RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Determining the prevalence of mental disturbances in childhood and adolescence gives us a better knowledge of their distribution in a given age group and provide us data for planning, implementing and evaluating health care programs. This survey was centered on complaints of "nervous problems" in a population group ranging from 1 to 19 years old as a tool to measure mental illness prevalence in that age group. METHODS: A group of 141 children and teenagers with complaints of nervous problems participated in the study, drawn by applying questionnaires from June, 1989 to July, 1990 to a sample of 3,158 people in the age group 1-19 years old, living in the Southeast area of Grande São Paulo. It was conducted an analysis of the nature of the complaints, their referred reasons and behavior, age, and gender. RESULTS: The prevalence of complaints of nervous problems was 4.7%. The older they were the more they complained. It was noticed a male predominance in the younger group and female preponderance in the group 14 years old or older. One in five tried to get any help, and severity of their complaint was the most important predictor for that. CONCLUSION: The prevalence was due to the population's ability to identify mental illnesses and it also reflects the family understandings of these problems. As only a few sought for health care, possible causes were identified and intervention actions were proposed to satisfy the unattended needs.