RESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: una intervención basada en ejercicio multicomponente favorecería la funcionalidad. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios locales, en Chile, que los han utilizado. Objetivo determinar los efectos del ejercicio multicomponente en la disminución del riesgo de caída y riesgo de deterioro cognitivo, la mejora del equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida en personas mayores que viven en comunidad. Métodos: estudio preexperimental pre-post sin grupo control. La muestra fue intencionada (n=17; 47,1 % mujeres; 70 años de mediana). Se aplicó un plan de ejercicio multicomponente durante nueve semanas. Pre y post ejercicio se evaluó equilibrio dinámico con el test Timed Up and Go, equilibrio estático con un oscilógrafo postural y la prueba de Estación Unipodal, fuerza muscular con el test de Sentarse y Levantarse, capacidad funcional con el test de Marcha 6 Minutos, calidad de vida con el Cuestionario SF-36 y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo con el Mini Mental State. Para determinar diferencias pre-post ejercicio se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: después de los ejercicios se observó un mejor rendimiento en las pruebas: Timed Up and Go (p=0,004), Estación Unipodal (p=0,023 pierna derecha, p=0,005 pierna izquierda), Sentarse y Levantarse (p=0,014), Marcha de 6 Minutos (p=0,006) y en el Cuestionario SF-36: dolor corporal (p=0,003), salud mental (p=0,000) y puntaje total (p=0,002). Conclusiones: un programa de ejercicio multicomponente de nueve semanas logró disminuir el riesgo de caídas, mejorar equilibrio, fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de personas mayores que viven en comunidad.
ABSTRACT Background: a multicomponent exercise-based intervention would favor functionality. However, there are few local studies, in Chile, that have used them. Objective to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in reducing the falling and cognitive deterioration risks, improving balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and life quality in elderly people living in the community. Methods: pre-post experimental study without control group. The sample was intentional (n = 17; 47.1% women; median 70 years old). A multicomponent exercise plan was applied for nine weeks. Pre and post exercise, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test, static balance with a postural oscillograph and the Unipodal Station test, muscle strength with the Sit and Stand test, functional capacity with the 6 Minute Walk test, quality life with the SF-36 Questionnaire and suspected cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State. To determine pre-post exercise differences, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: after the exercises, a better performance was observed in the tests: Timed Up and Go (p = 0.004), Unipodal Station (p = 0.023 right leg, p = 0.005 left leg), Sitting and Getting up (p = 0.014), 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.006) and in the SF-36 Questionnaire: body pain (p = 0.003), mental health (p = 0.000) and total score (p = 0.002). Conclusions: a nine-week multicomponent exercise program was able to reduce the risk of falls, improve balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in older people living in the community.
RESUMO
Functional impairment (FI) relates to the condition of executive functions (EFs). While EFs become affected by age and educational level (EL). Seniors suffering from depression (SSDs) on the other hand show EF-related deficiencies; however, there is hardly any literature available regarding their relationship with FI in Latin SSDs, who usually have low ELs. OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship between EFs and FI in SSDs of Latin origins, by controlling the effects associated with age and educational level. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional study, of cases and controls, conducted on a nonprobability sample, made up of 102 self-sufficient SSDs and 142 control subjects over age 50, monolinguals of Latin origin (Chileans), all assessed by means of a battery of assessments such as: Geriatric Depression Scale, Addenbrook's Cognitive Assessment III, Trail making Tests A and B, STROOP word-color test, and semantic and phonological verbal fluency tests. A domain of composite EFs was established with standardized Chilean population scores, where age and educational levels were controlled. A simple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between EFs and FI in SSDs. RESULTS: Upon controlling age and educational levels, EFs explained an FI variance of 3.9% in SSDs; depression explained an EF variance of 3.2%, and 3.7% of FI. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study highlight the importance of a timely intervention when it comes to geriatric depression, considering the negative effect it has over the executive functions and the functionality of seniors.