RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological situation of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC) in our country. BACKGROUND DATA: Chronic Hepatitis C affects 170 million people worldwide, and about 0.7% of Mexican population. There is no enough epidemiological information about CHC in our country, and it is very probable that some cases are not even detected. METHODS: An investigation poll was performed. Age, gender, birthday, weight, race, residence and birth place, routes of transmission, ALT levels, histological, serological and molecular diagnosis, evidence of complications and previous treatments were recorded. A data recollection sheet was dispatched to different country provinces; they had 6 months to answer it, in order to recollect all information. RESULTS: 831 patients were analized (58.6% female and 41.4% male) with the following distribution in our country provinces: Aguascalientes 15, Chihuahua 12, Distrito Federal 495, Durango 10, Jalisco 89, Guanajuato 78, Yucatán 8, Querétaro 11, Sonora 40, Tabasco 15, Baja California 5, Veracruz 13, Tamaulipas 2 and 38 patients of Nuevo León. The highest incidence of CHC was found at fifth and sixth decade of life (28.5% y 26.7% respectively. The weight distribution was 36.2% < 65kg, 34.6% 65-75 kg and 29.2% > 75 kg. 86.5% had chronic hepatitis and 13.2% cirrhosis. The risk factors for HCV infection analysis showed that the main route of transmission was via contaminated blood (64.2%); when we excluded the patients that were exposed before 1995, the incidence was lowered to 4.5%. The higher incidence was showed between 1970 and 1990 (68%). The intravenous drug users were predominantly male and on those patients in the provinces near the north border line of our country. The predominant genotype was gen- 1 no matter the province (72.2%), in the intravenous drug users genotype 3 was found in 25%. The viral load was similar in all the provinces. 75% of the patients had have treatment and 22.5% had have two cycles, 50% of cirrhotic patients had have treatment whereas only 28% of the patients with late complications had have it. The most common treatment was pegylated alpha-2a interferon plus ribavirine. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The main route of transmission was blood transfusion. There is a marked decrease in the incidence of post-transfusional hepatitis since the introduction of anti-VHC antibody screening of blood donors (4.5%). 2. The time between the infection and diagnosis was 23 years for chronic hepatitis and 26 years for cirrhosis. 3. Intravenous drugs use was an important route of transmission in the north of our country. 4. The predominant genotype was gen-1. 5. Almost all the patients with chronic hepatitis received treatment, the most common used was pegylated interferon alpha-2a and ribavirin. 6.50% of the patients with CHC have late complications.
Assuntos
Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
O hipotireoidismo congênito, causado pela ausência anatômica ou funcional da glândula tireóide, apresenta freqüência mundial de aproximadamente 1:4000 recém-nascidos. A principal implicação da doença, o retardo mental, somente pode ser evitada se o tratamento se iniciar nas primeiras semanas de vida. Por isso, o diagnóstico precoce constitui a chave de êxito no tratamento da enfermidade. O Umelisa TSH neonatal é um ensaio heterogêneo imunoenziomático tipo sanduíche, cuja fase sólida são micropoços de 10mL em tiras/placas pré-sensibilizadas com anticorpos policlonais anticadeia Beta do TSH. As amostras de sangue são eluídas com um conjugado anti_TSH policlonal/fosfatase alcalina e transferidas para placas de reação. A reação é revelada com substrato fluorigênico e a intensidade da fluorescência emitida é proporcional à concentração de TSH presente na amostra. A leitura é realizada automaticamente por um leitor fluorímetro-fotômetro computadorizado. A curva padrão validada contra ao padrão 80 558 da OMS varia dentro de uma faixa de 10-200 µUI/L, com limite de detecção de 2 µUI/L. Posteriormente, a curva foi ajustada para medir valores a partir de 0,1 µUI/L. A avaliação analítica mostrou uma precisão intra e inter-ensaio no ponto de corte (25 µUI/L) de 6,2 e 7,4 por cento, respectivamente. A correlação entre o Umelisa TSH neonatal e o Delfia neonatal TSH foi boa (r = 0,99), além de não ser detectadas interferências significativas com outros hormônios hipofisários e proteínas séricas. A recuperação do teste foi de 101,1 +/- 3,7 por cento. Na prova de paralelismo, as concentrações calculadas de 3 amostras, após a correção com o fator de diluição, foi de +/- 6,4 por cento da concentração original da amostra pura. O Umelisa- TSH neonatal mostrou-se um método rápido e sensível, podendo ser utilizado como uma opção para programas de rastreamento em massa, já que permite operar com grandes quantidades de amostras garantindo eficiência e custo compatível com a tabela de exames complementares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).