolite Repression (NCR). NCR ensures the scavenging, uptake and catabolism of alternative nitrogen sources, when preferential ones, such as glutamine or ammonium, are unavailable. The NanoUPLC-MSE proteomic approach was used to investigate the NCR response of Paracoccidioides lutzii after growth on proline or glutamine as a nitrogen source. A total of 338 differentially expressed proteins were identified. P. lutzii demonstrated that gluconeogenesis, ß-oxidation, glyoxylate cycle, adhesin-like proteins, stress response and cell wall remodeling were triggered in NCR-proline conditions. In addition, within macrophages, yeast cells trained under NCR-proline conditions showed an increased ability to survive. In general, this study allows a comprehensive understanding of the NCR response employed by the fungus to overcome nutritional starvation, which in the human host is represented by nutritional immunity. In turn, the pathogen requires rapid adaptation to the changing microenvironment induced by macrophages to achieve successful infection.
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Fungal infections represent a serious global health problem, causing damage to health and the economy on the scale of millions. Although vaccines are the most effective therapeutic approach used to combat infectious agents, at the moment, no fungal vaccine has been approved for use in humans. However, the scientific community has been working hard to overcome this challenge. In this sense, we aim to describe here an update on the development of fungal vaccines and the progress of methodological and experimental immunotherapies against fungal infections. In addition, advances in immunoinformatic tools are described as an important aid by which to overcome the difficulty of achieving success in fungal vaccine development. In silico approaches are great options for the most important and difficult questions regarding the attainment of an efficient fungal vaccine. Here, we suggest how bioinformatic tools could contribute, considering the main challenges, to an effective fungal vaccine.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the course of human history and killed millions of people worldwide. Its long-term consequences remain uncertain. This study aimed to describe the short- and long-term symptoms of COVID-19 among individuals in Goiás, central Brazil, who experienced acute mild or non-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave of the pandemic. This prospective cohort study included 110 healthcare workers, 18 safety workers, and 19 administrative support workers, who were followed up for 12 months after the onset of COVID-19. Most participants were healthy adult female healthcare professionals. At the onset of infection, the major symptoms were headache, myalgia, nasal congestion, cough, coryza, anosmia, ageusia, sore throat, fatigue, diarrhea, and dyspnea. Furthermore, 20.3% of the participants had three or more COVID-19 symptoms that persisted for at least 12 months. These included coryza, congestion, hair loss, sore throat, headache, myalgia, cough, memory loss, anosmia, and fatigue. This study revealed a high prevalence of persistent symptoms of COVID-19 in healthy individuals from central Brazil, which may present an additional burden on healthcare services. Further studies are required to investigate the sequelae of COVID-19 over periods greater than 12 months.
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COVID-19 , Faringite , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Mialgia , Anosmia , Tosse/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Cefaleia/epidemiologia , Cefaleia/etiologia , Faringite/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/etiologia , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
Resumo Esse artigo é fruto de pesquisa desenvolvida em uma escola pública de ensino médio e discute como os marcadores de gênero e orientação sexual atravessam as experiências de paquera nessa instituição. Foram analisados materiais produzidos a partir de entrevistas, rodas de conversa e observações de inspiração etnográfica. A temática surge a partir do trabalho de campo quando os/as jovens apontam as relações de paquera como prática e assunto recorrente entre os/as estudantes. Sendo a escola um importante espaço de socialização juvenil, identificamos que para relações de paquera heterossexuais parece haver um roteiro que reitera as expectativas e normas de gênero. Já entre pessoas do mesmo gênero, a paquera é marcada por distintos agenciamentos para que possam vivenciar suas relações afetivo-sexuais, além de terem que lidar com experiências de discriminação.
Abstract This article is the result of research developed in a public high school and discusses how the markers of gender and sexual orientation cross the experiences of flirting in this institution. It analyzes materials from interviews, conversation circles and observations inspired on ethnographic methods. The theme arises from fieldwork when young people point to flirting relationships as a practice and a recurring issue among students. As the school is an important space for youth socialization, we identified that for heterosexual flirting relationships there seems to be a script that reiterates gender expectations and norms. In contrast, among people of the same gender, flirting is marked by different assemblages so they can experience affective-sexual relationships, in addition they have to deal with experiences of discrimination.
Resumen Este artículo es fruto de investigación desenvuelta en una escuela secundaria pública y discute cómo los marcadores de género y de orientación sexual atraviesan las experiencias de coqueteo en esta institución. Han sido analizados materiales producidos a partir de entrevistas, ruedas de conversación y observaciones de inspiración etnográfica. La temática surge a partir del trabajo de campo cuando los jóvenes apuntan las relaciones de coqueteo como práctica y tema recurrente entre los estudiantes. Siendo la escuela un importante espacio de socialización juvenil, identificamos que para relaciones de coqueteo heterosexuales parece haber un rotero que reitera las expectativas y las normas de género. Ya entre personas del mismo género, el coqueteo es marcado por distintas mediaciones para que puedan vivir sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales, además de necesitaren lidiar con experiencias de discriminación.
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Neste artigo, discutimos os usos da categoria "assédio" empregada por jovens estudantes de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio para dar sentido a experiências de violência e discriminação de gênero ocorridas dentro e fora da escola. A análise baseia-se em registros de trabalho de campo produzidos no âmbito de uma pesquisa multicêntrica e de métodos mistos, realizada em nove escolas de São Paulo (SP/BR). O assédio aparece como uma categoria polissêmica que, ao nomear a violência, ajuda no enfrentamento das hierarquias e desigualdades de gênero e geração. Depreendemos que as jovens têm questionado normativas e atitudes que alimentam as desigualdades de gênero nas escolas, além de denunciarem o silenciamento ou inadequação da instituição no enfrentamento do problema, o que possibilita identificar convergências com uma nova sensibilidade em torno da violência contra mulheres que os discursos feministas globalizados fizeram emergir.(AU)
Resumen En este artículo discutimos los usos de la categoría "acoso" empleada por jóvenes estudiantes de escuelas públicas de enseñanza media para dar sentido a la experiencia de violencia y discriminación de género ocurridas dentro y fuera de la escuela. El análisis se basa en registros de trabajo en campo producidos en el ámbito de una investigación multicéntrica y de métodos mixtos, realizada en nueve escuelas de São Paulo (SP/BR). El acoso parece como una categoría polisémica que, al nombrar la violencia, ayuda en el enfrentamiento de las jerarquías y desigualdades de género y generación. Concluimos que las jóvenes han puesto en tela de juicio normativas y actitudes que alimentan las desigualdades de género de las escuelas, además de denunciar el silenciamiento o la inadecuación de la institución en el enfrentamiento del problema, lo que posibilita la identificación de convergencias con una nueva sensibilidad alrededor de la violencia contra mujeres que los discursos feministas globalizados hicieron surgir.(AU)
Abstract In this article, we discuss uses of "harassment" as a category employed by young students from public high schools to make sense of violence and gender discrimination experiences that occur in and out of school. The analysis is based on fieldwork records produced within the scope of a multicenter, mixed-methods research carried out in nine schools located in São Paulo. Harassment appears as a polysemic category that, by naming violence, helps to face gender and generation hierarchies and inequalities. We infer that the young girls have questioned norms and attitudes that feed gender inequalities in schools; in addition, they have denounced the silence or inadequacy of the institution in facing the problem. This enables to identify convergences with a new sensibility regarding violence against women that globalized feminist discourses have brought to the surface.(AU)
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Objetivo: Mapear as evidências científicas sobre os fatores associados ao comportamento suicida de estudantes da pós-graduação stricto sensu. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo sistematizada pelas diretrizes do Joanna Briggs Institutee realizada nos repositórios SCOPUS, LILACS, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, OATD e BDTD-CAPES. Foram selecionados e analisados materiais bibliográficos que apresentaram fatores associados ao comportamento suicida para estudantes da pós-graduação stricto sensu. Resultados: Sete materiais bibliográficos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade desta revisão. A maioria abordou fatores de risco para comportamentos suicidas, com ênfase insuficiente em fatores protetivos. Conclusão: Foram identificados como fatores associados ao comportamento suicida na pós-graduação variáveis de saúde, psicológicas, sociodemográficas, relacionais e do contexto acadêmico. Essa revisão destaca a incipiência da produção científica nesse campo de saber e a necessidade de se dar maior ênfase e visibilidade a essa problemática. Descritores: Suicídio. Ideação suicida. Fatores de risco. Associação. Educação de pós-graduação.
Objective: To map the diverse scientific evidence about the factors associated with suicidal behavior in strictosensugraduate students. Methods: This is a scoping review systematized according to the Joanna Briggs Instituteguidelines and conducted in the SCOPUS, LILACS, PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, OATD and BDTD-CAPES repositories. The bibliographic materials selected and analyzed were those that presented factors associated with suicidal behavior for strictosensugraduate students. Results: Seven bibliographic materials met the eligibility criteria of this review. Most of them addressed risk factors for suicidal behaviors, with insufficient emphasis on protective factors. Conclusion: Variables related to health, as well as psychological, sociodemographic, relational and of the academic context, were identified as factors associated with suicidal behavior in the academic context. This review highlights the incipience of the scientific production in theknowledge field and the need to confer greater emphasis and visibility to this problem. Descriptors: Suicide. Suicidal ideation. Risk factors. Association. Education, Graduate.
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Associação , Suicídio , Fatores de Risco , Educação de Pós-Graduação , Ideação SuicidaRESUMO
Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for microorganisms that compose essential biomolecules. However, hosts limit this nutrient as a strategy to counter infections, therefore, pathogens use adaptive mechanisms to uptake nitrogen from alternative sources. In fungi, nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) activates transcription factors to acquire nitrogen from alternative sources when preferential sources are absent. Formamidase has been related to nitrogen depletion in Aspergillus nidulans through formamide degradation to use the released ammonia as a nitrogen source. In Paracoccidioides spp., formamidase is highly expressed in transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Here, we aim to investigate the importance of formamidase to Paracoccidioides lutzii. Thereby, we developed a P. lutzii silenced strain of fmd gene (AsFmd) by antisense RNA technology using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). The AsFmd strain led to increased urease expression, an enzyme related to nitrogen assimilation in other fungi, suggesting that P. lutzii might explore urease as an alternative route for ammonia metabolism as a nitrogen source. Moreover, formamidase was important for fungal survival inside macrophages, as fungal recovery after macrophage infection was lower in AsFmd compared to wild-type (WT) strain. Our findings suggest potential alternatives of nitrogen acquisition regulation in P. lutzii, evidencing formamidase influence in fungal virulence.
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Systemic mycoses have been viewed as neglected diseases and they are responsible for deaths and disabilities around the world. Rapid, low-cost, simple, highly-specific and sensitive diagnostic tests are critical components of patient care, disease control and active surveillance. However, the diagnosis of fungal infections represents a great challenge because of the decline in the expertise needed for identifying fungi, and a reduced number of instruments and assays specific to fungal identification. Unfortunately, time of diagnosis is one of the most important risk factors for mortality rates from many of the systemic mycoses. In addition, phenotypic and biochemical identification methods are often time-consuming, which has created an increasing demand for new methods of fungal identification. In this review, we discuss the current context of the diagnosis of the main systemic mycoses and propose alternative approaches for the identification of new targets for fungal pathogens, which can help in the development of new diagnostic tests.
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The genus Paracoccidioides comprises the species complex causing paracoccidioidomycoses (PCM). These fungi are a serious public health problem due to the long-term drug therapy, follow-up treatment, and frequent sequelae generated by the infection, such as pulmonary fibrosis. In this sense, the objective of this work was to generate bioluminescent reporter strains of Paracoccidioides spp. harboring a thermostable, red-shifted luciferase gene under the control of different constitutive promoters. The strains were generated by the integration of a species-specific codon-optimized luciferase gene upon actin or enolase promoter's control. The insertion of the constructs in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii yeast cells were performed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The results demonstrated the presence of several transformants harboring the luciferase gene. These transformants were further confirmed by the expression of luciferase and by the presence of the hygromycin resistance gene. Moreover, the luciferase activity could be detected in in vitro bioluminescence assays and in vivo models of infection. In general, this work presents the methodology for the construction of bioluminescent strains of Paracoccidioides spp., highlighting potential promoters and proposing an in vivo model, in which those strains could be used for the systemic study of PCM.
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Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicose , Actinas , Paracoccidioides/genética , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Fosfopiruvato HidrataseRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo analisar as repercussões vivenciadas por profissionais de saúde que foram atendidos com a utilização de práticas integrativas e complementares durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos estudo qualitativo cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, as quais foram transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados participaram 12 profissionais de saúde do sexo feminino que apontaram a importância da inclusão das práticas integrativas e complementares no fortalecimento do bem-estar dos profissionais de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde e a relevância da oferta destes atendimentos no cenário pandêmico, pois as ajudou no enfrentamento do estresse, insônia, cansaço mental e ansiedade. Emergiram duas categorias: Sensação de valorização, acolhimento, reconhecimento e cuidado e Repercussões na saúde emocional e física das trabalhadoras. Conclusão os dados demonstraram as repercussões positivas das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de saúde, demonstrando a potencialidade dessas práticas na promoção da saúde mental. Contribuições para a prática a implementação de ações com o uso das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares pelos gestores se constitui em forma de cuidado pelo profissional de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde, pois estas resultam em qualidade de vida, promoção e restabelecimento da saúde física e mental dos indivíduos atendidos.
ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the repercussions experienced by health professionals who were assisted with the use of integrative and complementary practices during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods qualitative study whose data were collected through interviews, which were transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results 12 female health professionals participated and pointed out the importance of the inclusion of integrative and complementary practices in strengthening the well-being of health professionals in the Unified Health System and the relevance of offering these services in the pandemic scenario, as it helped them face stress, insomnia, mental fatigue, and anxiety. Two categories emerged: Sensation of valorization, welcoming, recognition and care, and Repercussions on the emotional and physical health of the workers. Conclusion the data showed the positive repercussions of Integrative and Complementary Practices developed by health professionals, demonstrating the potentiality of these practices in promoting mental health. Contributions to practice the implementation of actions with the use of Integrative and Complementary Practices by managers constitutes a form of care by health professionals in the Unified Health System, as these result in quality of life, promotion, and restoration of physical and mental health of the individuals assisted.
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INTRODUCTION: There is controversy about the repercussions of high speed-low amplitude thrust (HVLAT) manipulation in the thoracic region on the autonomic nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immediate effects of the HVLAT in the high thoracic region on the heart rate autonomic modulation of judo athletes. METHODS: In the experimental study, thirty-eight healthy men divided into 2 groups (Judo athletes and non-athletes) having heart rate variability (HRV) collected beat-to-beat using a cardio-pacemater during all stages of the manipulation: i) rest, ii) time 1 (participant positioning), iii) time 2 (positioning of the participant together with the therapist), iv) HVLAT manipulation, v) post 5min, vi) post 10min and vii) post 15min HVLAT. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), breath frequency (BF), and HRV were also analyzed. RESULTS: A higher sympathetic modulation was observed with an increase in the standard deviation of successive normal R-R intervals (SDNN) and SD2 indices representing the total variability, however, there was no significant statistical difference in the root mean square of the mean squared differences (RMSSD), percentual of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms (pNN50), and SD1 variables, which represent the parasympathetic nervous system. CONCLUSION: HVLAT manipulation was able to decrease HRV during manipulation, reflecting sympathetic hyperactivity. However, the return of the HRV indices to the baseline conditions in the first minutes of recovery in Judo athletes and non-athletes reflected the safety of the application of the manipulation in these conditions studied.
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Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Artes Marciais , Atletas , Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Oxygen is fundamental to the life of aerobic organisms and is not always available to Paracoccidioides cells. During the life cycle stages, reduced oxygen levels directly affect general metabolic processes and oxygen adaptation mechanisms may play a fundamental role on fungal ability to survive under such condition. Heme proteins can bind to oxygen and participate in important biological processes. Several fungi, including Paracoccidioides, express a heme-binding globin (fungoglobin - FglA) presumable to regulate fungal adaptation to hypoxia. However, the characterization of fungoglobin in Paracoccidioides spp. has not yet been performed. In this study, we predicted the structure of fungoglobin and determined its level of expression during hypoxic-mimetic conditions. Genomic screening revealed that the fungoglobin gene is conserved in all species of the Paracoccidioides genus. Molecular modeling showed biochemical and biophysical characteristics that support the hypothesis that FglA binds to the heme group and oxygen as well. The fungoglobin transcript and proteins are expressed at higher levels at the early treatment time, remaining elevated while oxygen is limited. A P. brasiliensis fglA knockdown strain depicted reduced growth in hypoxia indicating that this protein can be essential for growth at low oxygen. Biochemical analysis confirmed the binding of fungoglobin to heme. Initial analyzes were carried out to establish the relationship between FlglA and iron metabolism. The FglA transcript was up regulated in pulmonary infection, suggesting its potential role in the disease establishment. We believe that this study can contribute to the understanding of fungal biology and open new perspectives for scientific investigations.
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Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Heme/genética , Hemeproteínas/genética , Paracoccidioides/genética , Aerobiose/genética , Hipóxia Celular/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Regulação Fúngica da Expressão Gênica/genética , Heme/metabolismo , Hemeproteínas/metabolismo , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Paracoccidioides/metabolismoRESUMO
Iron is an essential nutrient for all organisms. For pathogenic fungi, iron is essential for the success of infection. Thus, these organisms have developed high affinity iron uptake mechanisms to deal with metal deprivation imposed by the host. Siderophore production is one of the mechanisms that fungal pathogens employ for iron acquisition. Paracoccidioides spp. present orthologous genes encoding the enzymes necessary for the biosynthesis of hydroxamates, and plasma membrane proteins related to the transport of these molecules. All these genes are induced in iron deprivation. In addition, it has been observed that Paracoccidioides spp. are able to use siderophores to scavenge iron. Here we observed that addition of the xenosiderophore ferrioxamine B FOB) to P. brasiliensis culture medium results in repression (at RNA and protein levels) of the SidA, the first enzyme of the siderophore biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, SidA activity was reduced in the presence of FOB, suggesting that P. brasiliensis blocks siderophores biosynthesis and can explore siderophores in the environment to scavenge iron. In order to support the importance of siderophores on Paracoccidioides sp. life and infection cycle, silenced mutants for the sidA gene were obtained by antisense RNA technology. The obtained AsSidA strains displayed decreased siderophore biosynthesis in iron deprivation conditions and reduced virulence to an invertebrate model.
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Resumo O artigo é fruto de pesquisas realizadas entre os anos de 2010 e 2018 sobre os argumentos acionados em controvérsias públicas que vêm permeando o cenário político brasileiro, suscitadas por parlamentares ligados às bancadas religiosas. A reflexão volta seu olhar para o pânico moral criado em torno do Projeto Escola sem Homofobia, chamado de "kit gay" por seus detratores, a partir de 2011. Em seguida, acompanha os intensos debates desde 2013 - com o acionamento da terminologia "ideologia de gênero" - em torno dos planos de educação no país. Mais recentemente, acompanha o processo eleitoral para a Presidência da República, no qual o "kit gay" foi um dos principais artefatos da campanha do presidente eleito. Essas controvérsias se articulam em um cenário de fortalecimento de conservadorismos, cujos pontos de interseção são o confronto de moralidades em relação ao gênero e à sexualidade e a mobilização do discurso de defesa das crianças e dos adolescentes. A hipótese, assim, é que a infância e a adolescência se tornam pontos estratégicos para refletir sobre os processos de transformação por que passa a política sexual brasileira.
Abstract The current article results from research carried out between 2010 and 2018 on the arguments raised in public controversies that have pervaded the Brazilian political scene in recent years, examining the discourse of "conservative" religious actors, especially parliamentarians adopting a religious rhetoric. The author scrutinizes the moral panic created around the School without Homophobia Project, dubbed by its detractors "Gay Kit", from 2011 onwards; she then analyses the intense debates (beginning in 2013) revolving around education plans all over the country - debates in which the term "gender ideology" has been growingly used. Finally, the author examines the 2018 Brazilian presidential election, in which the "Gay Kit" was one of the main topics of the president-elect's campaign. All such controversies, which arise in a scenario of strengthened "conservatism", share two characteristics. First, the confrontation of different moralities related to gender and sexuality. Secondly, the discourse that depicts children and adolescents as having to be "protected". The author then hypothesizes that childhood and adolescence have become strategic features to think over the transformation that the Brazilian sexual policy is currently going through.
Resumen El artículo es el resultado de una investigación realizada entre 2010 y 2018 sobre los argumentos desencadenados en polémicas públicas que han impregnado el escenario político brasileño, originadas por parlamentarios vinculados a fracciones religiosas. La reflexión vuelve su mirada hacia el pánico moral creado alrededor del Proyecto Escuela sin Homofobia, llamado "kit gay" por sus detractores, desde 2011. Luego se acompañan los intensos debates de 2013 - con la terminología activada "Ideología de género": en torno a los planes de educación en el país. Más recientemente, acompañó el proceso electoral para la presidencia de la República, donde el "kit gay" fue uno de los principales artefactos de la campaña del presidente electo. Esas polémicas se articulan en un escenario de fortalecimiento del conservadurismo, cuyos puntos de intersección son la confrontación de moralidades en relación con el género y la sexualidad, y la movilización del discurso de defensa de las niñas, niños y adolescentes. La hipótesis, por lo tanto, es que la infancia y la adolescencia se convierten en puntos estratégicos para reflexionar sobre los procesos de transformación que experimenta la política sexual brasileña.
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Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Política Pública , Religião , Educação Infantil , Identidade de Gênero , Política , Brasil , Sexualidade , Cultura , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Homofobia , Expressão de Gênero , Princípios MoraisRESUMO
Fungi of the Paracoccidioides genus are the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic mycosis restricted to the countries of Latin America. Currently, the Paracoccidioides complex is represented by Paracoccidioides lutzii, Paracoccidioides americana, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Paracoccidioides restrepiensis, and Paracoccidioides venezuelensis. Even with advances in techniques used for diagnosing fungal diseases, high rates of false-positive results for PCM are still presented. Additionally, there is no efficient antigen that can be used to follow up the efficiency of patient treatment. The immunoproteomic is considered a powerful tool for the identification of antigens. In addition, antigens are molecules recognized by the immune system, which make them excellent targets for diagnostic testing of diseases caused by microorganisms. In this vein, we investigated which antigens are secreted by species representing Paracoccidioides complex to increase the spectrum of molecules that could be used for future diagnostic tests, patient follow-up, or PCM therapy. To identify the profile of antigens secreted by Paracoccidioides spp., immunoproteomic approaches were used combining immunoprecipitation, followed by antigen identification by nanoUPLC-MSE-based proteomics. Consequently, it was possible to verify differences in the exoantigen profiles present among the studied species. Through a mass spectrometry approach, it was possible to identify 79 exoantigens in Paracoccidioides species. Using bioinformatics tools, two unique exoantigens in P. lutzii species were identified, as well as 44 epitopes exclusive to the Paracoccidioides complex and 12 unique antigenic sequences that can differentiate between Paracoccidioides species. Therefore, these results demonstrate that Paracoccidioides species have a range of B-cell epitopes exclusive to the complex as well as specific to each Paracoccidioides species. In addition, these analyses allowed us the identification of excellent biomarker candidates for epidemiology screening, diagnosis, patient follow-up, as well as new candidates for PCM therapy.
RESUMO
Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o conceito de sintoma desde a concepção freudiana até o termo "novos sintomas", tal como proposto na atualidade pelos autores do campo freudiano. Destacou-se o que é considerado estrutural na constituição de um sintoma de acordo com a perspectiva freudiana, adicionando leituras de Lacan e Miller. As referências freudianas sobre as neuroses atuais foram utilizadas no intuito de estabelecer correlações com o estatuto dos novos sintomas como pouco permeáveis à palavra. A discussão de dois casos clínicos como paradigmas do sintoma clássico e do sintoma contemporâneo nos oferece um rico material para discussão a respeito da incidência da cultura e do avanço técnico-científico na prática da psicanálise
Cet article vise à appréhender le concept de symptôme dès sa conception freudienne jusqu'à sa récente appellation, des nouveaux symptômes , tel que proposent actuellement les auteurs du Champ Freudien. Notre idée c'est de souligner ce qu'il y a de structurel dans la constitution d'un symptôme selon la perspective freudienne et celles de Lacan et Miller. Les références freudiennes sur les névroses actuelles ont été utilisées afin d'établir une corrélation avec le statut des nouveaux symptômes, lesquels se présentent comme peu accessibles à la parole. La discussion de deuxcas cliniques comme paradigmes du symptôme classique et du symptôme contemporain, nous offre un riche matériel pour la discussion à propos des impacts de la culture et des avancées techno-scientiques dans la pratique psychanalytique
This article aims to discuss the concept of symptom from the Freudian conception to the term new symptoms, as currently proposed by the authors of the Freudian Field.It was highlighted what considered structural in the constitution of a symptom is according to the Freudian perspective, with the addition of readings by Lacan and Miller. Freudian references to the current neuroses were used to establish correlations with the status of the new symptoms as not very permeable to the word. The discussion of two clinical cases as paradigms of the classic symptom and the contemporary symptom offers us a rich material for discussion about the incidence of culture as well as technical and scientific advancesin psychoanalysis exercise
Assuntos
Teoria Psicanalítica , Sinais e Sintomas , Saúde Mental , Transtornos NeuróticosRESUMO
Este artigo parte de uma pesquisa de iniciação científica que esteve envolvida com o tema das políticas públicas de enfrentamento ao crack e tem como objetivo compreender como os usuários do interior do estado de São Paulo entendem suas trajetórias de vida e as experiências de marginalização que foram submetidos. Tomamos contato com os participantes do estudo (dois usuários de crack) no contexto das ações municipais de atenção às drogas, buscando entender, a partir de entrevistas em profundidade, o que pensam sobre a própria vida e o contexto que o cercam. Assim, agrupamos alguns temas comuns entre os dois participantes, que não refletem apenas aspectos similares dos discursos, mas também elementos que se aproximam, distanciando-se ao mesmo tempo, como propõe o materialismo histórico-dialético (Martins, 2006), de modo que pudemos formar três categorias síntese de análise das duas entrevistas, concluindo que os sujeitos apresentam atualmente condições de vida similares marcadas pela desigualdade social, isolamento e humilhação, embora não possamos afirmar, pela falta de dados mais aprofundados, que essa similaridade sempre existiu. Assim, é possível dizer que ao longo da trajetória de vida na rua vão internalizando os juízos depreciativos sobre si mesmos e os manifestam por meio do sentimento de vergonha.
This article is part of a research made from the scientific initiation that was involved with the topic of the public policies of coping with crack and has the objective to understand how the users located in a city in the state of São Paulo understand their life trajectories and the experiences of marginalization that were submitted. We contacted the study participants (two crack users) in the context of municipal action attention drugs, seeking to understand, from deep interviews, what they think about their own life and the context that surrounds them. Thus, we group some common themes between the two participants, which do not only reflect similar aspects of the discourses, but also elements that approach, distancing themselves at the same time, as well as proposes historical-dialectical materialism (Martins, 2006), So that we could form three categories synthesis of analysis of the two interviews, being able to conclude that the subjects currently present similar conditions of life marked by social inequality, isolation, and humiliation, although we can't affirm, for not having deeper data, that this similarity has always existed. Thus, along their lives on the street they internalize the derogatory judgments about themselves and manifest them through the feeling of shame.
Assuntos
Política Pública , Isolamento Social , Cocaína Crack , Inclusão Social , PreconceitoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated Ricinus communis and sodium hypochlorite solutions in terms of biofilm removal ability, remission of candidiasis, antimicrobial activity, and participant satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was conducted a controlled clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, and crossover. Sixty-four denture wearers with (n=24) and without candidiasis (n=40) were instructed to brush (3 times/day) and immerse their dentures (20 min/day) in different storage solutions (S1 / S2: 0.25% / 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; S3: 10% R. communis; S4: Saline).The trial period for each solution was seven days and a washout period of seven days was used before starting the use of another solution. The variables were analyzed at baseline and after each trial period. The biofilm of inner surfaces of maxillary dentures was disclosed, photographed, and total and dyed areas were measured (Image Tool software). The percentage of biofilm was calculated. Remission of candidiasis was assessed by visual scale and score were attributed. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the DNA-Checkerboard hybridization method. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire. RESULTS: S1 (4.41±7.98%) and S2 (2.93±5.23%) were more effective then S3 (6.95±10.93%) in biofilm remotion(P<0.0001). All solutions were different from the control (11.07±11.99%). S3 was the most effective solution in remission of candidiasis (50%), followed by S1 (46%). Concerning antimicrobial action, S1/S2 were similar and resulted in the lowest microorganism mean count (P=0.04), followed by S3. No significant differences were found with patient's satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: 10% R. communis and 0.25% sodium hypochlorite were effective in biofilm removal, causing remission of candidiasis and reducing the formation of microbial colonies in denture surfaces. All solutions were approved by patients.