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Acne is a dermatosis that affects almost 90% of the adolescent population worldwide and its treatment is performed with retinoids, antimicrobials, acids, and topical or systemic antibiotics. Side effects such as skin irritation in addition to microbial resistance to antibiotics are the main side effects found. Phototherapy with blue light is being used as an alternative treatment. Our objective was to analyze the use of blue light to treat inflammatory acne. We conducted a systematic literature review, following the recommendation PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses), including in the sample randomized clinical trial studies that compared blue light with another intervention as control. The research was carried out in the PUBMED and WEB of SCIENCE databases and the methodological quality of the studies evaluated were made by the Cochrane Collaboration Bias Risk Scale. After the exclusion of duplicates, the titles and abstracts of 81 articles were evaluated, and 50 articles were selected for full reading, including in the review at the end 8 articles. Studies have shown significant improvements in the overall picture of acne. It is concluded that despite the great potential in its use in the treatment of acne, there is a need for more detailed trials on the effect of blue light on the treatment of inflammatory acne.

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Resumen El quiste dentígero es una lesión benigna que se origina en el epitelio odontogénico asociado a la corona de un diente incluido. Son radiolúcidos y uniloculares, generalmente asintomáticos y diagnosticados en exámenes de rutina o exámenes radiográficos. Los terceros molares inferiores y los caninos superiores son los dientes más afectados, y esta lesión también ocurre en dientes supernumerarios o asociados a odontomas. De crecimiento lento puede alcanzar dimensiones considerables, provocando deformidad facial, impactación y desplazamiento de dientes y/o estructuras adyacentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar un caso clínico de un voluminoso quiste dentígero mandibular, que se trató quirúrgicamente en dos etapas: la primera intervención con fines de biopsia y descompresión de la lesión y la segunda con el objetivo de enuclear la cápsula remanente. De esta forma, fue posible realizar un diagnóstico preciso de la lesión, reducir su tamaño para permitir una enucleación total con un daño mínimo a las estructuras anatómicas circundantes y la preservación de la función neurosensorial. Se realizó el seguimiento del paciente durante un período de 5 años en el posoperatorio, y el caso evolucionó hasta la curación total.

Resumo O cisto dentígero é uma lesão benigna oriunda do epitélio odontogênico associado à coroa de um dente incluso. São radiolúcidos e uniloculares, normalmente assintomáticos e diagnosticados em exames de rotina ou exame radiográfico. Os terceiros molares inferiores e os caninos superiores são os dentes mais acometidos, tendo também ocorrência desta lesão em dentes supranumerários ou associados a odontomas. De crescimento lento pode atingir dimensões consideráveis, causando deformidade facial, impactação e deslocamento de dentes e/ou estruturas adjacentes. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de volumoso cisto dentígero mandibular, tratado cirurgicamente em duas etapas: a primeira intervenção com fins de biópsia e descompressão da lesão e uma segunda com intuito de enuclear a capsula rôta. Desta forma pôde-se realizar o diagnostico preciso da lesão, diminuir seu tamanho de forma a permitir a enucleação total com o mínimo de dano as estruturas anatômicas circunvizinhas e a preservação da função neurossensorial. O paciente foi acompanhado por um período de 05 anos no pós operatório, tendo o caso evoluído para a cura total.

Abstract A dentigerous cyst is a benign lesion arising from the odontogenic epithelium associated with the crown of an impacted tooth. They are radiolucent and unilocular, usually asymptomatic and diagnosed in clinical routine or radiographic examinations. The lower third molars and upper canines are the most affected teeth, and the lesion is also associated with odontomas and supernumerary teeth. The cyst is slow-growing but can reach considerable dimensions, causing facial deformity, impaction, and displacement of teeth or adjacent structures. This study aims to report the clinical case of a large mandibular dentigerous cyst treated in two stages: biopsying and decompressing the lesion and enucleating the cyst capsule. It was thus possible to accurately diagnose the lesion, reduce its size to allow for total enucleation with minimal damage to the surrounding anatomical structures, and preserve sensitive function. A five-year follow-up was performed, with full lesion healing.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) were developed with the purpose of obtaining drugs capable of increasing protein synthesis associated with a lower degree of virilization. Its use is common among bodybuilders who aim to increase physical strength and muscle mass in the short term. However, AAS cause side effects, which restrict their therapeutic use. Objective To identify factors associated with AAS use by exercise enthusiasts at gyms in São Luís, MA. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out at 17 gyms. The sample totaled 723 exercise enthusiasts, who answered a structured questionnaire with multiple choice questions related to their lifestyle and the consumption of nutritional supplements and AAS use. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify the association of socioeconomic, demographic and behavioral factors with AAS use. Results Of the 723 exercise enthusiasts, 10.65% reported having used AAS. Of these, 97.4% declared their awareness of some side effect caused by AAS use. Factors associated with AAS use were: being male, age between 20 and 29 years, consumption of food supplements and participation in exercise for over a year. Conclusion The prevalence of AAS use by exercise enthusiasts at gyms in São Luís is high, and the risk factors identified enable us to target specific populations with preventive actions. Level of Evidence IIC; Cross-sectional study.

RESUMO Introdução Os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) sintéticos foram desenvolvidos com o propósito de obter fármacos capazes de produzir aumento na síntese proteica, associados a menor grau de virilização. Seu uso é comum entre praticantes de musculação que visam aumento da força física e da massa muscular a curto prazo. Contudo, eles geram efeitos adversos, o que restringe seu uso terapêutico. Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados ao uso de EAA por praticantes de exercício físico em academias de São Luís, MA. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado em 17 academias de ginástica. A amostra totalizou 723 praticantes de exercício físico, que responderam a um questionário estruturado, com questões de múltipla escolha relacionadas com seu estilo de vida e com o consumo de suplementos nutricionais e EAA. A análise de regressão logística foi empregada para verificar a associação de fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos e comportamentais ao uso de EAA. Resultados Dos 723 praticantes de exercício físico, 10,65% informaram ter utilizado EAA. Destes, 97,4% afirmaram ter conhecimento de algum efeito adverso ocasionado pela utilização de EAA. Mostraram-se fatores associados ao uso de EAA: ser do sexo masculino, ter entre 20 a 29 anos, consumir suplementos alimentares e praticar exercício físico há mais de um ano. Conclusão O consumo de EAA por praticantes de exercício físico em academias de São Luís é alto e os fatores de risco identificados permitem direcionar ações preventivas às populações específicas. Nível de Evidência IIC; Estudo transversal.

RESUMEN Introducción Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) sintéticos se desarrollaron con el propósito de obtener agentes capaces de producir aumento en la síntesis de proteínas, asociados con un menor grado de virilización. Su uso es común entre los culturistas que buscan aumentar la fuerza física y la masa muscular a corto plazo. Sin embargo, tienen efectos adversos que restringen el uso terapéutico. Objetivo Identificar los factores asociados con el uso de EAA por parte de practicantes de ejercicio físico en gimnasios de São Luis, MA. Métodos Estudio transversal realizado en 17 gimnasios. La muestra totalizó 723 practicantes de ejercicio físico, quienes respondieron un cuestionario estructurado con preguntas de opción múltiple relacionadas con su estilo de vida y el consumo de suplementos nutricionales y EAA. El análisis de regresión logística se utilizó para verificar la asociación de factores socioeconómicos, demográficos y de comportamiento con el uso de los EAA. Resultados De los 723 practicantes de ejercicio físico, el 10,65% informó haber usado EAA. De estos, el 97,4% dijo que tenían conocimiento de alg ú n efecto adverso causado por el uso de EAA. Se mostraron los siguientes factores asociados con el uso de EAA: ser hombre, tener entre 20 y 29 años, consumir suplementos dietéticos y practicar ejercicio físico por más de un año.. Conclusión El consumo de EAA por los practicantes de ejercicio físico en gimnasios de São Luis es alto y los factores de riesgo identificados pueden orientar las acciones preventivas a poblaciones específicas. Nivel de Evidencia IIC; Estudio transversal.

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A locomoção é uma função humana básica que permite ao indivíduo explorar seu ambiente e executar ações apropriadas. A locomoção também pode ser vista do ponto de vista energético, como uma forma de dissipar energia dentro de um sistema termodinâmico. Tradicionalmente, o controle da locomoção tem sido estudado sob a perspectiva de redes neuronais no sistema nervoso central. Abordagens mais recentes têm tentado fornecer uma visão diferenciada para o controle motor, como a abordagem dos Sistemas Dinâmicos ou Teoria dos Padrões Dinâmicos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar os princípios teóricos da aplicação da abordagem dos sistemas dinâmicos para o entendimento da locomoção humana e discutir as implicações práticas dessa abordagem para a área da reabilitação. A abordagem dos Sistemas Dinâmicos é uma teoria que assume a importância dos vários subsistemas do organismo humano, que seriam controlados pelas leis dinâmicas da física. De forma geral, seria um sistema de autoorganização que busca estratégias mais eficazes de acordo com os recursos disponíveis e as limitações impostas pelo ambiente. Através dessa linha de raciocínio, podemos interpretar como acontece o processo de locomoção humana, seus padrões de ocorrência e ainda aplicá-la para a marcha de populações especiais, como paralisia cerebral, acidente vascular encefálico, dor lombar, dentre outros. (AU)

Locomotion is a basic human function, which allows the individual to explore his environment and perform appropriate actions. The locomotion also can be seen from the energy point of view, as a means of dissipating energy in a thermodynamic system. Traditionally, the locomotion control has been studied from the standpoint of neural networks in the central nervous system. More recent approaches have been tried to provide a different perspective for motor control, such as the approach of Dynamical Systems or Dynamical Patterns Theory. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the theoretical principles of the application of dynamical systems approach to understanding human locomotion and discuss the practical implications of this approach to the field of rehabilitation. The approach of Dynamical Systems is a theory that assess the importance of the various subsystems of the human body, which would be controlled by the dynamic laws of physics. In general, would be a system of self-organization looking for the most effective strategies in accordance with available resources and constraints imposed by the environment. Then, we can interpret the process of human locomotion, their patterns of occurrence and apply it to the gait of special populations, such as cerebral palsy, stroke, low back pain, among others. (AU)

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Em fêmeas e machos, caninos e felinos, a castração cirúrgica é o método definitivo mais eficaz e seguro para impedir a reprodução, porém os medicamentos contraceptivos estão sendo largamente utilizados com essa finalidade. O uso de progestágenos é o recurso mais utilizado, dentre os métodos farmacológicos para o controle reprodutivo de cadelas. Vários efeitos adversos têm sido relatados através do seu uso. Foi reportado em cadelas a ocorrência de sérios distúrbios reprodutivos, como o surgimento de piometra, hiperplasia endometrial cística, hiperplasia das glândulas mamárias, neoplasias mamárias e pode ocasionar a morte do feto.

In females and males, canines and felines, surgical castration is the most effective and safest definitive method to prevent reproduction, but contraceptive drugs are being widely used for this purpose. The use of progestogens is the most used resource, among the pharmacological methods for the reproductive control of bitches. Several adverse effects have been reported through its use. Serious reproductive disorders have been reported in bitches, such as the appearance of pyometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, hyperplasia of the mammary glands, mammary neoplasms and can cause the death of the fetus.

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Em fêmeas e machos, caninos e felinos, a castração cirúrgica é o método definitivo mais eficaz e seguro para impedir a reprodução, porém os medicamentos contraceptivos estão sendo largamente utilizados com essa finalidade. O uso de progestágenos é o recurso mais utilizado, dentre os métodos farmacológicos para o controle reprodutivo de cadelas. Vários efeitos adversos têm sido relatados através do seu uso. Foi reportado em cadelas a ocorrência de sérios distúrbios reprodutivos, como o surgimento de piometra, hiperplasia endometrial cística, hiperplasia das glândulas mamárias, neoplasias mamárias e pode ocasionar a morte do feto.(AU)

In females and males, canines and felines, surgical castration is the most effective and safest definitive method to prevent reproduction, but contraceptive drugs are being widely used for this purpose. The use of progestogens is the most used resource, among the pharmacological methods for the reproductive control of bitches. Several adverse effects have been reported through its use. Serious reproductive disorders have been reported in bitches, such as the appearance of pyometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, hyperplasia of the mammary glands, mammary neoplasms and can cause the death of the fetus.(AU)

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although not well known, post-laminectomy syndrome (PLS) is an important cause of chronic back pain, which may lead to decreased quality of life, disability and psychological disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prevalence of PLS, to estimate its impact on the quality of life and to determine its association with anxiety, depression and disability in patients at public hospitals in São Luís, MA. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Eighteen patients characterized as having PLS were selected, and their clinical, epidemiological and psychological characteristics, their quality of life and their levels of physical fitness were evaluated through clinical evaluations, Beck questionnaires, the Short Form-36 (SF-36), the Rolland-Morris questionnaire and the Douleur Neurophatique 4 questions. The multidimensional pain evaluation was performed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of post-laminectomy pain was 60 %. Most of the patients assessed in this study were male and received a family income of up to minimum wage; their mean age was 45 years. All of the patients presented with chronic, intense pain that had lasted an average of 7.22 years. The prevalence of neuropathic pain was 89.9 %. The physical appearance and functional capacity domains of the SF-36 were classified as unsatisfactory in 94.4 and 83.3 % of the patients, respectively. None of the patients exhibited high levels of physical fitness. The average score was 21.33 for anxiety and 18.88 for depression. There was a strongly positive and significant relationship between the anxiety and depression scores. Additionally, there was a moderately positive and significant relationship between the disability and anxiety scores. Regarding the correlation between the pain intensity and the quality of life, there was a moderately significant relationship between the patients' mental health and their vitality. CONCLUSION: PLS exhibits a high prevalence and significance, and it causes high levels of morbidity in patients. Furthermore, PLS features intense levels of pain, reduced quality of life and greater physical and occupational disability.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (a-PDT) with blue light and curcumin on oral disinfection during the 2 h after treatment. BACKGROUND DATA: a-PDT is a technique that can potentially affect the viability of bacterial cells, with selective action targeting only areas with photosensitizer accumulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Twenty-seven adults were randomly divided into three groups: (1) the PDT group, which was treated with the drug, curcumin, and blue light (n=9); (2) the light group, which was treated only with the blue light, and no drug (n=9) and; (3) the curcumin group, which was treated only with the drug, curcumin, and no light (n=9). The irradiation parameters were: blue light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (455±30 nm), 400 mW of average optical power, 5 min of application, illumination area of 0.6 cm(2), 600 mW/cm(2) of intensity, and 200 J/cm(2) of fluence. A curcumin concentration of 30 mg/L was used. The saliva samples were collected for bacterial counts at baseline and after the experimental phases (immediately after treatment, and 1 and 2 h after treatment). Serial dilutions were performed, and the resulting samples were cultured on blood agar plates in microaerophilic conditions. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined. RESULTS: The PDT group showed a significant reduction of CFU immediately after treatment (post-treatment) with PDT (5.71±0.48, p=0.001), and 1 h (5.14±0.92, p=0.001) and 2 h (5.35±0.76, p=0.001) after treatment, compared with pretreatment (6.61±0.82). There were no significant changes for the light group. The curcumin group showed a significant increase of CFU 1 h after treatment (6.77±0.40, p=0.02) compared with pretreatment (5.57±0.91) falling to baseline values at 2 h after treatment (5.58±0.70). CONCLUSIONS: The PDT group showed significant difference in microbial reduction (p<0.05) compared with both the light and curcumin groups until 2 h post-treatment. The new blue LED device for PDT using curcumin may be used for reduction of salivary microorganisms, leading to overall disinfection of the mouth (e.g., mucosa, tongue, and saliva), but new protocols should be explored.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Assimetrias na capacidade de produção de força entre músculos dos membros inferiores e fadiga muscular podem favorecer a ocorrência de lesões em atletas de futebol. Considerando-se que existem diferenças individuais determinadas pelas diversas funções exercidas pelos jogadores, é possível que a presença de assimetrias de força e fadiga muscular esteja relacionada ao posicionamento em campo. OBJETIVOS: 1) Investigar diferenças na assimetria de pico de torque (PT), na assimetria de trabalho (T) e no índice de fadiga (IF) dos extensores e flexores do joelho de atletas profissionais de futebol de acordo com a posição em campo; e 2) Determinar se o IF dos flexores é superior ao dos extensores. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas avaliações isocinéticas de 164 atletas profissionais de futebol (atacantes, zagueiros, laterais, meio-campistas e goleiros). O protocolo para avaliação da força concêntrica dos extensores e flexores do joelho consistiu em cinco repetições a 60°/s e 30 repetições a 300°/s. O teste de Kruskall-Wallis foi utilizado para verificar diferenças na assimetria de PT, assimetria de T e IF dos extensores e flexores do joelho entre jogadores de diferentes posicionamentos. O teste de Wilcoxon foi realizado para verificar se havia diferença entre o IF dos extensores e flexores. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os jogadores dos cinco posicionamentos para as assimetrias de PT e T, bem como para o IF dos extensores e flexores (p > 0,05). O IF flexor foi superior ao extensor em ambos os membros inferiores (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Variáveis isocinéticas comumente associadas a lesões não foram diferentes entre jogadores de diferentes posicionamentos. Os atletas apresentaram o IF flexor superior ao extensor, o que pode estar relacionado à maior frequência de estiramentos dos isquiossurais em comparação ao quadríceps.

INTRODUCTION: Strength asymmetry among the muscles of the lower limbs and muscle fatigue may predispose soccer players to injuries. Regarding the individual differences determined by diverse roles performed by players, it is possible that the presence of asymmetries of muscle strength and fatigue is related to playing position. OBJECTIVES: 1) To investigate differences in asymmetry of peak torque (PT), work asymmetry (W) and fatigue index (FI) of knee extensors and flexors of professional soccer players according to their positioning in field; 2) To determine if FI of knee flexors is higher than those of knee extensors. METHODS: Data from isokinetic assessment of 164 professional soccer players (forwards, fullbacks, wingers, midfielders and goalkeepers) were analyzed. The protocol of evaluation of concentric strength of knee extensors and flexors consisted of five repetitions at 60°/s and 30 repetitions at 300°/s. Kruskall-Wallis test was carried out to verify differences in PT asymmetry, W asymmetry and FI of knee extensors and flexors among players of different positions. The Wilcoxon test was performed to verify if there is difference between FI of knee extensors and flexors. RESULTS: There was no difference among playing positions for asymmetries of PT and W, as well as for FI of knee extensors and flexors (p > 0.05). The FI of knee flexors was higher than FI of knee extensors in both lower limbs (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Isokinetic variables, commonly associated with injuries, were not different among players of different positions. The athletes had flexor FI higher than extensor FI, which can be related to greater frequency of strain injury of hamstrings in comparison to quadriceps.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Asimetrías en la capacidad de producción de fuerza entre músculos de los miembros inferiores y la fatiga muscular pueden favorecer la ocurrencia de lesiones en atletas de fútbol. Considerándose que existen diferencias individuales, determinadas por las diversas funciones desempeñadas por los jugadores, es posible que la presencia de asimetrías de fuerza y fatiga muscular esté relacionada con el posicionamiento en campo. OBJETIVOS: 1) Investigar diferencias en la asimetría de pico de torsión (PT), en la asimetría de trabajo (T) y en el índice de fatiga (IF) de los extensores y flexores de las rodillas de atletas profesionales de fútbol, de acuerdo con la respectiva posición en campo; y 2) Determinar si el IF de los flexores es superior al de los extensores. MÉTODOS: Se analizaron evaluaciones de 164 atletas profesionales de fútbol (delanteros, zagueros, laterales, mediocampistas y arqueros). El protocolo, para evaluación de la fuerza concéntrica de los extensores y flexores de las rodillas, consistió en cinco repeticiones a 60°/s y 30 repeticiones a 300°/s. La prueba de Kruskall-Wallis fue utilizada para verificar diferencias en la asimetría de PT, asimetría de T e IF de los extensores y flexores de rodillas entre jugadores de diferentes posicionamientos. La prueba de Wilcoxon fue realizada para verificar si había diferencia entre el IF de los extensores y flexores. RESULTADOS: No hubieron diferencias entre los jugadores de las cinco posiciones cuanto a las asimetrías de PT y T, así como para el IF de los extensores y flexores (p > 0,05). El IF del flexor fue superior al del extensor en ambos miembros inferiores (p < 0,01). CONCLUSIÓN: Las variables isocinéticas, comúnmente vinculadas a lesiones, no fueron diferentes entre jugadores en diversas posiciones. Los atletas presentaron el IF de flexor superior al del extensor, lo que puede estar relacionado con más frecuencia de estiramientos de los isquiosurales en comparación con el cuádriceps.

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CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Rigidez passiva adequada do quadril pode impedir movimentos excessivos dos membros inferiores no plano transverso durante a realização de atividades funcionais. O fortalecimento muscular dos rotadores laterais do quadril poderia ser utilizado na tentativa de aumentar a rigidez dessa articulação. No entanto, a relação entre rigidez passiva e força dos músculos do quadril não está documentada na literatura. OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação entre rigidez passiva do quadril durante o movimento de rotação medial e torque concêntrico dos rotadores laterais dessa articulação em indivíduos saudáveis. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 26 indivíduos com média de idade de 24,42±2,77 anos. Para quantificação da rigidez passiva do quadril, o torque passivo de resistência durante a rotação medial dessa articulação foi mensurado por um dinamômetro isocinético. A rigidez foi determinada como a inclinação média da curva de torque passivo obtida nos primeiros 20° do movimento. Eletromiografia foi utilizada para verificar o repouso dos músculos do quadril durante esse procedimento. O dinamômetro isocinético também foi utilizado para avaliação do pico de torque e trabalho máximo dos rotadores laterais do quadril em uma amplitude de 55° de rotação. RESULTADOS: Regressões lineares demonstraram coeficientes de correlação r=0,70 (R²=0,50/p<0,001) e r=0,77 (R²=0,59/p<0,001) entre rigidez do quadril e as medidas de pico de torque e trabalho muscular dos rotadores laterais, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Existe associação de moderada a boa entre rigidez passiva do quadril e torque concêntrico dos rotadores laterais dessa articulação. A associação demonstrada sugere que o fortalecimento dos rotadores laterais pode ser eficaz em aumentar a rigidez do quadril.

BACKGROUND: Adequate passive stiffness of the hip joint can prevent the occurrence of excessive transverse plane lower limb movement during functional activities. Strength training of the hip lateral rotator muscles can be used to increase the stiffness of this joint. However, the relationship between hip joint passive stiffness and muscle strength remains undocumented in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between hip passive stiffness measured during medial rotation and hip lateral rotator concentric torque in healthy young adults. METHOD: Twenty-six individuals with mean age of 24.42±2.77 years participated in the present study. To quantify hip stiffness, the passive resistance torque during medial rotation was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Stiffness was determined by the mean slope of the passive torque curve obtained in the first 20° of motion. Electromyography was used to ensure inactivity of the hip muscles during this procedure. The isokinetic dynamometer was also used for assessment of hip lateral rotator peak torque and work in a range of motion of 55° of rotation. RESULTS: Linear regressions demonstrated correlation coefficients of r=0.70 (R²=0.50/p<0.001) and r=0.77 (R²=0.59/p<0.001) between hip passive stiffness and the measures of lateral rotator peak torque and work, respectively. Conclusions: There is a moderate to good association between hip passive stiffness and lateral rotator concentric torque. This association suggests that lateral rotator strength training can increase hip stiffness.

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BACKGROUND: Adequate passive stiffness of the hip joint can prevent the occurrence of excessive transverse plane lower limb movement during functional activities. Strength training of the hip lateral rotator muscles can be used to increase the stiffness of this joint. However, the relationship between hip joint passive stiffness and muscle strength remains undocumented in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between hip passive stiffness measured during medial rotation and hip lateral rotator concentric torque in healthy young adults. METHOD: Twenty-six individuals with mean age of 24.42±2.77 years participated in the present study. To quantify hip stiffness, the passive resistance torque during medial rotation was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Stiffness was determined by the mean slope of the passive torque curve obtained in the first 20° of motion. Electromyography was used to ensure inactivity of the hip muscles during this procedure. The isokinetic dynamometer was also used for assessment of hip lateral rotator peak torque and work in a range of motion of 55° of rotation. RESULTS: Linear regressions demonstrated correlation coefficients of r=0.70 (R²=0.50/p<0.001) and r=0.77 (R²=0.59/p<0.001) between hip passive stiffness and the measures of lateral rotator peak torque and work, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a moderate to good association between hip passive stiffness and lateral rotator concentric torque. This association suggests that lateral rotator strength training can increase hip stiffness.

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OBJECTIVES: The accuracy of cone-beam technique, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), compared with that of the multislice spiral CT (MSCT), for image-based linear measurements of midpalatal suture was assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two measurements were performed by one investigator on the dry skull by using one digital caliper and in the axial cuts by using software. A 2D object-based image registration process was applied to determine the best affine transformation that maps a 2D input image (CBCT) in a reference image (MSCT). RESULTS: The value of the intraclass correlation coefficient was approximately 0.9%. The results suggest that differences between two scanners did not exist (observation 1, p = 0.964 and observation 2, p = 0.795). With regard to the dry skull and the image, the significance probabilities equaled zero (observation 1, p = 0.002 and observation 2, p = 0.004), therefore, indicating significant differences. CONCLUSION: Measurements acquired in the images were similar and these findings contribute to stimulate the use of CBCT for evaluation of the maxillary expansion procedure.

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