RESUMO

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) program on anthropomorphic and cardiometabolic variables in schoolchildren with overweight and obesity. A total of 443 schoolchildren (age: 6.37 ± 0.65 years) took part in this study. The experimental group (EG; n = 295; age = 6.40 ± 0.64 years) was compound with children with overweight and obesity, whereas children with normoweight were included in the control group (CG; n = 148; 6.31 ± 0.67 years). The EG performed a training program based on HIIT two times per week for 28 weeks (56 sessions), whilst the CG performed their habitual physical education classes based on the national curriculum. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat, ∑ 4 skinfold fat, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and cardiometabolic risk were measured. The dependent variables were analysed by two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA 2 × 2). To analyse the percentage differences between groups, the chi-square test was used. P-value was set at p < 0.05. Significant differences were found in the EG in BMI, waist circumference, body fat, ∑ 4 skinfold fat, and waist to height ratio. In conclusion, an HIIT training program can be an effective tool for improving anthropomorphic variables and reducing cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with overweight and obesity.

RESUMO

The objective of this investigation was to determine the association between selective attention and concentration with physical fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), V˙O2max, the standing long jump test (SLJ) and handgrip muscle strength (HGS)), lifestyle parameters (i.e., physical activity (PA) level, screen time (ST), sleep duration and food habits) and anthropometric measures (i.e., body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) among Chilean schoolchildren. Two hundred and forty-eight schoolchildren (137 boys, 111 girls, 11.80 ± 1.17 and 11.58 ± 1.09 years, respectively) participated. Selective attention, concentration and lifestyle (PA, ST, sleep duration and Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence) were determined using a standard questionnaire. CRF, SLJ, HGS and anthropometric indicators (BMI and WC) were also measured. Selective attention showed a positive association with MD adherence score (ß; 5.012, p = p < 0.05). Concentration was linked inversely to ST (ß; -5.498, p = p < 0.05). Likewise, concentration presented a positive association with MD adherence (ß; 2.904, p = p < 0.05). In conclusion, children's lifestyles are related to the selective attention and concentration of children; therefore, promoting healthy habits could be a cost-effective strategy in the promotion of cognitive development, as it relates to selective attention and concentration.

RESUMO

Concurrent training (CT), characterised by combining both aerobic and resistance training modalities within the same session, is recognised to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, but little is known about the effects of different configurations (i.e., order) of these exercise modalities on MetS markers and the interindividual responses. The purpose of the present study was to describe the effects, and the interindividual variability, of 20weeks of two CT configurations (i.e., high intensity interval training (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT), compared with RT plus HIIT) in women with severe/morbid obesity. Overall, 26 women with severe/morbid obesity were assigned either to HIIT+RT [n=14, mean and 95%CI, 45.79 (40.74; 50.83) or RT+HIIT (n=12), 33.6 (25.30; 41.79) years]. MetS-related outcomes were waist circumference (WC, cm), systolic (SBP, mmHg) and diastolic (DBP, mmHg) blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (Tg), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Secondary outcomes were other anthropometrics, body composition, lipids, muscle strength, and the six-minute walk test (6Mwt). There were significant differences in the prevalence of nonresponders (NRs) only for WC comparing HIIT+RT 2 (18.1%) vs. RT+HIIT group 5 (50.0%), p<0.0001, but not for SBP 4 (27.2%) vs. 4 (40.0%), DBP 8 (72.7%) vs. 7 (70.0%), FPG 8 (72.7%) vs. 9 (90.0%), HDL-c 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), and Tg 7 (63.6%) vs. 8 (80.0%), all p>0.05. Additionally, the RT+HIIT group showed significant reductions in WC (∆ -3.84cm, p=0.015), SBP (∆ -8.46mmHg, p=0.040), whereas the HIIT+RT group elicited significant reductions only in SBP (∆ -8.43mmHg, p=0.022). The HIIT+RT promoted a lower prevalence of NRs than the RT+HIIT configuration on WC, and overall, there were slightly more beneficial training-induced effects on markers of MetS in the RT+HIIT group compared to the HIIT+RT group.

RESUMO

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to determine the association between the sociodemographic background of a child's parents (i.e., their socioeconomic level, marital status, and educational level) with the child's lifestyle (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD), physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST)), and health markers. Material: This cross-sectional study included 1273 children, from Chile (n = 496), Colombia (n = 340), and Spain (n = 437). The sociodemographic information together with the lifestyle and health markers of the children were measured. There was an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level for the parents of Chilean children and handgrip strength (ß -0.61, p < 0.001); meanwhile, for Spanish children, an inverse association between a low or medium-low socioeconomic level and PA after school (ß -0.58, p = 0.016), lifestyle (ß -0.74, p = 0.015), and with MD adherence (ß -0.86, p = 0.004) was found. The risk (i.e., by odd ratios (OR)) of being divorced/separated parents marital status showed an inverse association with abdominal obesity (OR 0.21, p = 0.045) in Spanish children; however, the parent's marital status and a low educational level were risk factors for the suffering of a low nutritional level in Colombian children (OR 2.02, p = 0.048; OR 2.49, p < 0.001, respectively). On the other hand, a low educational level for parents reported for Chilean children had a positive association with ST of ≥4 h per day (OR 1.82, p = 0.020). In conclusion, in Spanish-speaking children, the lifestyle and health markers of the children are affected by the sociodemographic background of their parents; however, these effects could be moderated by the socio-cultural and economic status of their countries as members of the OCDE; therefore, it is essential to develop policies that decrease these gaps, so that children who are under-resourced can reach their full potential.

Assuntos

Dieta , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida , Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico , Aptidão Física , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Chile , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Dieta Mediterrânea , Escolaridade , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Força da Mão , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade , Pais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Tempo de Tela , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha

RESUMO

Background: Sleep quality (SQ) plays a role in multiple activities of daily living, but little is known about its role in concurrent training [CT, high-intensity interval (HIIT) plus resistance training (RT)] adaptations for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) markers. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of a 20-week CT programme on MetS and HRQoL markers according to the SQ of morbidly obese patients. Methods: Twenty-nine morbidly obese patients were allocated to one of two groups: good sleep quality (GSQ, n = 15, 38.07 ± 12.26 years) and poor sleep quality (PSQ, n = 14, 40.79 ± 11.62 years). HRQoL, body mass index, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP, respectively), and plasma outcomes were measured. Results: The GSQ group reported significant changes (pre- vs. post-intervention) in WC (114.0 ± 3.1 vs. 110.4 ± 3.4 cm, p = 0.012), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (137.0 ± 4.3 vs. 125.6 ± 1.8 mmHg, p = 0.006), and HRQoL general health (51.33 ± 21.08 vs. 64.33 ± 16.24, p = 0.020). By contrast, the PSQ group showed significant changes only in SQ (9.00 ± 2.42 vs. 5.36 ± 2.84, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Morbidly obese PSQ patients showed a lower response for improving MetS and HRQoL markers after a 20-week CT programme than GSQ peers. However, there was a greater effect size for decreasing WC and SBP in favour of the GSQ compared with the PSQ group, suggesting that there are limitations to CT benefits on these outcomes in the PSQ group. These results call for more complex future studies.

Assuntos

Síndrome Metabólica , Obesidade Mórbida , Qualidade de Vida , Sono , Atividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes

RESUMO

The association between the changes in lifestyle during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confinement and body weight have not been studied deeply. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine lifestyle changes, such as eating habits and physical activity (PA) patterns, caused by confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze its association with changes in body weight. Seven hundred participants (women, n = 528 and men, n = 172) aged between 18-62 years old of the Chilean national territory participated in the study. Food habits, PA, body weight, and sociodemographic variables were measured through a survey in May and June 2020. The body weight increase presented positive association with the consumption of fried foods ≥ 3 times per week (OR; 3.36, p < 0.001), low water consumption (OR; 1.58, p = 0.03), and sedentary time ≥6 h/day (OR; 1.85, p = 0.01). Conversely, fish consumed (OR; 0.67, p = 0.03), active breaks (OR; 0.72, p = 0.04), and PA ≥ 4 times per week (OR; 0.51, p = 0.001) presented an inverse association with body weight increase. Daily alcohol consumption (OR; 4.77, p = 0.003) was associated with PA decrease. Food habits, PA, and active breaks may be protective factors for weight increase during COVID-19 confinement.

Assuntos

Infecções por Coronavirus/fisiopatologia , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Alimentar , Pneumonia Viral/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Betacoronavirus , Peso Corporal , COVID-19 , Chile , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Ingestão de Líquidos , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely used to fight cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and adults, but no data are available on its applicability in children. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of HIIT on different anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of overweight and obese children aged 7-9 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four groups were formed: 1) an overweight control group (OWCG, n=30, BMI=21.60±3.72kg/m2); 2) an obesity control group (OCG, n=34, BMI=23.92±3.11kg/m2); 3) an overweight intervention group (OWIG, n=69, BMI=20.01±1.88kg/m2), and 4) an obesity intervention group (OIG, n=141, BMI=24.12±2.66kg/m2). BMI, body fat (BF), waist circumference, height-waist ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were significant differences in BMI (P<.001), BF (P<.001), and CRF (P<.001) between the groups (control vs. intervention) before and after intervention (OWCG vs. OWIG and OCG vs. OIG). BMI decreased in the OWIG (BMI, 20.01±1.88 at baseline vs. 19.00±2.02 after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BMI, 24.12±2.66 at baseline vs. 23.23±3.23 after HIIT, P<.001) groups. Similarly, BF decreased in the OWIG (BF, 21.84±4.97 at baseline vs. 19.55±4.81% after HIIT, P<.001) and OIG (BF, 30.26±11.49 at baseline vs. 26.81±6.80% after HIIT, P<.001) groups. CRF improved in both intervention groups (P<.001). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence rate of schoolchildren with obesity (from 66.4% to 49.6%) (P<.001). CONCLUSION: The intervention conducted in the school setting improved the anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters of schoolchildren, and also allowed for reducing the proportion of schoolchildren with obesity.

Assuntos

Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Obesidade Infantil/terapia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituições Acadêmicas , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

This study aims to analyse the effects of indoor physical training program on the enjoyment and the willingness to participate in sports activities, physical self-concept and the quality of life in children with asthma. Participants were randomized in an experimental group (EG) (n=58, age=11.55±1.01 years old) and, a control group (CG) (n = 47, age=11.51±1.42 years old). An indoor training program was executed for 12-week, with each week containing three sessions of 60 minutes. Enjoyment in physical activity questionnaire, participation in physical activities, physical self-concept questionnaire, 6 minute walking test, and paediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire were employed. After the intervention, EG showed a significant reduction in the body mass index as well as a significant improvement in physical fitness test and the score obtained in questionnaires compared to the CG. A12-week indoor training program targeted towards asthmatic children improved the sport enjoyment, physical activity participation, physical self-concept, and quality of life.

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O objetivo estudo foi analisar o efeito de um programa de treinamento indoor no prazer e na intenção de prática de esportes, no autoconceito físico e na qualidade de vida em crianças com asma. Participantes foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental (GE) (n=58, idade = 11,55 ± 1,01 anos), e grupo de controle (GC) (n=47, idade=11,51 ± 1,42 anos). Foi ministrado um programa de treinamento indoor de 12-semanas, com 3 sessões semanais de 60-minutos de duração. Foram utilizados os questionários autoconceito físico, 6-Minutes Walk Test (6MWT) e questionário de qualidade de vida de asma pediátrico. O programa de treinamento GE reduziu o IMC, além de melhorar as pontuações nos vários testes e questionários preenchidos, contrário do GC. O programa de treinamento indoor de 12-semanas aumentou o prazer da prática da atividade física, a participação da atividade física, o autoconceito físico e a qualidade de vida em crianças com asma.

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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento indoor en el disfrute e intención de participar en actividades deportivas, autoconcepto físico y calidad de vida en niños con asma. Participantes fueron randomizados en grupo experimental (GE) (n=58, edad= 11,55 ± 1,01 años), y grupo control (GC) (n=47, edad=11,51 ± 1,42 años). Se llevó a cabo un programa de entrenamiento indoor de 12-semanas, con 3 sesiones semanales de 60-minutos. El cuestionario de disfrute en actividades físicas, participación en actividades físicas, autoconcepto físico, 6-minute walking test y cuestionario de calidad de vida de asma pediátrico fueron empleados. A diferencia del GC, para el GE el programa de entrenamiento provocó una reducción en IMC, además de una mejora en las puntuaciones obtenidas en el test de condición física y la puntuación de los cuestionarios cumplimentados. Un programa de entrenamiento indoor de 12-semanas mejoró el disfrute de la actividad física, la participación en actividades físicas, el auto-concepto físico y calidad de vida en niños con asma.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Asma , Exercício Físico , Qualidade de Vida

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the alcohol, and tobacco consumption and sports practice for Mexican and Spanish and its relation to sensation seeking. Methods: 309 university students participated, 154 Spanish and 155 Mexican. We used the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS-V), the health survey Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and a lifestyle questionnaire conducted ad hoc. RESULTS: Mexican Students often have lower consumption of tobacco, alcohol and binge drinking and more frequent sport than Spanish students and receive higher scores on the SF-36. Disinhibition is a risk factor for alcohol consumption and physical inactivity and SSS-V for tobacco consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of alcohol, tobacco and physical inactivity in universities in Spain and Mexico is low. The SSS-V full scale is a predictor of tobacco consumption and dimension DES of alcohol consumption and physical inactivity.

Assuntos

Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Comportamento Exploratório , Qualidade de Vida , Sensação , Fumar/epidemiologia , Esportes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is to analyze acute effect of running extended interval training(EIT) on vertical jump (VJ) and handgrip strength (HS) performance in experienced endurance athletes. In order to analyze mechanical parameters of the VJ and HS between runs, sixteen experienced male athletes performed an EIT (4x3x400m). The results show that fatigue induced by EIT does not impair handgrip strength or VJ performance. A significant improvement (p< .05) was noted for VJ due to the postactivation potentiation (PAP) phenomenon. A positive correlation (r= .619, p= .011) was found between VJ and lactate. The results suggest that experienced long-distance runners can maintain their strength levels and, consequently, work capacity, despite the induced fatigue by the field training demand. Therefore, VJ performance during EIT can be used as an indicator of muscular adaptations to training and, together, with handgrip strength, become indicators of fatigue. These indicators allow proper prescription training routines...

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"Fadiga concorrente e potenciação pós-ativação durante o treinamento intervalado extensivo em corredores de fundo." O objetivo do estudo é analisar a relação entre a fadiga e a potenciação pós-ativação (PPA) nos corredores de fundo durante uma sessão de treinamento típico, extensivo treinamento intervalado (ETI). Dezesseis atletas experientes executaram o ETI (4x3x400m) e se avaliou o desempenho entre as repetições e os parâmetros mecânicos associados ao salto vertical (SV) e à força de preensão manual. Os resultados mostram que o ETI não deteriora o desempenho dos atletas neste nesta prova e que inclusive há um aumento no SV (p< 0,05), devido ao fenômeno do PPA. Verificou-se uma correlação entre SV-lactado (r= 0,619, p= 0,011). Os dados obtidos sugerem que os atletas de resistência podem manter os níveis de força e a capacidade de trabalho apesar de fadiga induzida por ETI. O desempenho no SV para um ETI pode ser indicador de adaptações musculares do treino que, junto com a força de preensão manual, podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas para prescrição de treinamento...

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"Fatiga concurrente y potenciación postactivación durante el entrenamiento interválico extendido en corredores de resistencia." El objetivo del estudio el efecto de un entrenamiento interválico extensivo (EIE) en el rendimiento en salto vertical (SV) y dinamometría manual en corredores de resistencia. Dieciséis atletas experimentados ejecutaron el EIE (4x3x400m), y se evaluó entre repeticiones el rendimiento en SV y parametros mecánicos asociados, y en fuerza de prensión manual. Los resultados muestran que EIE no deteriora el rendimiento en dichos test, e incluso aumenta significativamente en SV (p< 0,05) debido al fenómeno de potenciación postactivación (PPA). Se halló correlación entre SV y lactato (r= 0,619; p= 0,011). Los datos obtenidos sugieren que atletas de resistencia pueden mantener niveles de fuerza y capacidad de trabajo a pesar de la fatiga inducida por este entrenamiento en pista. El rendimiento en SV durante un EIE puede usarse como indicador de adaptaciones musculares al entrenamiento y, junto a fuerza de prensión manual, podrían utilizarse como herramientas para la prescripción del entrenamiento...

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Corrida/fisiologia , Fadiga Muscular

RESUMO

Objetivo Analizar la relación existente entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y práctica deportiva en adolescentes. Metodología Los participantes de este estudio han sido 272 escolares de educación secundaria (edad= 14.14±1.35 años), 130 niños y 142 niñas, 93 alumnos del primer ciclo y 179 del segundo ciclo. Se empleó la Escala de Búsqueda de Sensaciones (EBS-J) de Pérez et al. (1987) y para el análisis de los hábitos de vida se utilizó una adaptación del Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998). Resultados El 76% de los niños y el 75.4% de las niñas se declaran bebedores de alcohol (p=0.906); el 36.2% de los niños y el 42.3% de las niñas fuman (p=0.304); y el 92.3% de los niños por el 57.7% de las niñas (p<0.001) son deportistas, práctica que se reduce con la edad (p=0.009). La edad es un factor de riesgo de tabaquismo y consumo de alcohol; por el contrario, el sexo no es un factor predictivo de estos consumos. La búsqueda de excitación y desinhibición son factores moderadamente predictivos del consumo de tabaco y la desinhibición igualmente en el consumo de alcohol. Ninguna dimensión de la EBS-J mostró capacidad predictiva de la conducta sedentaria. Conclusiones La BS es un factor de personalidad relacionado con el consumo temprano de sustancias como el alcohol y el tabaco, revelándose algunos de sus rasgos como factores predictivos del consumo de estas sustancias en adolescentes.

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Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sensation seeking activity, consumption of alcohol and/or tobacco, and sport practice in teenagers. Methodology In this study, there were 272 participants, all currently attending high school (age=14.14±1.35 years): 130 boys and 142 girls; 93 first year students and 179 second year students. The Sensation Seeking Scale (EBS-J) of Pérez et al. (1987) was used as well as an adaptation of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (Currie, 1998), which analyzed lifestyle. Results 76% of the boys and 75.4% of the girls are reported to have consumed alcoholic beverages (p=0.906); 36.2% of the boys and 42.3% of the girls are reported to have consumed tobacco (p=0.304); and 92.3% of the boys and 57.7% of the girls (p<0.001) are reported to have been athletes, a practice which is reduced with age (p=0.009). Age is a risk factor for tobacco and alcohol consumption; however, sex is not indicative of this consumption. Sensation seeking leads to the consumption of alcohol and tobacco because it creates a necessity for excitement and inhibition. No dimension of the EBS-J scale predicted a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions BS is a personality factor related to the early consumption of substances such as alcohol and tobacco and whose traits were revealed as good indicators of the propensity in teenagers to consume these substances.