RESUMO
Interventions that address adolescent conduct problems are essential for decreasing negative risk behaviors and promoting positive protective factors among youth. Although interventions have been developed and tested in the United States, preventive evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are less available in Latin American countries such as Ecuador. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based, parent-centered intervention, Familias Unidas, in preventing/reducing conduct problems, across time, among youth in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Ecuadorian youth (ages 12 through 14) and their respective primary caregiver were recruited from two public schools and randomized to either Familias Unidas or Community Practice. A series of latent growth models were run to test for differences between Familias Unidas and Community Practice on conduct disorder symptoms across three timepoints covering 6 months. Ecuadorian mental health professionals were trained to deliver the evidence-based intervention. Findings indicate no direct relationship between condition and average change in conduct problems at 6 months post baseline. However, indirect effects favoring Familias Unidas over Community Practice were found through improvements in family functioning. Findings highlight that Familias Unidas was efficacious in an international setting and indicate the viability of successfully delivering preventive EBIs in Ecuador.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between perceived discrimination and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes among recently arrived Venezuelan parents in Florida and Colombia. The secondary aim was to determine whether, given the existence of an association between perceived discrimination and PTSD, this association may have been moderated by gender or by country of relocation. This is the first study to examine perceived discrimination and PTSD in Venezuelan migrants. METHOD: In October 2017, 647 Venezuelan migrant parents (62% female, average age 33) participated in an online survey in the United States (primarily Florida) and Colombia (Bogotá). The survey was cross-sectional and assessed mental health outcomes, perceived discrimination, and participant demographics. RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between discrimination and PTSD outcomes when controlling for age, college completion, marital status, and recency of arrival (ß = .25, p < .001). Further, this relationship was moderated by gender, with the relationships of discrimination with PTSD symptom severity (ß = .26, p < .001) and likelihood of a positive PTSD screen (OR = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [1.04, 1.09], p < .001) both reaching significance for women but not for men. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived discrimination is an important factor when considering mental health outcomes among Venezuelans in the United States and in Colombia. Further, our findings suggest the presence of gender differences in the relationship between discrimination and PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Assuntos
Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Migrantes , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estados Unidos , Adulto , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Discriminação PercebidaRESUMO
The growing use of evidence-based preventive interventions for youth substance use in Latin American countries has prompted governments, researchers, and practitioners to ask if communities are ready for implementing these interventions, especially in light of the elevated costs and long-term commitment necessary for successful implementation. This study explores the construct validity of a measure of community readiness for prevention, using confirmatory factor and latent profile analyses of 7 measures theorized to be indicators of community readiness for implementing preventive interventions for youth substance use. Data were obtained from 211 community leaders in 16 communities in Colombia. Results indicate that community readiness can be represented as a unidimensional construct with multiple profiles of varying levels of readiness. Findings suggest community readiness can be measured adequately as a latent construct and that its indicators can be used diagnostically to assess areas where readiness could be improved for better implementation of evidence-based preventive interventions.
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Abstract Oryza sativa L., Poaceae, is the most important staple food in the world and provides food for more than half of the world's population. The roots of O. sativa have been used as a traditional medicine in Korea. As part of our continuing efforts to explore structurally new compounds from Korean natural resources, two feruloyl glycerides, 2-O-(E)-feruloyl glyceride (1) and 2-O-(Z)-feruloyl glyceride (2), which is a new compound, together with one known flavonoid, 8-hydroxyacacetin (3), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the roots of O. sativa using an LC/MS-guided isolation method. The chemical structure of compound 2 was elucidated based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments and HR-ESIMS. This study represents the first report of feruloyl glycerides (1-2) identified in O. sativa. In addition, the identification of compound 3 is reported from Asian rice (O. sativa) for the first time. The cytotoxic activities of the isolates 1-3 were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells.
RESUMO
Familias Unidas, a Hispanic/Latino-specific, parent-centered intervention, found to be efficacious in improving family functioning and reducing externalizing behaviors among youth in the USA, was recently adapted and tested for use in Ecuador. This study examined the short-term efficacy of Familias Unidas in Ecuador on parent-adolescent communication, parental monitoring of peers, and youth conduct problems. Two hundred thirty-nine youths (ages 12-14 years) and their primary care givers were randomized to either Familias Unidas or Community Practice and assessed pre- and post-intervention. There was a significant difference between Familias Unidas and Community Practice in conduct problems at 3 months (standardized ß = -.101, p = .001, effect size = .262). A significant indirect intervention effect was also detected, indicating that Familias Unidas predicted conduct problems at 3 months through parent-adolescent communication at 3 months (standardized ß = -.036, p = .016, CI 95% [-.066, -.007], effect size = .265). Familias Unidas was efficacious in reducing conduct problems through improved parent-adolescent communication, relative to Community Practice. Future assessments will determine whether Familias Unidas also has an impact on substance use and sexual risk behaviors at later time points, as demonstrated in past Familias Unidas trials. The short-term effects of the intervention, family engagement, and facilitator skill in the Ecuadorian adaptation of Familias Unidas are promising. This study implies that an intervention developed for Hispanics/Latinos in the USA and culturally adapted and implemented for use by Hispanics/Latinos in a Latin American country can be efficacious in improving family functioning and reducing youth conduct problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: MSP-DIS-2015-0055-0, Ministry of Public Health (MSP), Ecuador.