RESUMO
Maternal obesity predisposes offspring (F1) to cardiovascular disease. To evaluate basal heart function and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) responses in F1 males and females of obese mothers, female Wistar rats (F0) were fed chow or an obesogenic (MO) diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. Non-sibling F1 males and females were weaned to chow at postnatal day (PND) 21 and euthanized at PND 550. Offspring of MO mothers (MOF1) rarely survive beyond PND 650. Hearts were immediately isolated from euthanized F1s and subjected to 30 min ischemia with 20 min reperfusion. Retroperitoneal fat, serum triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance were measured. Baseline left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was lower in male and female MOF1 than in controls. After global ischemia, LVDP in control (C) male and female F1 recovered 78 and 83%, respectively, while recovery in MO male and female F1 was significantly lower at 28 and 52%, respectively. Following the IR challenge, MO hearts showed a higher functional susceptibility to reperfusion injury, resulting in lower cardiac reserve than controls in both sexes. Female hearts were more resistant to IR. Retroperitoneal fat was increased in male MOF1 vs. CF1. Circulating triglycerides and insulin resistance were increased in male and female MOF1 vs. CF1. These data show that MO programming reduces F1 cardiac reserve associated with age-related insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner.
Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Humanos , Ratos , Feminino , Gravidez , Masculino , Animais , Idoso , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Ratos Wistar , Obesidade , Insulina , Triglicerídeos , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Isquemia , ReperfusãoRESUMO
We investigated whether excessive retroperitoneal adipose tissue (AT) expansion programmed by maternal obesity (MO) affects adipocyte size distribution and gene expression in relation to adipocyte proliferation and differentiation in male and female offspring (F1) from control (F1C) and obese (F1MO) mothers. Female Wistar rats (F0) ate a control or high-fat diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. F1 were weaned onto a control diet and euthanized at 110 postnatal days. Fat depots were weighed to estimate the total AT. Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were determined. Adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression were examined in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight, retroperitoneal AT and adipogenesis differed between male and female F1Cs. Retroperitoneal AT, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin were higher in male and female F1MO vs. F1C. Small adipocytes were reduced in F1MO females and absent in F1MO males; large adipocytes were increased in F1MO males and females vs. F1C. Wnt, PI3K-Akt, and insulin signaling pathways in F1MO males and Egr2 in F1MO females were downregulated vs. F1C. MO induced metabolic dysfunction in F1 through different sex dimorphism mechanisms, including the decreased expression of pro-adipogenic genes and reduced insulin signaling in males and lipid mobilization-related genes in females.
Assuntos
Leptina , Obesidade Materna , Humanos , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Masculino , Gravidez , Mães , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade Materna/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Insulina , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Triglicerídeos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to summarize the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 from Western Mexico people during 2020. A retrospective analysis from an electronic database of people visiting a sentinel center for molecular SARS-CoV-2 confirmatory diagnosis by RT-PCR from April to December 2020 was carried out for epidemiological and clinical description of COVID-19. Out of 23,211 patients evaluated, 6918 (29.8%) were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 infection (mean age 38.5 ± 13.99), mostly females (53.8%). Comorbidities, such as diabetes (34.7%), obesity (31.15%), and hypertension (31.8%), presented an increased odds OR = 1.27, CI = 1.14-1.41; OR = 1.08, CI = 1.01-1.16; and OR = 1.09, CI = 0.99-1.19, respectively, for viral-infection. Moreover, fever, headache, and dry cough were the most frequent symptoms. No infection difference among sex was found. Those patients >60 years old were prone to COVID-19 severity (OR = 3.59, CI = 2.10-6.14), evaluated by the number of manifested symptoms, increasing with age. In conclusion, a high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence was found in Western Mexico. Comorbidities were frequent in infected people; nevertheless, no association with disease outcomes was observed, in contrast with the highest disease severity risk found in older patients; however, continuous monitoring should be carried since comorbidities have been reported as aggravating factors. This study can help the health officials for the elaboration of planning efforts of the disease management and others in the future.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose association with SNPs has led to the identification of biomarkers in different populations. To determine the association of the -857C/T SNP of the TNFA gene with RA and clinical parameters, 233 RA patients and 237 healthy controls were included in this study. The -857C/T polymorphism was determined using the TaqMan® system and clinical features were also determined. We found that the -857C/T SNP was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Our results showed no association of the -857C/T SNP with RA; however, RA patients carrying the TT genotype showed lower anti-CCP levels than other groups. Therefore, the TT genotype could be a risk factor for developing anti-CCP-negative RA. Our results suggest that the T allele of the TNFA -857C/T SNP exerts an influence on anti-CCP levels and could be a candidate marker for anti-CCP-negative RA.
Assuntos
Alelos , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Artrite Reumatoide/etiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada/sangue , Anticorpos Antiproteína Citrulinada/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/terapia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
In this paper, we present the simulation of 5 different heart failures with the help of the Cardiovascular Simulation Toolbox (CVST) proposed by O. Barnea et al. at Tel-Aviv University. This is a modified version of the CVST, proposed by G.Ortiz; here, we show that the pathological failures can be covered by this tool. We varied the value of the tool blocks, included the results of the hemodynamic parameters and the P-V loop curves for each disease and compared them to the medical data to prove the effectiveness of the simulation. Based on these changes, we achieved an effective simulation of the following heart failures in the CVST: Diastolic Heart Failure (DHF), Systolic Heart Failure (SHF), Right Ventricle Heart Failure (RVHF), Low Output Heart Failure (LOHF) and High Output Heart Failure (HOHF).
RESUMO
Waterborne pathogens, associated with poverty and poor sanitary conditions, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are limited data on the epidemiology of waterborne pathogens in indigenous populations living in the Amazon region. We did a cross-sectional survey in two indigenous Shuar communities in the Amazon region of Ecuador in which we documented the presence of pathogens representing different sources of environmental contamination of water. We detected protozoa and soil-transmitted helminths by microscopy of fecal samples and the presence of IgG antibodies to hepatitis A and Leptospira spp. in blood samples from individuals older than 2 years and collected data by questionnaire on sociodemographic factors and knowledge of infectious diseases. Seroprevalence for hepatitis A and Leptospira spp. were 98.1% (95% CI: 97.0-99.8) and 50.0% (95% CI: 43.3-56.6), respectively, whereas 62.6% (95% CI: 55.8-69.4) had enteric parasites in stool samples. In participants older than 6 years, eight of 10 had evidence of infection with or exposure to at least one of the pathogens studied. Although prevalence of pathogens varied by age, it did not vary significantly by gender, temporal migration, illiteracy, perceived morbidity, receipt of conditional cash transfers, water boiling practices, poor housing conditions, and anthropometric status. These findings indicate a high level of contamination of drinking water by human pathogens in these indigenous communities and the need for interventions to improve access to and use of clean drinking water in these marginalized communities.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Microbiologia da Água , Água/parasitologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Equador/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite A/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Povos Indígenas , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospirose/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza , Saneamento , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Abastecimento de Água , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El presente estudio se realizó a partir de un caso de veramiento de delfín Stenella frontalis, hembra cría, reportado el 30/07/02 para Playa Dorada. Boca de Aroa, estado Falcón, Venezuela. Se mantuvo en una instalación marina por un período de tres días, tiempo durante el cual se le realizaron evaluaciones periódicas no invasivas y toma de datos morfométricos. Murió el 01/08/02 por paro cardiopulmonar. Se practicó estudio macroscópico postmortem, preservándose muestras en formoldehído al 10 por ciento para estudios histopatológicos de los siguientes órganos: corazón, pulmón, estómago, intestino grueso, hígado, riñón y lesiones de piel con capa grasa, fueron procesados en el laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Por los resultados obtenidos en el estudio microscópico se determinó que el individuo presentó una infección sistémica producto de una infección primaria por Herpesvirus spp., concominante con parasistismo secundario por Cyptosporidium spp., cuadro clínico que se vio complicado por las condiciones de estrés a las que se encontró sometido, producto del varamiento. Según la revisión bibliográfica realizada, la parasitosis por Cyptosporidium spp. no aparece reportada en Venezuela para el orden: Cetácea, lo cual se evidencia en la información recopilada acerca de parásitos estudiados para dicho orden. La osamenta se encuentra en Museo Científico de la Estación Biológica. Ranchi Grande-MARNR.
The present study was made, in the event of a young female dolphin of the specie Stenella frontalis, that was found stranded in Playa Dorada, in Boca de Aroa, in the Falcón State, the 07/30/02, in Venezuela. She was kept in a facility for a period of three days, during this period of time, she was evaluated periodically whit not invasive technique, and morphometry data recollection. She died the 08/01/02 due to respiratory arrest, which caused a cardiac arrest. A macroscopic postmortem study was made, taking samples and keeping them in formaldehyde 10% for histopathology study of the following organs: heart, lungs, stomach, large intestine, liver, kidney and lesions of the skin with a fat layer, they were processed in the Pathologic Anatomy laboratory of the Universidad Central de Venezuela. Because of the results of the microscopic study, it was determined that the dolphin presented a systemic infection, because of a primary infection by Herpesvirus spp., related with a secondary infection by Cryptosporidium spp., which was complicated with stress due to the beaching. The bibliographic revue reports that the parasitosis by Cryptosporidium spp. is not present to Venezuela in the Cetacean order, according to the compiled information about the studied parasites for this order. The skeleton is currently in the Scientific Museum of the Biological Station Rancho Grande - MARNR.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cryptosporidium/parasitologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/patologia , Stenella/parasitologia , Evolução Fatal , VenezuelaRESUMO
Antecedentes: Los esteroides prenatales han sido utilizados para reducir la frecuencia de complicaciones respiratorias neonatales. Anualmente se informan 13 millones de nacimientos prematuros en el mundo, el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes informa el 19.7%. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el riesgo de utilizar uno o más esquemas de esteroides antenatales en amenaza de parto prematuro. Material y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel, del primero de enero del 2002 al 31 de diciembre del 2003, se incluyeron neonatos prematuros entre la semana 26 a 32 de gestación, cuyas madres recibieron uno o más esquemas de esteroides antenatales, dos dosis de 12 mg de betametasona intramuscular con intervalo de 24 horas o cuatro dosis de 6 mg de dexametasona intramuscular. Resultados: Se revisaron 108 expedientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, se dividieron en dos: grupo I, 69 neonatos con un solo esquema y grupo II con 39, con dos o más esquemas. La edad gestacional fue significativamente menor para el grupo I con 28 semanas (p = 0.001). La ruptura prematura de membranas de más de 24 horas tuvo mayor frecuencia en el grupo I: 65% de los neonatos de este grupo necesitaron intubación endotraqueal durante la reanimación al nacimiento, contra el 59% del grupo II. Aumentó el riesgo para septicemia en el grupo I. La principal causa de muerte en ambos grupos fue el choque séptico. El riesgo de muerte fue mayor para el grupo I, OR 3.57; IC 95%: 1.2 - 11.36. Conclusión: No se pudo demostrar que la utilización de más de un esquema de maduración pulmonar sea perjudicial para el neonato.
Introduction: Prenatal steroids have been used to reduce the frequency of neonatal respiratory complications. 13 million of preterm births are reported annually. Nineteen point seven percent of the births at The National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City are preterm. We want to know the risks of antenatal corticosteroid therapy in pregnant women with preterm labor. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a third level hospital between January first 2002 and December 31 2003. Neonates with gestational ages between 26 and 32 weeks whose mothers received one or more antenatal corticosteroids therapy schemes (2 doses of 12 mg of intramuscular betametasone with 24 hour interval or 4 doses or 6 mg of intramuscular dexamethasone) were included. Results: One hundred and eight clinical records were reviewed and divided into two different groups: Group I (n = 69) who received one antenatal steroid scheme and Group II (n = 39) with 2 or more antenatal steroids therapy schemes. Men gestational age was significantly lower, 28 weeks, in group I (p = 0.001). Premature rupture of membranes of 24 hour of duration or more was more frequent in group I and 65% of the neonates in this group required endotracheal intubation during neonatal reanimation and 59% of the neonates in group II. Required this maneuver. There was an increased risk of septicemia and death in group I. The principal cause of death in both groups was septic shock. The risk of death was higher in group I; OR 3.57 IC 95% 1.2,11.36. Conclusion: According to this results we were no able te demonstrate that more than one maturation treatment schedule were benefitial in any way to the neonates.
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Objetivo: explorar la relación entre la prevalencia de caries dental y la gestación. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo, en una muestra representativa de 103 pacientes embarazadas que se atienden en una clínica de consulta externa de seguridad social. Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia del 99.0 por ciento de caries dental, con índice CPOD de 13.8 por ciento, correspondiendo 7.1 a cariados, 2.4 a perdidos y 4.3 a obturados. No hubo diferencias significativas al analizar la correlación entre estas variables y la evolución del embarazo, pero sí una correlación de 0.47 entre la edad y el número de obturaciones. Conclusiones: no se encuentra relación entre embarazo y el indicador CPOD, lo que indica que no se está otorgando atención integral a las pacientres, al no existir referencia entre los servicios de ginecoobstetricia y odontología