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The latent potential of active ingredients derived from agro-industrial waste remains largely untapped and offers a wealth of unexplored resources. While these types of materials have applications in various fields, their ability to benefit human health needs to be further explored and investigated. This systematic review was conducted to systematically evaluate non-clinical studies that have investigated the biological effects of fractions, extracts and bioactive compounds from agro-industrial wastes and their potential therapeutic applications. Articles were selected via PubMed, Embase and Medline using the descriptors (by-products[title/abstract]) AND (agro-industrial[title/abstract]). The systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero) under the number CRD42024491021. After a detailed analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 38 articles were used for data extraction and discussion of the results. Information was found from in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating a variety of residues from the agro-industry. The studies investigated peels, pomace/bagasse, pulp, seeds, aerial parts, cereals/grains and other types of waste. The most studied activities include mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but other activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antinociceptive, hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and anticoagulant effects have also been described. Finally, the studies included in this review demonstrate the potential of agro-industrial waste and can drive future research with a focus on clinical application.

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for the development of squamous cell cervical cancer, and E6 oncoprotein and E7 oncoprotein are important components of the viral genome and its oncogenic potential. It is known that different viral variants of HPV16 have different pathology and impact on the development of neoplasia, although few studies have been performed on South American variants. Objective: Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze in silico the genomic diversity of HPV16 in 20 complete genome variants of South America in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Methods: We performed a descriptive study to characterize the polymorphic regions of the E6 and E7 genes in HPV16 variants, using software for genomic data and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and others for phylogenetic analysis. Results: The variants analyzed included six SNPs linked to cancer (A131G, G145T, C335T, T350G, C712A, and T732C) and significant variation (798 nucleotide substitutions). Despite this, the variants showed low genetic diversity. Eighteen variants of unclear significance (VUS) were identified, 10 of which were in the coding E6 regions and 8 in the coding E7 regions. The prevalence of lineage D variants is of concern due to their pathology in cervical cancer and requires more research and epidemiological vigilance regarding their prevalence in the population. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study may contribute to future research on South American variants of HPV16, their pathogenicity, and the development of treatments.

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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology is not fully understood, but environmental, microbial, and immunologic factors, as well as a genetic predisposition, play a role. UC is characterized by episodes of abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, severe colonic inflammation, and ulceration. Despite the increase in the frequency of UC and the deterioration of the quality of life, there are still patients who do not respond well to available treatment options. Against this background, natural products such as polysaccharides are becoming increasingly important as they protect the intestinal mucosa, promote wound healing, relieve inflammation and pain, and restore intestinal motility. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polysaccharide isolated from the biomass of Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens (here referred to as CPW) in an experimental model of acute and chronic ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). CPW reversed weight loss, increased disease activity index (DAI), bloody diarrhea, and colon shortening. In addition, CPW reduced visceral mechanical hypersensitivity, controlled oxidative stress and inflammation, and protected the mucosal barrier. CPW is not absorbed in the intestine, does not inhibit cytochrome P450 proteins, and does not exhibit AMES toxicity. These results suggest that CPW attenuates DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis in mice and may be a potential alternative treatment for UC.

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Gastrointestinal mucositis is a serious and dose-limiting toxic side effect of oncologic treatment. Interruption of cancer treatment due to gastrointestinal mucositis leads to a significant decrease in cure rates and consequently to the deterioration of a patient's quality of life. Natural polysaccharides show a variety of beneficial effects, including a gastroprotective effect. Treatment with soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) biomass residues protected the gastric and intestinal mucosa in models of gastrointestinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective therapeutic effect of SDF on 5-FU-induced mucositis in male and female mice. Oral treatment of the animals with SDF did not prevent weight loss but reduced the disease activity index and preserved normal intestinal function by alleviating diarrhea and altered gastrointestinal transit. SDF preserved the length of the colon and histological damage caused by 5-FU. SDF significantly restored the oxidative stress and inflammation in the intestine and the enlargement and swelling of the spleen induced by 5-FU. In conclusion, SDF may be a promising adjuvant strategy for the prevention and treatment of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.

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Antineoplastic treatment induces a type of gastrointestinal toxicity known as mucositis. Findings in animal models are usually easily reproducible, and standardized treatment regimens are often used, thus supporting translational science. Essential characteristics of mucositis, including intestinal permeability, inflammation, immune and oxidative responses, and tissue repair mechanisms, can be easily investigated in these models. Given the effects of mucositis on the quality of life of patients with cancer, and the importance of experimental models in the development of more effective new therapeutic alternatives, this review discusses progress and current challenges in using experimental models of mucositis in translational pharmacology research.

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Culex quinquefasciatus is a mosquito species with an anthropophilic habit, often associated with areas with poor sanitation in tropical and urban regions. Adult males and females feed on sugars but only females feed on blood in natural conditions for egg maturation. During haematophagy, female C. quinquefasciatus transmit pathogens such as the West Nile virus, Oropouche virus, various encephalitis viruses, and Wuchereria bancrofti to human hosts. It has been observed in laboratory conditions that male C. quinquefasciatus may feed on blood during an artificial feed. Experiments were carried out to understand how males and females of this species deal with human complement activation. Our results showed that female C. quinquefasciatus, but not males, withstand the stress caused by the ingestion of normal human serum. It was observed that the salivary gland extracts from female mosquitoes were able to inhibit the classical and lectin pathways, whereas male salivary gland extracts only inhibited the lectin pathway. The male and female intestinal contents inhibited the classical and lectin pathways. Neither the salivary glands nor the intestinal contents from males and females showed inhibitory activity towards the alternative pathway. However, the guts of male and female C. quinquefasciatus captured factor H from the human serum, permitting C3b inactivation to its inactive form iC3b, and preventing the formation of the C3 convertase. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase is similar in C. quinquefasciatus females and males. This article shows for the first time that males from a haematophagous arthropod species present human anti-complement activity in their salivary gland extracts and gut contents. The finding of an activity that helps to protect the damage caused by blood ingestion in sugar-feeding male mosquitoes suggests that this may be a pre-adaptation to blood-feeding.

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In late 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initiated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The major clinical symptoms described for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include respiratory distress and pneumonia in severe cases, and some patients may experience gastrointestinal impairments. In accordance, viral RNA or live infectious virus have been detected in feces of patients with COVID-19. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a vital pathway for the virus entry into human cells, including those of the respiratory mucosa, esophageal epithelium as well as the absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor may decrease the receptor expression and disrupt the function of B0AT1 transporter influencing the diarrhea observed in COVID-19 patients. In this context, a fecal-oral transmission route has been considered and points out a role for the digestive tract in disease transmission and severity. Here, in order to further understand the impact of COVID-19 in human physiology, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are discussed in the context of gastrointestinal disturbances.

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BACKGROUND: As a result of evolution, the biology of triatomines must have been significantly adapted to accommodate trypanosome infection in a complex network of vector-vertebrate-parasite interactions. Arthropod-borne parasites have probably developed mechanisms, largely still unknown, to exploit the vector-vertebrate host interactions to ensure their transmission to suitable hosts. Triatomines exhibit a strong negative phototaxis and nocturnal activity, believed to be important for insect survival against its predators. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study we quantified phototaxis and locomotion in starved fifth instar nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or Trypanosoma rangeli. T. cruzi infection did not alter insect phototaxis, but induced an overall 20% decrease in the number of bug locomotory events. Furthermore, the significant differences induced by this parasite were concentrated at the beginning of the scotophase. Conversely, T. rangeli modified both behaviors, as it significantly decreased bug negative phototaxis, while it induced a 23% increase in the number of locomotory events in infected bugs. In this case, the significant effects were observed during the photophase. We also investigated the expression of Rpfor, the triatomine ortholog of the foraging gene known to modulate locomotion in other insects, and found a 4.8 fold increase for T. rangeli infected insects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated for the first time that trypanosome infection modulates the locomotory activity of the invertebrate host. T. rangeli infection seems to be more broadly effective, as besides affecting the intensity of locomotion this parasite also diminished negative phototaxis and the expression of a behavior-associated gene in the triatomine vector.

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Este estudio realizado en las comunidades de la zona 8, del municipio de Soyapango,busca describir la participación comunitaria en salud existente en las comunidades, es unestudio cualitativo, para la obtención de resultados se utilizaron procesos interactivos,dirigidos a estudiar la opinión de personas lideres organizados y no organizados con lafinalidad de describir a profundidad cuales son los elementos que les motiva y los que leslimitan a organizarse y participar. Constituyendo junto a la comunidad las fuentes primas ycomo fuentes secundarias, la revisión documental. La recopilación de datos se realizómediante: entrevistas semiestructuradas, sesiones de grupo focal, observación duranterecorrido comunitario y revisión documental. Participaron en el estudio 12 comunidadesdonde permitieron el acceso. Los resultados que se obtuvieron son que la mayoría de lascomunidades poseen problemas y necesidades en salud que justifican estar organizados yabordar los problemas de forma participativa. Además de ello se identificó que la figuraprincipal de estructura organizativa son las directivas y una pequeña parte de comunidadesrepresentadas por comités de salud. Por lo que es importante destacar que la figura dedirectiva es clave y deben ser capacitadas para responder a las necesidades en salud. Enbase a esto, era importante evaluar el rol del agente institucional como organizador ypromotor de los procesos de salud en la comunidad. Obteniéndose que hay poca constanciapor parte de los agentes de las instituciones y poca instrucción para que fomenten laparticipación en las comunidades...

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Neste artigo buscou-se identificar e compreender o lugar dos avós na configuração familiar de netos adolescentes. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Aplicou-se um questionário misto, em 87 adolescentes, em suas próprias escolas. Procedeu-se a análise estatística dos dados por meio do Teste (T) Não-Paramétrico. Esse estudo confirmou a ideia de que há uma maior influência por parte da mãe da mãe sob seus netos jovens, apenas quando estes residem com seus avós.(AU)

In this article we sought to identify and understand the place of grandparents with grandchildren in the family configuration of grandchildren teens. We used the quantitative, exploratory and descriptive method. We applied a mixed questionnaire in 87 adolescents in their own schools. We carried out the statistical analysis of data through the Test (T) Non-parametric. This study confirmed the idea that there is a greater influence by the mother of the young mother in her grandchildren, only when they live with their grandparents(AU)

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Neste artigo buscou-se identificar e compreender o lugar dos avós na configuração familiar de netos adolescentes. Utilizou-se o método quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Aplicou-se um questionário misto, em 87 adolescentes, em suas próprias escolas. Procedeu-se a análise estatística dos dados por meio do Teste (T) Não-Paramétrico. Esse estudo confirmou a ideia de que há uma maior influência por parte da mãe da mãe sob seus netos jovens, apenas quando estes residem com seus avós...

In this article we sought to identify and understand the place of grandparents with grandchildren in the family configuration of grandchildren teens. We used the quantitative, exploratory and descriptive method. We applied a mixed questionnaire in 87 adolescents in their own schools. We carried out the statistical analysis of data through the Test (T) Non-parametric. This study confirmed the idea that there is a greater influence by the mother of the young mother in her grandchildren, only when they live with their grandparents...

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El presente estudio de investigacion se realizo en el mes de Junio de 1988 en el centro de salud No.6 con el fin de fomentar la salud fisica y mental en las mujeres en edad reproductiva, a partir de la elaboracion y aplicacion de unprograma de educacion en enfermeria acerca de la prevencion, deteccion precoz y tratamiento oportuno del cancer de seno. Las conclusiones dejan ver claramente la necesidades de realizar actividades de prevencion primaria acerca del cancer de seno con el fin de promover la participacion activa de las mujeres en la prevencion, deteccion precoz y tratamiento oportuno de esta enfermedad; debido a que en su mayoria dichas mujeres tienen deficit de conocimientos que no les permite consultar a tiempo en caso de la aparicion de signos y sintomas y asi mismo lograr una mejor calidad de vida y supervivencia..

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