RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the performance of a pulmonologist-led lung cancer screening program using low dose CT (LDCT) in a cohort of outpatients with stable respiratory diseases in the Brazilian public health care system. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the first two rounds of lung cancer screening of patients enrolled in the program. Inclusion criteria were being between 55 and 80 years of age, being a current or former smoker (smoking cessation ≤ 15 years), and having a smoking history ≥ 30 pack-years. LDCT results were interpreted in accordance with the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System, and those with a score of 3 or 4 were considered positive screening. Incidental pleuropulmonary findings were sought in all reports. RESULTS: LDCTs were requested for 791 patients during the study period, and 712 patients (90%) met the screening criteria. The mean patient age was 63 years, and most participants were current smokers (56%) with emphysema (78.5%) and other pleuropulmonary findings on CT (64%). Screening was positive in 14.0% and 5.6% of the cases in the first and second screening rounds, respectively. Lung cancer was detected in 1.5% of the patients in both first and second rounds (positive predictive value: 11.0% and 26.6%, respectively). The rate of early-stage (TNM I or II) screen-detected non-small cell carcinoma was 64.3%. Of the patients with positive screening, 19% were lost to follow-up before investigation was complete. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this screening program suggest its adequate performance in a cohort of patients with significant respiratory morbidity. The loss to follow-up rate highlights the need for constant monitoring and interventions to ensure adherence.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento , Hospitais PúblicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the performance of a pulmonologist-led lung cancer screening program using low dose CT (LDCT) in a cohort of outpatients with stable respiratory diseases in the Brazilian public health care system. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the first two rounds of lung cancer screening of patients enrolled in the program. Inclusion criteria were being between 55 and 80 years of age, being a current or former smoker (smoking cessation ≤ 15 years), and having a smoking history ≥ 30 pack-years. LDCT results were interpreted in accordance with the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System, and those with a score of 3 or 4 were considered positive screening. Incidental pleuropulmonary findings were sought in all reports. Results: LDCTs were requested for 791 patients during the study period, and 712 patients (90%) met the screening criteria. The mean patient age was 63 years, and most participants were current smokers (56%) with emphysema (78.5%) and other pleuropulmonary findings on CT (64%). Screening was positive in 14.0% and 5.6% of the cases in the first and second screening rounds, respectively. Lung cancer was detected in 1.5% of the patients in both first and second rounds (positive predictive value: 11.0% and 26.6%, respectively). The rate of early-stage (TNM I or II) screen-detected non-small cell carcinoma was 64.3%. Of the patients with positive screening, 19% were lost to follow-up before investigation was complete. Conclusions: The results of this screening program suggest its adequate performance in a cohort of patients with significant respiratory morbidity. The loss to follow-up rate highlights the need for constant monitoring and interventions to ensure adherence.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o desempenho de um programa de rastreamento de câncer de pulmão conduzido por pneumologistas usando TC de baixa dose (TCBD) em uma coorte de pacientes ambulatoriais com doença respiratória estável no sistema público de saúde brasileiro. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva das duas primeiras rodadas de rastreamento de câncer de pulmão em pacientes inscritos no programa. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter idade entre 55 e 80 anos, ser fumante atual ou ex-tabagista (cessação do tabagismo ≤ 15 anos) e carga tabágica ≥ 30 anos-maço. Os resultados do TCBD foram interpretados de acordo com o Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System, e aqueles com pontuação 3 ou 4 foram considerados exames positivos. Achados pleuropulmonares incidentais foram verificados em todos os relatórios. Resultados: TCBD foram solicitadas para 791 pacientes durante o período do estudo, e 712 pacientes (90%) preencheram os critérios de rastreamento. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 63 anos, e a maioria dos participantes era fumante atual (56%) com enfisema (78,5%) e outros achados pleuropulmonares na TC (64%). O rastreamento foi positivo em 14,0% e 5,6% dos casos na primeira e segunda rodada, respectivamente. O câncer de pulmão foi detectado em 1,5% dos pacientes tanto na primeira quanto na segunda rodada (valor preditivo positivo: 11,0% e 26,6%, respectivamente). A taxa de carcinoma de células não pequenas detectado em estágio inicial (TNM I ou II) foi de 64,3%. Dos pacientes com rastreamento positivo, 19% foram perdidos no seguimento antes da conclusão da investigação. Conclusões: Os resultados deste programa de rastreamento sugerem um desempenho adequado em uma coorte de pacientes com morbidades respiratórias significativas. A taxa de perda de seguimento destaca a necessidade de monitoramento constante e intervenções para garantir a adesão.
RESUMO
Pneumonite de hipersensibilidade (PH) ou alveolite alérgica extrínseca é uma reação inflamatória imune que ocorre em indivíduos suscetíveis, devido à inalação de antígenos orgânicos e/ou inorgânicos. Esta patologia deve ser suspeitada quando houver relato de exposição a poeiras orgânicas. Relata-se um caso de PH em paciente masculino de 33 anos, com história de dispnéia, tosse, emagrecimento e febre, apresentando regressão da doença após interrupção da exposição a antígenos de aves. O diagnóstico geralmente é baseado na história e no exame clínico, confirmado pelo aparecimento de lesões típicas nos exames de imagem e pela biópsia pulmonar. O tratamento adequado resulta em melhora dos sintomas, do quadro imagético e do padrão espirométrico. O afastamento do agente causador usualmente regride a doença e a corticoterapia pode ser eficaz em reprimir a resposta inflamatória (AU)
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an immune inflammatory reaction affecting susceptible individuals due to inhalation of organic and/or inorganic antigens. This pathology must be suspected if there is report of exposure to organic dusts. In this article a case of PH is reported in a 33-year-old male with history of dyspnea, coughing, weight loss, and fever, with regression of the disease after discontinuation of exposure to bird antigens. The diagnosis is usually based on history and clinical examination, confirmed by the appearance of typical lesions in imaging and pulmonary biopsy. Proper treatment results in improvement of symptoms, imaging picture, and spirometric pattern. The removal of the causal agent usually determines regression of the disease, and corticoid therapy may be effective in repressing the inflammatory response (AU)