RESUMO
Acute liver failure is a rare but serious syndrome, with an incidence of approximately 2,000 to 3,000 cases per year in North America. Its pathophysiology and clinical course vary, depending on the cause of the primary liver injury, and can lead to high morbidity and mortality or the need for liver transplantation, despite available therapies. This syndrome involves excessive activation of the immune system, with damage in other organs, contributing to its high mortality rate. The most accepted definition includes liver injury with hepatic encephalopathy and coagulopathy within the past 26 weeks in a patient with no previous liver disease. The main causes are paracetamol poisoning, viral hepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury, among others. Identifying the cause is crucial, given that it influences prognosis and treatment. Survival has improved with supportive measures, intensive therapy, complication prevention, and the use of medications, such as N-acetylcysteine. Liver transplantation is a curative option for nonresponders to medical treatment, but adequate evaluation of transplantation timing is vital for improving results. Factors such as patient age, underlying cause, and severity of organ failure influence the post-transplant outcomes and survival.
Assuntos
Falência Hepática Aguda , Humanos , Falência Hepática Aguda/terapia , Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , Falência Hepática Aguda/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Transplante de FígadoRESUMO
Acute Giardia infections often cause diarrhea and stomach upset. Chronic infections can lead to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, malabsorption and weight loss. This study assessed the prevalence of G. lambia infection and assessed associated risk factors among immunocompomised patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment in southern Brazil. A total of 110 immunocompromised patients in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, consented to participate in this study and were recruited. Socioeconomic and epidemiological profile of patients was collected by questionnaire. The prevalence for Giardia were determined through microscopy by the centrifugation-flotation technique using stool samples of every patient. In addition, the genetic characterization of the parasite was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. By microscopy, the prevalence of giardiasis was 17.3% (19/110). Furthermore, the DNA sequences revealed that 7 (36.8%) out of 19 isolates belonged to assemblage B, while 6 of them (31.6%) belonged to assemblage C, 5 (26.3%) to assemblage A and 1 (5.3%) to assemblage D. Risk factors (p ≤ 0.05) for giardiasis were schooling level (OR=8.0 (1.02 - 62.91) sharing a house with more than three people (OR=14.1 (3.77 - 52.51), water sources (OR=38.9 (10.4 - 145.7), sewage treatment (OR=14.2 (3.1 - 65.5), waste destination (OR=7.44 (2.0 - 27.3), owning pets (OR=4.6 (1.0 - 21.2) and cultivating a vegetable garden (OR=4.2 (1.3 - 13.6). The prevalence of G. lamblia in immunocompromised patients was considered elevate with the identification of four assemblage of the parasite (A, B, C and D).
Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Giardia lamblia , Giardíase , Animais , Humanos , Giardíase/epidemiologia , Giardíase/parasitologia , Giardia lamblia/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , GenótipoRESUMO
Acute Giardia infections often cause diarrhea and stomach upset. Chronic infections can lead to malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, malabsorption and weight loss. This study assessed the prevalence of G. lambia infection and assessed associated risk factors among immunocompomised patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment in southern Brazil. A total of 110 immunocompromised patients in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, consented to participate in this study and were recruited. Socioeconomic and epidemiological profile of patients was collected by questionnaire. The prevalence for Giardia were determined through microscopy by the centrifugation-flotation technique using stool samples of every patient. In addition, the genetic characterization of the parasite was carried out by amplifying and sequencing the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) gene. By microscopy, the prevalence of giardiasis was 17.3% (19/110). Furthermore, the DNA sequences revealed that 7 (36.8%) out of 19 isolates belonged to assemblage B, while 6 of them (31.6%) belonged to assemblage C, 5 (26.3%) to assemblage A and 1 (5.3%) to assemblage D. Risk factors (p ≤ 0.05) for giardiasis were schooling level (OR=8.0 (1.02 62.91) sharing a house with more than three people (OR=14.1 (3.77 52.51), water sources (OR=38.9 (10.4 145.7), sewage treatment (OR=14.2 (3.1 65.5), waste destination (OR=7.44 (2.0 27.3), owning pets (OR=4.6 (1.0 21.2) and cultivating a vegetable garden (OR=4.2 (1.3 13.6). The prevalence of G. lamblia in immunocompromised patients was considered elevate with the identification of four assemblage of the parasite (A, B, C and D).
As infecções agudas por Giardia geralmente causam diarreia e dores de estômago. As infecções crônicas podem levar à desnutrição, deficiências de micronutrientes, má absorção e perda de peso. Este estudo avaliou a prevalência da infecção por G. lambia e os fatores de risco associados em pacientes imunocomprometidos em tratamento quimioterápico no sul do Brasil. Um total de 110 pacientes imunocomprometidos de Pelotas, RS, Brasil, consentiram em participar deste estudo e foram recrutados. O perfil socioeconômico e epidemiológico dos pacientes foi coletado por meio de questionário. A prevalência de Giardia foi determinada através de microscopia pela técnica de centrifugação-flutuação utilizando amostras de fezes de cada paciente. Além disso, a caracterização genética do parasita foi realizada pela amplificação e sequenciamento do gene da glutamato desidrogenase (gdh). À microscopia, a prevalência de giardíase foi de 17,3% (19/110). Além disso, as sequências de DNA revelaram que 7 (36,8%) dos 19 isolados pertenciam ao agrupamento B, enquanto 6 deles (31,6%) pertenciam ao agrupamento C, 5 (26,3%) ao agrupamento A e 1 (5,3%) ao agrupamento D. Os fatores de risco (p ≤ 0,05) para giardíase foram, escolaridade (OR=8,0 (1,02 62,91), dividir casa com mais de três pessoas (OR=14,1 (3,77 52,51), fontes de água (OR=38,9 (10,4 145,7), tratamento de esgoto (OR=14,2 (3,1 65,5), destinação do lixo (OR=7,44 (2,0 27,3), possuir animais de estimação (OR=4,6 (1,0 21,2) e cultivar horta (OR=4,2 (1,3 13.6). A prevalência de G. lamblia em pacientes imunocomprometidos foi considerada elevada com a identificação de quatro conjuntos do parasito (A, B, C e D).
Assuntos
Humanos , Giardíase/etiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Giardia lamblia/genética , Glutamato Desidrogenase/genética , Fatores de Risco , Tolerância ImunológicaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El trastorno de la deglución, se denomina disfagia y presenta como complicaciones fundamentales la deshidratación, desnutrición y neumonía por aspiración, situaciones que condicionan desfavorablemente el estado de salud, incrementando la morbimortalidad. En Chile, existen escasas publicaciones a la fecha que den cuenta de antecedentes clínicos que permitan describir a los pacientes con sospecha de disfagia. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados con sospecha de disfagia en el Hospital San Camilo de San Felipe, Chile. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de 767 registros de pacientes, entre los años 2017 y 2019. Se revisó información demográfica y antecedentes clínicos. Para variables cualitativas, se utilizaron proporciones y distribuciones frecuenciales, para variables cuantitativas, se usaron medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: El 58,54% de los pacientes era de sexo masculino y el 79,4% correspondió a personas mayores (79,4%). Las patologías neurológicas representaron el diagnóstico de ingreso más frecuente (61,93%). El 14,73% presentó antecedentes de intubación endotraqueal, el 8,34% tenía traqueostomía y el 84,09% era edéntulo parcial o total. En la evaluación con alimentos, las degluciones múltiples y la presencia de tos correspondieron a las alteraciones de eficacia y seguridad más frecuentes. En el 82,01% se diagnosticó disfagia y la mayoría de etiología neurogénica (68,45%). Conclusión: El presente estudio permitió conocer las características clínicas de los pacientes con sospecha de disfagia hospitalizados. En este contexto los pacientes extubados, traqueostomizados y las personas mayores con trastornos neurológicos o patologías respiratorias se presentan como potenciales candidatos para la evaluación de deglución.
Abstract Introduction: The swallowing disorder is called dysphagia and presents complications such as dehydration, malnutrition and aspiration pneumonia, situations that unfavorably condition the state of health, increasing morbidity and mortality. In Chile, there are few publications to date that provide an account of clinical history that allow the description of patients with suspected dysphagia. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with suspected dysphagia at Hospital San Camilo de San Felipe, Chile. Material and Method: Descriptive study of 767 patient records, between the years 2017 and 2019. Demographic information and clinical history were reviewed. For qualitative variables, proportions and frequency distributions were used, for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency were used. Results: 58.54% of the patients were male and 79.4% corresponded to elderly people (79.4%). Neurological pathologies represented the most frequent admission diagnosis (61.93%). 14.73% had a history of endotracheal intubation, 8.34% had a tracheostomy, and 84.09% were partial or total edentulous. In the evaluation with food, multiple swallows and the presence of cough corresponded to the most frequent alterations in efficacy and safety. In 82.01%, dysphagia was diagnosed and the majority of neurogenic etiology (68.45%). Conclusion: The present study allowed us to describe the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with suspected dysphagia. In this context, extubated, tracheostomized patients and the elderly with neurological disorders or respiratory pathologies are presented as potential candidates for swallowing evaluation.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos de Deglutição/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por IdadeRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites - that may cause diseases to humans and other animals - in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips - one per season - were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwell's technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets' owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de ovos e larvas de parasitos - que podem causar doenças em humanos e outros animais - no solo de praças públicas localizadas na orla das praias do Laranjal, na Laguna dos Patos, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quatro viagens de campo - uma por estação - foram realizadas em seis praças construídas na orla dessas praias. Cinco amostras de solo foram coletadas por praça em cada saída de campo. O material foi processado pela técnica de Caldwell e Caldwell. Quatro praças (66,7%) foram positivas para ovos de helmintos e a positividade da amostra foi de 8,3% (10). Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. foram os principais gêneros encontrados nesses locais. Embora a prevalência tenha sido menor que a observada por outros estudos realizados na área, helmintos com potencial zoonótico foram encontrados no solo das praças. Deve-se ressaltar que medidas para o controle de cães nessas áreas devem ser implementadas e políticas públicas devem ser concretizadas para tornar os donos de animais de estimação e frequentadores destas praias, conscientes da necessidade de mitigar a contaminação ambiental.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cães , Solo , Toxocara , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Brasil , Fezes , AncylostomaRESUMO
This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites that may cause diseases to humans and other animals in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips one per season were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwells technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.(AU)
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de ovos e larvas de parasitos - que podem causar doenças em humanos e outros animais - no solo de praças públicas localizadas na orla das praias do Laranjal, na Laguna dos Patos, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quatro viagens de campo - uma por estação - foram realizadas em seis praças construídas na orla dessas praias. Cinco amostras de solo foram coletadas por praça em cada saída de campo. O material foi processado pela técnica de Caldwell e Caldwell. Quatro praças (66,7%) foram positivas para ovos de helmintos e a positividade da amostra foi de 8,3% (10). Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. foram os principais gêneros encontrados nesses locais. Embora a prevalência tenha sido menor que a observada por outros estudos realizados na área, helmintos com potencial zoonótico foram encontrados no solo das praças. Deve-se ressaltar que medidas para o controle de cães nessas áreas devem ser implementadas e políticas públicas devem ser concretizadas para tornar os donos de animais de estimação e frequentadores destas praias, conscientes da necessidade de mitigar a contaminação ambiental.(AU)
Assuntos
Helmintos , Análise do Solo , Poluição Ambiental , Zoonoses , BrasilRESUMO
Abstract Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them - associated with socioeconomic variables -, showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p≤0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Resumo Pacientes oncológicos são considerados um importante grupo de risco para infecções parasitárias, logo, é fundamental conhecer o que sabem sobre parasitos intestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os conhecimentos de indivíduos oncológicos adultos submetidos à quimioterapia nos principais centros de tratamento para o câncer no município de Pelotas, RS, sobre as enteroparasitoses. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa 200 pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Destes, 69,5% sabem o que são parasitos intestinais, citando Ascaris lumbricoides e Taenia sp. como os mais conhecidos. Quando realizada a comparação estatística do grupo que conhece parasitos intestinais/vermes com o grupo dos que desconhecem o tema, associadas com variáveis socioeconômicas, foi verificado que a zona em que residiam, a escolaridade e a renda familiar são fatores que influenciam no conhecimento dos indivíduos de forma significativa (p≤0,05). Apenas 36% dos indivíduos afirmaram saber quando estão parasitados, relatando alguns sinais e sintomas equivocadamente. Relacionado à prevenção, 52% mencionaram não saber como evitar o parasitismo. A população estudada possui lacunas no conhecimento sobre o tema abordado e, por isso, é importante a realização de ações socioeducativas junto aos hospitais e clínicas de tratamento dos pacientes com câncer.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Adulto , Parasitos , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Brasil , Prevalência , FezesRESUMO
Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them - associated with socioeconomic variables -, showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p≤0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Assuntos
Enteropatias Parasitárias , Parasitos , Adulto , Animais , Brasil , Fezes , Humanos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites - that may cause diseases to humans and other animals - in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips - one per season - were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwell's technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets' owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.
Assuntos
Solo , Toxocara , Ancylostoma , Animais , Brasil , Cães , Fezes , Humanos , Contagem de Ovos de ParasitasRESUMO
Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them associated with socioeconomic variables , showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.(AU)
Pacientes oncológicos são considerados um importante grupo de risco para infecções parasitárias, logo, é fundamental conhecer o que sabem sobre parasitos intestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os conhecimentos de indivíduos oncológicos adultos submetidos à quimioterapia nos principais centros de tratamento para o câncer no município de Pelotas, RS, sobre as enteroparasitoses. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa 200 pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Destes, 69,5% sabem o que são parasitos intestinais, citando Ascaris lumbricoides e Taenia sp. como os mais conhecidos. Quando realizada a comparação estatística do grupo que conhece parasitos intestinais/vermes com o grupo dos que desconhecem o tema, associadas com variáveis socioeconômicas, foi verificado que a zona em que residiam, a escolaridade e a renda familiar são fatores que influenciam no conhecimento dos indivíduos de forma significativa (p0,05). Apenas 36% dos indivíduos afirmaram saber quando estão parasitados, relatando alguns sinais e sintomas equivocadamente. Relacionado à prevenção, 52% mencionaram não saber como evitar o parasitismo. A população estudada possui lacunas no conhecimento sobre o tema abordado e, por isso, é importante a realização de ações socioeducativas junto aos hospitais e clínicas de tratamento dos pacientes com câncer.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Helmintíase , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Neoplasias/parasitologiaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ)2Cl2; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ)2]+NO3- and H(6MQ)+[Co(6MQ)Cl3]- (where H(6MQ)+ is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC50 (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H2DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC50 values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Esferoides Celulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Complexos de Coordenação/síntese química , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/química , Esferoides Celulares/patologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites that may cause diseases to humans and other animals in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips one per season were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwells technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de ovos e larvas de parasitos - que podem causar doenças em humanos e outros animais - no solo de praças públicas localizadas na orla das praias do Laranjal, na Laguna dos Patos, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quatro viagens de campo - uma por estação - foram realizadas em seis praças construídas na orla dessas praias. Cinco amostras de solo foram coletadas por praça em cada saída de campo. O material foi processado pela técnica de Caldwell e Caldwell. Quatro praças (66,7%) foram positivas para ovos de helmintos e a positividade da amostra foi de 8,3% (10). Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. foram os principais gêneros encontrados nesses locais. Embora a prevalência tenha sido menor que a observada por outros estudos realizados na área, helmintos com potencial zoonótico foram encontrados no solo das praças. Deve-se ressaltar que medidas para o controle de cães nessas áreas devem ser implementadas e políticas públicas devem ser concretizadas para tornar os donos de animais de estimação e frequentadores destas praias, conscientes da necessidade de mitigar a contaminação ambiental.
RESUMO
Abstract Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them associated with socioeconomic variables , showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Resumo Pacientes oncológicos são considerados um importante grupo de risco para infecções parasitárias, logo, é fundamental conhecer o que sabem sobre parasitos intestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os conhecimentos de indivíduos oncológicos adultos submetidos à quimioterapia nos principais centros de tratamento para o câncer no município de Pelotas, RS, sobre as enteroparasitoses. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa 200 pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Destes, 69,5% sabem o que são parasitos intestinais, citando Ascaris lumbricoides e Taenia sp. como os mais conhecidos. Quando realizada a comparação estatística do grupo que conhece parasitos intestinais/vermes com o grupo dos que desconhecem o tema, associadas com variáveis socioeconômicas, foi verificado que a zona em que residiam, a escolaridade e a renda familiar são fatores que influenciam no conhecimento dos indivíduos de forma significativa (p0,05). Apenas 36% dos indivíduos afirmaram saber quando estão parasitados, relatando alguns sinais e sintomas equivocadamente. Relacionado à prevenção, 52% mencionaram não saber como evitar o parasitismo. A população estudada possui lacunas no conhecimento sobre o tema abordado e, por isso, é importante a realização de ações socioeducativas junto aos hospitais e clínicas de tratamento dos pacientes com câncer.
RESUMO
The use of hybrid materials, where a matrix sustains nanoparticles controlling the release of the chemotherapeutic drug, could be beneficial for the treatment of primary tumors prior or after surgery. This localized chemotherapy would guarantee high drug concentrations at the tumor site while precluding systemic drug exposure minimizing undesirable side effects. We combined bacterial cellulose hydrogel (BC) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) including doxorubicin (Dox) as a drug model. NLCs loaded with cationic Dox (NLCs-H) or neutral Dox (NLCs-N) were fully characterized and their cell internalization and cytotoxic efficacy were evaluated in vitro against MDA-MB-231 cells. Thereafter, a fixed combination of NLCs-H and NLCs-N loaded into BC (BC-NLCs-NH) was assayed in vivo into an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. NLCs-H showed low encapsulation efficiency (48%) and fast release of the drug while NLCs-N showed higher encapsulation (97%) and sustained drug release. Both NLCs internalized via endocytic pathway, while allowing a sustained release of the Dox, which in turn rendered IC50 values below of those of free Dox. Taking advantage of the differential drug release, a mixture of NLCs-N and NLCs-H was encapsulated into BC matrix (BC-NLCs-NH) and assayed in vivo, showing a significant reduction of tumor growth, metastasis incidence and local drug toxicities.
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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Celulose/química , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Hidrogel de Polietilenoglicol-Dimetacrilato/química , Lipídeos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Acetobacteraceae/química , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Tamanho da Partícula , Propriedades de Superfície , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Introducción: La prostatectomía simple abierta ha sido el tratamiento tradicional para el crecimiento prostático grado III sintomático. En la búsqueda de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas, la cirugía robótica ha venido desempeñado un papel importante permitiendo mejorar los resultados terapéuticos en múltiples aspectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la experiencia en un Hospital Público Latinoamericano de la prostatectomía simple laparoscópica asistida por robot, como alternativa de tratamiento en próstatas de gran volumen.Material y métodos. Pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía simple laparoscópica asistidas por robot mediante abordaje transperitoneal de 5 portales dispuestos en forma de W empleando la técnica de Millin.Resultados. Se realizaron 11 prostatectomías simples laparoscópicas asistidas por robot, edad promedio: 65,17±5,81 años (57-74), IMC: 26±2,06 (23,3-28,3), PSA total: 4,56±2,47 ng/ml (1,54-8,3), IPSS preoperatorio: 28,67±6,47 puntos (18-35), QoL preoperatorio: 5,33±0,82puntos (4-6), volumen prostático por ultrasonido transrectal: 94,52±18,15 (80,16-120),tiempo operatorio: 202,5±66,91 minutos (75-240), sangrado: 650±320,94cc (300-1200),complicaciones: 1 (9,09%) Clavien IIIa, tiempo de hospitalización: 3,67±1,21 días (3-6), permanencia del catéter vesical: 8,5±1,64 días (7-10). Al comparar los resultados pre y post operatorios se evidencia marcada mejoría de los síntomas urinarios obstructivos bajos (SUOB), en la calidad de vida del paciente (QoL) y de los parámetros urodinámicos. No se realizaron conversiones a cirugía abierta ni transfusiones sanguíneas.Conclusión. La prostatectomía simple laparoscópica asistida por robot es un procedimiento reproducible y seguro para el tratamiento de próstatas benignas de gran volumen con resultados quirúrgicos comparables a cualquier otro tipo de abordaje pero con las ventajas que posee la cirugía mínimamente invasiva. Palabras claves: Prostatectomía simple, cirugía robótica, Hiperplasia prostática.(AU)
Introduction: Open simple prostatectomy has being the traditional treatment for sintomatic Prostate Hiperplasia °III. In the search of new surgical techniques less invassives, the robotic surgery play an important role because let better terapeutic results in many topics. The objetive of this work is describe the initial experience in a Latinamerican Public Hospital irobot-assisted laparoscopic simple prostatectomy as an alternative treatment in high- volumen prostates.Material y Methods. Pacients under laparoscopic robot-assisted simple prostatectomy. Transperitoneal 5 ports in W form Millin technique.Results. Did it 11 laparoscopic robot-assisted. Mean age 65,17±5,81 years (57-74). ICM: 26±2,06kg/m² (23,3-28,3), PSAT: 4,56±2,47ng/ml (1,54-8,3), IPSS pre-operatory28,67±6,47 points (18-35) QoL pre-operatory: 5,33±0,82 points (4-6), ultrasound prostatevolumen 94,52±18,15 (80,16-120), surgical time 202±66,91 minutes (75-240), lost blood:650±320,94cc (300-1200), complications 1(9,09%), hospitalization time: 3,67±1,21 days (3- 6), bladder cateterization 8,5±1,64 days (7-10). When comparing the pre and post operative results marked improvement in lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, quality of live of patients and urodynamic parameters is evident. No had convertions or transfutions around surgery.Conclusion. Robot-assisted laparoscopic simple prostatectomy is a reproducible and saved technique with surgical results similars anything other kind whit the additional ventage of minimally invasión.(AU)
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Masculino , Prostatectomia , Hiperplasia Prostática , Laparoscopia , Cirurgia Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
Abstract Since oncologic patients have been considered an important risk group for parasitic infections, it is fundamental to find out what they know about intestinal parasites. This study aimed at evaluating knowledge that the adult oncologic patients undergoing chemotherapy in the main centers of treatment for cancer in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, has about intestinal parasites. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from two hundred oncologic patients who were undergoing chemotherapy. Results showed that 69.5% know what intestinal parasites are and cited Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia sp. as being the most known ones. The statistical comparison between the group that knows intestinal parasites and the one that does not know about them associated with socioeconomic variables , showed that factors that significantly influenced their knowledge were their place of residence, schooling and household income (p0.05). Only 36% stated that they know when they are infected with parasites and misdescribed some signs and symptoms. Regarding prevention, 52% mentioned that they do not know how to avoid parasitism. The population under study showed that there are some gaps in its knowledge of the theme under investigation. Therefore, it is important to implement socioeducational measures in hospitals and clinics that treat cancer patients.
Resumo Pacientes oncológicos são considerados um importante grupo de risco para infecções parasitárias, logo, é fundamental conhecer o que sabem sobre parasitos intestinais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os conhecimentos de indivíduos oncológicos adultos submetidos à quimioterapia nos principais centros de tratamento para o câncer no município de Pelotas, RS, sobre as enteroparasitoses. O instrumento utilizado para coleta dos dados foi um questionário semiestruturado. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa 200 pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Destes, 69,5% sabem o que são parasitos intestinais, citando Ascaris lumbricoides e Taenia sp. como os mais conhecidos. Quando realizada a comparação estatística do grupo que conhece parasitos intestinais/vermes com o grupo dos que desconhecem o tema, associadas com variáveis socioeconômicas, foi verificado que a zona em que residiam, a escolaridade e a renda familiar são fatores que influenciam no conhecimento dos indivíduos de forma significativa (p0,05). Apenas 36% dos indivíduos afirmaram saber quando estão parasitados, relatando alguns sinais e sintomas equivocadamente. Relacionado à prevenção, 52% mencionaram não saber como evitar o parasitismo. A população estudada possui lacunas no conhecimento sobre o tema abordado e, por isso, é importante a realização de ações socioeducativas junto aos hospitais e clínicas de tratamento dos pacientes com câncer.
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Abstract This study aimed at examining the prevalence of eggs and larvae of parasites that may cause diseases to humans and other animals in the soil of public squares located on the shore of Laranjal beaches, in the Laguna dos Patos, in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Four fieldwork trips one per season were taken to collect samples on six squares built on the shore of these beaches. Five samples of soil were collected on every square on every fieldwork trip. The material was processed by Caldwell & Caldwells technique. Four squares (66.7%) were positive for helminth eggs and sample positivity was 8.3% (10). Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp. were the main genera found in these places. Even though prevalence was lower than the one observed by other studies which were carried out in the area, helminths with zoonotic potential were found in the soil of the squares. It should be highlighted that measures to control dogs in these areas must be implemented and public policies must be put forth to make pets owners and beach goers aware of the need to mitigate environmental contamination.
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a prevalência de ovos e larvas de parasitos - que podem causar doenças em humanos e outros animais - no solo de praças públicas localizadas na orla das praias do Laranjal, na Laguna dos Patos, em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Quatro viagens de campo - uma por estação - foram realizadas em seis praças construídas na orla dessas praias. Cinco amostras de solo foram coletadas por praça em cada saída de campo. O material foi processado pela técnica de Caldwell e Caldwell. Quatro praças (66,7%) foram positivas para ovos de helmintos e a positividade da amostra foi de 8,3% (10). Toxocara spp. e Ancylostoma spp. foram os principais gêneros encontrados nesses locais. Embora a prevalência tenha sido menor que a observada por outros estudos realizados na área, helmintos com potencial zoonótico foram encontrados no solo das praças. Deve-se ressaltar que medidas para o controle de cães nessas áreas devem ser implementadas e políticas públicas devem ser concretizadas para tornar os donos de animais de estimação e frequentadores destas praias, conscientes da necessidade de mitigar a contaminação ambiental.
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Vanadium compounds were studied during recent years to be considered as a representative of a new class of nonplatinum metal antitumor agents in combination to its low toxicity. On the other hand, flavonoids are a wide family of polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants that display many interesting biological effects. Since coordination of ligands to metals can improve the pharmacological properties, we report herein, for the first time, a exhaustive study of the mechanisms of action of two oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with the flavonoids: silibinin Na2[VO(silibinin)22]·6H2O (VOsil) and chrysin [VO(chrysin)2EtOH]2(VOchrys) on human colon adenocarcinoma derived cell line HT-29. The complexes inhibited the cell viability of colon adenocarcinoma cells in a dose dependent manner with a greater potency than that the free ligands and free metal, demonstrating the benefit of complexation. The decrease of the ratio of the amount of reduced glutathione to the amount of oxidized glutathione were involved in the deleterious effects of both complexes. Besides, VOchrys caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase while VOsil activated caspase 3 and triggering the cells directly to apoptosis. Moreover, VOsil diminished the NF-kB activation via increasing the sensitivity of cells to apoptosis. On the other hand, VOsil inhibited the topoisomerase IB activity concluding that this is important target involved in the anticancer vanadium effects. As a whole, the results presented herein demonstrate that VOsil has a stronger deleterious action than VOchrys on HT-29 cells, whereby suggesting that Vosil is the potentially best candidate for future use in alternative anti-tumor treatments.
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Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Flavonoides , Silimarina , Vanádio , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Silibina , Silimarina/química , Vanádio/químicaRESUMO
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are early transition metal oxygen anion clusters. They display interesting biological effects mainly related to their antiviral and antitumor properties. On the other hand, copper compounds also show different biological and pharmacological effects in cell culture and in animal models. We report herein for the first time, a detailed study of the mechanisms of action of a copper(II) compound of the group of HPOMs with the formula K7Na3[Cu4(H2O)2(PW9034)2]20H2O (PW9Cu), in a model of human osteosarcoma derived cell line, MG-63. The compound inhibited selectively the viability of the osteosarcoma cells in the range of 25-100µM (p<0.01). Besides, we have clearly shown a more deleterious action of PW9Cu on tumor osteoblasts than in normal cells. Cytotoxicity studies also showed deleterious effects for PW9Cu. The increment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decrease of the GSH/GSSG ratio were involved in the antiproliferative effects of PW9Cu. Moreover, the compound caused cell cycle arrest in G2 phase, triggering apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry. As a whole, these results showed the main mechanisms of the deleterious effects of PW9Cu in the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63, demonstrating that this compound is a promissory agent for cancer treatments.
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Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Complexos de Coordenação/farmacologia , Cobre/farmacologia , Osteossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Óxidos/farmacologia , Compostos de Tungstênio/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Ósseas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos de Coordenação/química , Cobre/química , Fragmentação do DNA , Glutationa/metabolismo , Humanos , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Potencial da Membrana Mitocondrial/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteossarcoma/metabolismo , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxidos/química , Fosfatidilserinas/metabolismo , Compostos de Tungstênio/químicaRESUMO
We report herein the antitumor actions of three oxidovanadium(IV) complexes on MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line. The three complexes: VO(oda), VO(oda)bipy and VO(oda)phen (oda=oxodiacetate), caused a concentration dependent inhibition of cell viability. The antiproliferative action of VO(oda)phen could be observed in the whole range of concentrations (at 2.5 µM), while VO(oda)bipy and VO(oda) showed a decrease of cell viability only at higher concentrations (at 50 and 75 µM, respectively) (p<0.01). Moreover, VO(oda)phen caused a decrease of lysosomal and mitochondrial activities at 2.5 µM, while VO(oda) and VO(oda)bipy affected neutral red uptake and mitochondrial metabolism at 50 µM (p<0.01). On the other hand, no DNA damage studied by the Comet assay could be observed in MG-63 cells treated with VO(oda) at 2.5-10 µM. Nevertheless, VO(oda)phen and VO(oda)bipy induced DNA damage at 2.5 and 10 µM, respectively (p<0.01). The generation of reactive oxygen species increased at 10 µM of VO(oda)phen and only at 100 µM of VO(oda) and VO(oda)bipy (p<0.01). Besides, VO(oda)phen and VO(oda)bipy triggered apoptosis as determined by externalization of the phosphatidylserine. The determination of DNA cleavage by agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the ability of VO(oda)(bipy) is similar to that of VO(oda), while VO(oda)(phen) showed the highest nuclease activity in this series. Overall, our results showed a good relationship between the bioactivity of the complexes and their structures since VO(oda)phen presented the most potent antitumor action in human osteosarcoma cells followed by VO(oda)bipy and then by VO(oda) according to the number of intercalating heterocyclic moieties.