RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Steroid 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SRD5A2 gene. This condition is characterized by reduced enzymatic activity of the 5α-reductase type 2 enzyme. Individuals with mutations in the SRD5A2 gene may exhibit various symptoms of under-masculinization in 46, XY individuals. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the SRD5A2 gene in a patient with disorder of sex development (DSD). CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a patient with a homozygous Gly183Ser variant in the SRD5A2 gene. Their sibling also carries this variant in homozygosity, while both parents have it in a heterozygous state. The patient presents with predominantly female traits and was raised as a girl. Although the siblings exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics, both have assumed a male gender identity. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals different phenotypes for the two siblings, highlighting the complexity of establishing a genotype-phenotype correlation in the SRD5A2 gene. It is noteworthy that the Gly183Ser variant seems to be more prevalent among individuals of African descent, aligning with our patient's ethnic background.
RESUMO
Poor fetal growth affects eating behavior and the mesocorticolimbic system; however, its influence on the hippocampus has been less explored. Brain insulin sensitivity has been linked to developmental plasticity in response to fetal adversity and to cognitive performance following high-fat diet intake. We investigated whether poor fetal growth and exposure to chronic hyperpalatable food in adulthood could influence the recognition of environmental and food cues, eating behavior patterns, and hippocampal insulin signaling. At 60 days of life, we assigned male offspring from a prenatal animal model of 50% food restriction (FR) to receive either a high-fat and -sugar (HFS) diet or standard chow (CON) diet. Behavioral tests were conducted at 140 days, then tissues were collected. HFS groups showed a diminished hippocampal pAkt/Akt ratio. FR-CON and FR-HFS groups had higher levels of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, compared to control groups. FR groups showed increased exploration of a novel hyperpalatable food, independent of their diet, and HFS groups exhibited overall lower entropy (less random, more predictable eating behavior) when the environment changed. Poor fetal growth and chronic HFS diet in adulthood altered hippocampal insulin signaling and eating patterns, diminishing the flexibility associated with eating behavior in response to extrinsic changes in food availability in the environment.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Hipocampo , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Insulina , Desenvolvimento FetalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compromises the quality of life of individuals including adaptation to the social environment. ADHD aetiology includes perinatal conditions such as hypoxic-ischaemic events; preclinical studies have demonstrated attentional deficits and impulsive-hyperactive outcomes after neonatal hypoxic and/or ischaemic intervention, but data are missing to understand this relationship. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate executive function (EF) and impulsivity, and tissue integrity and dopaminergic function in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats submitted to hypoxia-ischaemia (HI). METHODS: At postnatal day (PND) 7, male Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 10) and HI groups (n = 11) and the HI procedure was conducted. At PND60, the animals were tested in the attentional set-shifting (ASS) task to EF and in the tolerance to delay of reward for assessment of impulsivity. After, morphological analysis and the dopaminergic system were evaluated in the PFC. RESULTS: Animals subjected to HI had impairments in EF evidenced by a behavioural inflexibility that was correlated to PFC atrophy. Moreover, HI animals presented reduced D2 receptors in the ipsilateral side of ischaemia in the PFC. CONCLUSIONS: Animals submitted to HI presented impaired EF associated with tissue atrophy and dopaminergic disturbance in the PFC.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/fisiopatologia , Função Executiva , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Impulsivo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Atrofia , Atenção , Comportamento Animal , Dopamina/metabolismo , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , RecompensaRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: realizar uma análise da produção científica na área da enfermagem e da saúde que adotou o referencial teórico e metodológico de Michel Maffesoli, bem como refletir sobre suas contribuições para a enfermagem e saúde. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizado nas publicações científicas da área da saúde, indexadas na SciELO®, BVS, Scopus®, CINAHL®, PubMed®, Web of Science®. Empregou-se a palavra "Maffesoli", tendo como critérios de inclusão serem artigos completos, originais ou de reflexão, que aplicaram o referencial teórico de Michel Maffesoli na análise ou discussão dos dados, disponíveis nos idiomas português, inglês, espanhol e francês. Resultados: selecionaram-se 30 artigos, sendo grande parte deles com abordagem qualitativa e oriundos da enfermagem. As noções mais presentes nos estudos foram cotidiano, ética da estética, tribo, potência, jogo duplo, pós-modernidade, os quais abordaram o cotidiano nos seus diferentes cenários de cuidado. Expressa-se a importância de estar atento aos aspectos subjetivos do cotidiano, considerando sua complexidade, possibilitando novos e outros modos de estar-junto. Conclusão: o pensamento de Michel Maffesoli contribui para a construção do conhecimento em enfermagem e saúde, indicando caminhos nas dimensões do cuidado, no campo acadêmico e profissional, a partir do cotidiano das pessoas, ressignificando o cuidado que vai para além da técnica, incitando-nos a mudar o olhar e a direção, para que possamos estar em sintonia com as diferentes situações do viver e do conviver, abandonando o des-envolvimento, para nos envolvermos com um cuidado afetivo, aquele que toca, sendo, portanto, efetivo.
RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar un análisis de la producción científica en el área de la Enfermería y de la Salud que adoptó el referencial teórico y metodológico de Michel Maffesoli, así como reflexionar sobre sus contribuciones a la enfermería y salud. Método: revisión integrativa de literatura, a partir de publicaciones científicas del área de la Salud, indexadas en las bases de datos SciELO®, BVS, Scopus®, CINAHL®, PubMed®, Web of Science®. En el presente trabajo se analizaron los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los resultados obtenidos en el estudio. Se empleó la palabra "Maffesoli", teniendo como criterios de inclusión ser artículos completos, originales o de reflexión, que aplicaron el referencial teórico de Michel Maffesoli en el análisis o discusión de los datos, disponibles en los idiomas portugués, inglés, español y francés. Resultados: se seleccionaron 30 artículos, siendo gran parte de ellos con abordaje cualitativo y oriundos de la enfermería. Las nociones más presentes en los estudios fueron cotidianos, ética de la estética, tribu, potencia, juego doble, posmodernidad, los cuales abordaron lo cotidiano en sus diferentes escenarios de cuidado. Se expresa la importancia de estar atento a los aspectos subjetivos de lo cotidiano, considerando su complejidad, posibilitando nuevos y otros modos de estar-juntos. Conclusión: el pensamiento de Michel Maffesoli contribuye a la construcción del conocimiento en enfermería y salud, indicando caminos en las dimensiones del cuidado, en el campo académico y profesional, a partir del cotidiano de las personas, resignificando el cuidado que va más allá de la técnica, nos cambia la mirada y la dirección, para que podamos estar en sintonía con las diferentes situaciones del vivir y del convivir, abandonando el des-envolvimiento, para involucrarnos con un cuidado afectivo, el que toca, siendo, por lo tanto, efectivo.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific production in nursing and health in which the theoretical and methodological framework of Michel Maffesoli was adopted and reflect on his contributions to Nursing and Health. Method: integrative literature review in the scientific publications in Health indexed in SciELO®, BVS, Scopus®, CINAHL®, PubMed® and Web of Science®. The word "Maffesoli" was used. The inclusion criteria were: complete articles, either original or reflections, in which the theoretical framework of Michel Maffesoli was applied in the analysis or discussion of the data, available in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. Results: thirty articles were selected, most of which were Nursing articles with a qualitative approach. The most present notions in the studies were daily, ethic of esthetics, tribe, power, double game, postmodernity, which addressed the daily in its different care contexts. The importance of paying attention to the subjective aspects of the daily is highlighted, in view of its complexity, permitting new and other modes of being-together. Conclusion: Michel Maffesoli's thinking contributes to the construction of knowledge in nursing and health, indicating routes in the dimensions of care, in the academic and professional fields, departing from people's daily life, resignifying the care that goes beyond the technique, inciting us to change the look and direction in order to be in tune with the different situations of living and coexisting, giving up the de-involvement to engage in affective care, which touches and is therefore effective.
Assuntos
Humanos , Atividades Cotidianas , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Saúde , Enfermagem , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
RESUMO Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória descritiva, com objetivo de compreender os limites do quotidiano para a Promoção da Saúde dos trabalhadores. Participaram da pesquisa 18 trabalhadores de um Centro de Saúde no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada, durante os meses de abril e maio de 2014, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, tendo como questão norteadora: "Quais os limites do quotidiano para a promoção da saúde dos trabalhadores que atuam na Atenção Básica?" A análise dos dados foi feita à luz das noções e dos Pressupostos Teóricos e da Sensibilidade de Michel Maffesoli. Como resultado, encontramos algumas dimensões que expressam os limites do quotidiano em seu contexto geral de vida, envolvendo a falta e o excesso. Falta ter tempo e saber administrar o tempo; falta de companheirismo; falta fazer mais exercício e ter mais lazer. Dentre os excessos identificamos: excesso de tarefas diárias; trânsito; trabalho com carga horária excessiva; preguiça; gula. Enfatizamos a importância das reflexões e ações voltadas para a Promoção da Saúde do trabalhador em seu quotidiano, considerando-se no cuidado os limites como possibilidades a serem transfigurados pela potência do ser humano, contribuindo para a criação de ambientes saudáveis.
RESUMEN Es un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo, con el objetivo de comprender los límites de la vida cotidiana para la Promoción de la Salud de los trabajadores. Los participantes fueron 18 trabajadores dn un Centro de Salud en el sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2014, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, con la pregunta guía: "¿Cuáles son los límites de la vida cotidiana para promover la salud de los trabajadores que trabajan en la Atención Primaria" Análisis de los datos se hizo a la luz de los conceptos y Supuestos Teóricos y de la Sensibilidad de Michel Maffesoli. Como resultado, hemos encontrado algunas dimensiones que expresan los límites diarios en su contexto general de la vida, que implicam la falta y el exceso. Falta de tiempo y saber cómo administrar el tiempo; falta de compañía; falta de más ejercicio y tener más tiempo libre. Entre los excesos identificados: el exceso de tareas diarias; tránsito; trabajar con excesiva carga de trabajo; la pereza; gula. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de las reflexiones y acciones hacia la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores en su vida diaria, teniendo en cuenta el cuidado de los límites como las posibilidades de ser transfigurados por el poder del ser humano, lo que contribuye a la creación de ambientes saludables.
ABSTRACT This is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory rsearch, aiming to understand the limits of everyday life for the Health Promotion of workers. The participants were 18 workers at a health center in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred conducted during the months of April and May 2014, through semi-structured interviews, with the guiding question: "What are the limits of everyday life to promote the health of workers who work in primary care?" Analysis data was made in the light of the Sensitvity and Theoretecial Concepts of Michel Maffesoli. As a result, we found some dimensions that express the daily limits in its general context of life, involving the lack and excess. Lack of time and knowledge on how to manage time; lack of companionship; lack of more exercise and leisure. Among the excesses identified: excessive daily tasks; traffic; work with excessive workload; laziness; greediness. We emphasize the importance of reflections and actions towards Health Promotion of workers in their daily lives, considering, during the care, the limits as possibilities for the power of human beings to transfigure, contributing to create healthy environments.
Assuntos
Humanos , Atividades Cotidianas , Promoção da Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Saúde OcupacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Early handling alters adult behavioral responses to palatable food and to its withdrawal following a period of chronic exposure. However, the central mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not known. Since neonatal handling has persistent effects on stress and anxiety responses, we hypothesized that its involvement in the aforementioned association may be associated with differential neuroadaptations in the amygdala during withdrawal periods. METHODS: Litters were randomized into two groups: handled (H, removed from their dam for 10min per day from the first to the tenth postnatal day and placed in an incubator at 32°C) and non-handled (NH). Experiment 1: on PNDs 80-100, females were assigned to receive palatable food+rat chow for 15 or 30 days, and these two groups were compared in terms of palatable food preference, body weight and abdominal fat deposition. In Experiment 2, H and NH rats were exposed to a chronic diet of palatable food+rat chow for 15 days, followed by (a) no withdrawal, (b) 24h withdrawal from palatable food (receiving only rat chow) or (c) 7-day withdrawal from palatable food (receiving only rat chow). Body weight, 10-min rebound palatable food intake, abdominal fat deposition, serum corticosterone as well as TH and pCREB levels in the amygdala were then compared between groups. RESULTS: Experiment 1-chronic exposure to palatable food induces comparable metabolic effects after 15 and 30 days. Experiment 2-neonatal handling is associated with a peculiar response to palatable food withdrawal following chronic exposure for 15 days. Rats exposed to early handling ingested less of this food after a 24h withdrawal period, and displayed increased amygdala TH and pCREB levels. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in the neonatal environment affect both behavioral responses and amygdala neuroadaptation to acute withdrawal from a palatable diet. These findings contribute to the comprehension of the mechanisms that link early life events and altered feeding behavior and related morbidities such as obesity in adulthood.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , Meio Ambiente , Preferências Alimentares , Manobra Psicológica , Estresse Psicológico/enfermagem , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/patologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Proteína de Ligação a CREB/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismoRESUMO
Chronic stress increases anxiety and encourages intake of palatable foods as "comfort foods". This effect seems to be mediated by altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In the current study, litters of Wistar rats were subjected to limited access to nesting material (Early-Life Stress group - ELS) or standard care (Control group) from postnatal day 2 to 9. In adult life, anxiety was assessed using the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT), and acute stress responsivity by measurement of plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels. Preference for palatable foods was monitored by a computerized system (BioDAQ, Research Diets(®)) in rats receiving only regular chow or given the choice of regular and palatable diet for 30 days. ELS-augmented adulthood anxiety in the NSFT (increased latency to eat in a new environment; decreased chow intake upon return to the home cage) and increased corticosterone (but not ACTH) secretion in response to stress. Despite being lighter and consuming less rat chow, ELS animals ate more palatable foods during chronic exposure compared with controls. During preference testing, controls receiving long-term access to palatable diet exhibited reduced preference for the diet relative to controls exposed to regular chow only, whereas ELS rats demonstrated no such reduction in preference after prolonged palatable diet exposure. The increased preference for palatable foods showed by ELS animals may result from a habit of using this type of food to ameliorate anxiety.
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Ansiedade/etiologia , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Gordura Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Restrição FísicaRESUMO
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of breast cancer; however many women complain of weight gain during TAM treatment. The anorectic effects of estradiol (E) and TAM are well known, although the effects of E on the consumption of palatable food are controversial and there is no information regarding the effects of TAM on palatable food consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic treatment with estradiol and/or tamoxifen on feeding behavior in ovariectomized rats exposed to standard chow and palatable foods (Froot Loops® or chocolate). Additionally, parameters such as body weight, uterine weight, lipid profile and plasma glucose were also measured. Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and subsequently injected (ip.) for 40 days with: E, TAM, E+TAM or vehicle (OVX and SHAM - controls). Behavioral tests were initiated 25 days after the start of treatment. Froot Loops® consumption was evaluated in a novel environment for 3 min. Standard chow intake was evaluated for two days and chocolate intake for 7 days in the home cage in a free choice model (chocolate or standard chow). Rats injected with E, TAM and E+TAM groups showed a reduction in body weight and standard chow intake, compared with control groups. With regard to palatable food intake, the E, TAM and E+TAM groups demonstrated increased consumption of Froot Loops®, compared with the SHAM and OVX groups. In contrast, all groups increased their consumption of chocolate, compared with standard chow; however the E group consumed more chocolate than the OVX, TAM and E+TAM groups. Despite these differences in chocolate consumption, all groups showed the same caloric intake during the chocolate exposure period; however the TAM and E+TAM groups presented decreased body weight. Treatment with estradiol and tamoxifen showed a favorable lipid profile with low levels of TC, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio and lower levels of plasma glucose. The E group presented high levels of TG and HDL, when compared with the TAM and E+TAM groups. Taken together, results suggest that TAM acted in an estrogen-like manner on the majority of parameters analyzed. However, tamoxifen acts in a different manner depending on the type of palatable food and the exposure. In addition, the TAM group demonstrated weight loss, compared with other groups independently of the type of food presented (palatable food or standard chow), showing a low caloric efficiency.
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Glicemia/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Preferências Alimentares/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Ovariectomia , Ratos , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/farmacologia , Tamoxifeno/administração & dosagem , Útero/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study examined the effects of two chronic stress regimens upon depressive-like behavior, A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor binding and immunocontent. Male rats were subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) or to chronic restraint stress (CRS) for 40 days. Subsequently, depressive-like behaviors (forced swimming and consumption of sucrose) were evaluated, and A(1) adenosine or A(2A) adenosine receptors were examined in the hippocampus or striatum, respectively. UCMS animals demonstrated depressive-related behaviors (decrease in sucrose consumption and increased immobility in the forced swimming test). This group also presented increased A(1) adenosine receptor binding and immunoreactivity in hippocampus, as well as increased striatal A(2A) adenosine receptor binding in the striatum, without alteration in immunoreactivity. Conversely, the chronic restraint stress group displayed only an increase in A(1) adenosine receptor binding and no alteration in the other parameters evaluated. We suggest that the alteration in adenosine receptors, particularly the upregulation of striatal A(2A) adenosine receptors following UCMS, could be associated with depressive-related behavior.
Assuntos
Depressão/etiologia , Depressão/patologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Receptor A1 de Adenosina/metabolismo , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Adenosina Desaminase/farmacologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ligação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Purinérgicos/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Edulcorantes/administração & dosagem , Natação/psicologia , Fatores de Tempo , Trítio/farmacocinética , Xantinas/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
The effects of neonatal handling and the absence of ovarian hormones on the olfactory memory related to a palatable food in adulthood were investigated. Oxidative stress parameters and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of adult pre-puberty ovariectomized female rats handled or not in the neonatal period were also evaluated. Litters were non-handled or handled (10 min/day, days 1-10 after birth). Females from each litter were divided into: OVX (subjected to ovariectomy), sham, and intact. When adults, olfactory memory related to a palatable food (chocolate) was evaluate using the hole-board olfactory task. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were measured in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. No difference between groups was observed considering olfactory memory evaluation. Neonatal handled rats presented an increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb, compared to non-handled ones. Considering the surgical procedure, there was a decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase and catalase activities in sham and OVX groups, compared to intact animals in the olfactory bulb. We concluded that olfactory memory related to a palatable food in adulthood was not affected by neonatal handling or by pre-puberty surgery, with or without removal of ovaries. The difference observed between groups in catalase and Na+/K+-ATPase activity does not seem to be related to the olfactory memory. Additionally, the increase in Na+/K+-ATPase activity (an enzyme that maintains the neurochemical gradient necessary for neuronal excitability) induced by neonatal handling may be related to neuroplastic changes in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb.