RESUMO
Juçara (Euterpe edulis) is a native Brazilian palm tree from the Atlantic Forest, whose fruit-processing waste can present high concentration of antioxidant compounds. This research was assessed to determine the antioxidant potential of juçara waste extracts aiming to reduce the lipid and protein oxidation processes on conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat throughout 9 d during refrigerated storage. The juçara waste extracts were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction. Two different extracts were tested based on the optimum point obtained when checking total phenolic (TPC) contents (Extract P) and antioxidant activity (Extract A) based on a previous study. The treatments using conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat included: chicken patties without antioxidant addition (AFBNC and CBNC), with synthetic antioxidant (BHT) (AFBPC and CBPC), with Extract P (AFBEP and CBEP) and with Extract A (AFBEA and CBEA), totaling 8 treatments. Antioxidant activity of extracts along with TPC, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and tannin contents of extracts and patties were assessed. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, lipid and protein oxidation process, and instrumental color were analyzed in patty treatments. Although both extracts had similar content of TPC and tannin, extract A presented the highest anthocyanin, while extract P exhibited the highest flavonoid. While extract A exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, extract P was highly influential in the stability of lipid oxidative degradation in both types of broiler meat (AFBEP and CBEP), and as successful as BHT (AFBPC and CBPC). In addition, extract P was also able to stabilize protein oxidation in conventional broiler meat (CBEP) from the third day, until the end of the storage period. Therefore, the fruit waste extract P of juçara can be a promising source of natural antioxidants to prevent the oxidative process in conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat.
Assuntos
Euterpe , Animais , Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Brasil , Galinhas , Frutas , Carne , Oxirredução , Extratos VegetaisRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the physical-chemical quality of fish used in a random sampling of 54 samples of sushi and sashimi tuna and salmon obtained in restaurants with the support of Sanitary Surveillance of the city of Rio de Janeiro from July to August 2011. The temperature were measured at the time of sampling. We carried out physical and chemical tests to determine pH, ammonia, H2S, total volatile bases (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA) and histamine. All samples were exposed to inadequate temperature. Only one of the samples was found above the recommended pH value by law. Five were positive for ammonia and two positive results for H2S. The average results of TVB ranged between 9.43 and 12.37 mg N-BVT/100g and the amount of TMA ranged between 0.57 and 0.96 mg N-TMA/100g, being within the recommended standard. The histamine was found in five samples, ranging between 1 and 10 mg/100g. Considering the samples studied, seven (12,96%) showed some abnormalities on the evaluated parameters. In conclusion, the consumption of sushi and sashimi can cause risk to consumer health. Therefore, we suggest that a continuous attention from the authorities should be held on this type of food due to their high perishability and risk to public health.
O presente estudo objetivou determinar a qualidade físico-química do pescado utilizado em uma amostragem aleatória de 54 sushis e sashimis de atum e salmão obtidos em restaurantes com apoio da Vigilância Sanitária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de julho a agosto de 2011. A temperatura foi mensurada no momento da coleta. Realizou-se provas físico-químicas de determinação de pH, amônia, H2S, bases voláteis totais (BVT), trimetilamina (TMA) e histamina. Todas as amostras apresentavam-se expostas em temperatura inadequada. Apenas uma das amostras apresentou pH acima do limite preconizado pela legislação. Cinco apresentaram resultados positivos para amônia e duas resultados positivos para H2S. Os resultados médios de BVT variaram entre 9,43 e 12,37 mg N-BVT/100g e a quantidade de TMA entre 0,57 e 0,96 mg N-TMA/100g, estando dentro dos padrões preconizados. Detectou-se em 5 amostras a presença de histamina, entre 1 e 10 mg/100g. Considerando as amostras estudadas, sete (12,96%) apresentaram alguma alteração nos parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que o consumo de sushis e sashimis pode acarretar risco a saúde do consumidor. Portanto, sugere-se contínua atenção das autoridades quanto a este tipo de alimento devido a sua alta perecibilidade e risco à saúde pública.
RESUMO
This study aimed to determine the physical-chemical quality of fish used in a random sampling of 54 samples of sushi and sashimi tuna and salmon obtained in restaurants with the support of Sanitary Surveillance of the city of Rio de Janeiro from July to August 2011. The temperature were measured at the time of sampling. We carried out physical and chemical tests to determine pH, ammonia, H2S, total volatile bases (TVB), trimethylamine (TMA) and histamine. All samples were exposed to inadequate temperature. Only one of the samples was found above the recommended pH value by law. Five were positive for ammonia and two positive results for H2S. The average results of TVB ranged between 9.43 and 12.37 mg N-BVT/100g and the amount of TMA ranged between 0.57 and 0.96 mg N-TMA/100g, being within the recommended standard. The histamine was found in five samples, ranging between 1 and 10 mg/100g. Considering the samples studied, seven (12,96%) showed some abnormalities on the evaluated parameters. In conclusion, the consumption of sushi and sashimi can cause risk to consumer health. Therefore, we suggest that a continuous attention from the authorities should be held on this type of food due to their high perishability and risk to public health.
O presente estudo objetivou determinar a qualidade físico-química do pescado utilizado em uma amostragem aleatória de 54 sushis e sashimis de atum e salmão obtidos em restaurantes com apoio da Vigilância Sanitária da cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de julho a agosto de 2011. A temperatura foi mensurada no momento da coleta. Realizou-se provas físico-químicas de determinação de pH, amônia, H2S, bases voláteis totais (BVT), trimetilamina (TMA) e histamina. Todas as amostras apresentavam-se expostas em temperatura inadequada. Apenas uma das amostras apresentou pH acima do limite preconizado pela legislação. Cinco apresentaram resultados positivos para amônia e duas resultados positivos para H2S. Os resultados médios de BVT variaram entre 9,43 e 12,37 mg N-BVT/100g e a quantidade de TMA entre 0,57 e 0,96 mg N-TMA/100g, estando dentro dos padrões preconizados. Detectou-se em 5 amostras a presença de histamina, entre 1 e 10 mg/100g. Considerando as amostras estudadas, sete (12,96%) apresentaram alguma alteração nos parâmetros avaliados. Conclui-se que o consumo de sushis e sashimis pode acarretar risco a saúde do consumidor. Portanto, sugere-se contínua atenção das autoridades quanto a este tipo de alimento devido a sua alta perecibilidade e risco à saúde pública.