RESUMO
Studies indicate that U.S.-born Latino teens exhibit higher rates of alcohol use compared with their foreign-born counterparts. Different hypotheses have been advanced to explain the mechanisms underlying this immigrant paradox, including the erosion of protective cultural factors across generations and increased exposure to risky peer environments in the United States. The present study examined whether the immigrant paradox applies to drinking initiation and problematic drinking among Latino adolescents, and tested whether generational differences in family protective factors and peer risk factors might explain the immigrant paradox. A nationally representative sample of Latino teens (N = 2,482) of Cuban, Mexican, and Puerto Rican origin from 3 immigrant generations (21% first generation, 33% second generation, and 46% third and later generations) was obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Logistic and negative binomial regression models indicated that early drinking initiation and problematic alcohol use were more prevalent among later-generation youth, supporting the immigrant paradox. Erosion of family closeness and increased association with substance-using peers mediated the relationship between generation and alcohol use patterns in this sample. Results provide support for culturally sensitive interventions that target peer perceptions of substance use and bolster protective family values among Latino adolescents.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/etnologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Família/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Cultura , Família/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
We examined treatment effects over a 6- to 24-month period posttreatment for 3 different interventions for externalizing behavior problems in young Mexican American (MA) children: a culturally modified version of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), called Guiando a Niños Activos (GANA), standard PCIT, and treatment as usual (TAU). Fifty-eight MA families with a 3- to 7-year-old child with clinically significant behavior problems were randomly assigned to GANA, standard PCIT, or TAU. As previously reported, all three treatment approaches produced significant pre-post improvement in conduct problems across a wide variety of parent-report measures, and those effects remained significant over the follow-up period. GANA produced results that were significantly superior to TAU on 6 out of 10 parent-report measures 6 to 24months posttreatment, and GANA significantly outperformed PCIT on child internalizing symptoms. However, PCIT and TAU did not differ significantly from one another. These data suggest that both PCIT and GANA produce treatment gains that are maintained over time, and that GANA continues to outperform TAU over the long term.
Assuntos
Terapia Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Aculturação , Adulto , Terapia Comportamental/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
This study compared low-income Mexican American parents of young children referred for behavior problems to their nonreferred counterparts on an observational measure of parent-child interactions. Referred Mexican American parents demonstrated more negative behaviors than their nonreferred counterparts in both nondirective and highly directive situations. However, no differences were found at moderate levels of directiveness. The most and least directive situations in the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System best differentiated referred from nonreferred Mexican American families, and families differed more in their negative behaviors than positive behaviors. Many of the parenting behaviors that have been found to differ between referred and nonreferred Caucasian families were also observed to differ between their Mexican American counterparts.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Pobreza , Adulto , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Análise Multivariada , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The authors tested the acculturation gap-distress hypothesis by examining whether parent-adolescent acculturation gaps were associated with greater conflict and youth conduct problems among 260 high-risk Mexican American families. The authors operationalized acculturation gaps in 2 ways: parent-youth mismatches in acculturation style, and parent-youth discrepancies in acculturation toward both mainstream and heritage cultures. Acculturation gaps were common, but results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that parent-youth discrepancies in acculturation toward mainstream and heritage cultures were not related to increased conflict or youth conduct problems. Conduct problems were no higher in families in which the adolescent was more aligned with mainstream culture than the parent. Unexpectedly, the authors found more youth conduct problems in families in which the youth was more aligned with traditional culture than the parent. The results call into question the assumption that the more rapid acculturation of adolescents to American culture inevitably leads to distress in minority families.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Transtorno da Conduta/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Transtorno da Conduta/diagnóstico , Conflito Psicológico , Família/etnologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Percepção SocialRESUMO
We investigated the relations between affiliation with Mexican culture and self-esteem at baseline (Time 1 [T1]), and internalizing symptoms 2 years later (Time 2 [T2]) among a sample of high-risk Mexican American adolescents. Results indicated that T1 affiliation with Mexican culture was not related to T2 internalizing symptoms, controlling for T1 internalizing symptoms. The relation between T1 self-esteem and T2 internalizing symptoms was significant, controlling for T1 internalizing symptoms. Regression analyses revealed, for girls only, a significant interaction between affiliation with Mexican culture and self-esteem in the prediction of T2 internalizing symptoms. Specifically, low self-esteem was a risk factor for internalizing symptoms only among those girls minimally affiliated with Mexican culture. There was no significant interaction between cultural affiliation and self-esteem among Mexican American boys. Findings highlight the importance of gender and culture in risk processes for internalizing symptoms.