RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is one of the main risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the burden of NCDs attributable to the consumption of SSBs in 2019, and the changes that occurred from 1990 to 2019 in Brazil and its five macro-regions. METHODS: This descriptive study used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The metrics used were years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost (YLL), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and deaths. The estimates of crude and age-standardized rates and their respective 95% uncertainty intervals (IIs) were presented per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019, in addition to the changes observed in 1990-2019. RESULTS: Over the last three decades, the age-standardized rate decreased in the Central-West, South, and Southeast regions, while it remained stabled in the Northeast and North regions; meanwhile, the gross DALY rates increased due to the consumption of SSB in all five Brazilian macro-regions. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) were the main outcomes related to the consumption of SSB, with IHDs showing higher mortality rates and YLL in 1990 and 2019 compared with DM-2, which revealed higher YLD rates. CONCLUSION: No significant decrease was observed in the burden of disease attributed to the consumption of SSBs between 1990 and 2019, thus revealing the need to implement and strengthen the articulated actions to reduce the consumption of SSBs, while also considering the country's realities and regional inequalities.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introduction: The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is among the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the financial costs of hospitalizations and procedures of high and medium complexity for NCDs attributable to the consumption of SSBs in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in 2019. Methods: This ecological study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 and the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The attributable costs were estimated from the population-attributable fraction (PAF) and the costs in the treatment of chronic diseases [type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease (IHD)], stratified by sex, age group, level of complexity of treatment, and federative units. Results: In 2019, in Brazil, US$ 14,116,240.55 were the costs of hospitalizations and procedures of high and medium complexity in the treatment of NCDs attributable to the consumption of SSBs. These values were higher in males (US$ 8,469,265.14) and the southeast and southern regions, mainly in the state of São Paulo. However, when evaluating these results at a rate per 10,000 inhabitants, it was observed that the states of Paraná, Tocantins, and Roraima had higher costs per 10,000 inhabitants. Regarding the age groups, higher costs were observed in the older age groups. Conclusion: This study revealed the high financial impact of the NCDs treatment attributed to the consumption of SSBs in Brazil and the variability among Brazilian macro-regions. The results demonstrate the urgency and need for the expansion of policies to reduce the consumption of SSBs in Brazil with strategies that consider regional particularities.