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Numerous reports describe the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of polyphenols-rich plant extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the total polyphenols content (TPC), and the in vitro (DPPH, FRAP and TEAC) antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves and wood of six native woody species (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanct, Sarcomphalus mistol, Geoffroea decorticans, Prosopis chilensis, Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia) from Catamarca. Also, the phenolic profile was determined in the species with higher activity. L. cuneifolia leaf extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity followed by L. divaricata and S. mistol, while S. mistol wood extracts showed the highest. Furthermore, Larrea species showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis strains showing cidal effects mainly against S. aureus. Fifty-nine polyphenols were identified in leaves and wood of Larrea and S. mistol species, which are likely to be responsible for the different activities observed.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Madeira , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Argentina , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
SUMMARY: The rabbit is considered an ideal animal model for studies that describe abnormalities in the testicles due to the similar morphogenetic mechanisms of sexual development and diseases commonly found in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the male sexual differentiation of the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) through development. The gestational age was estimated and classified as 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 28 gestational days. The morphological and sexual determination were performed by histological analysis of the reproductive tract in the embryos and fetuses (9-28 days) as well as by immunohistochemistry- Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (testis-specific protein on Y chromosome- 16, 20, 23 days and adult rabbits). Gonads were observed from the 14th day in an undifferentiated stage and with homogeneous aspect. Sexual differentiation was observed from the 16th day with presence of cells forming gonadal cords and Dhh+ cells in the gonadal parenchyma. From the 18th gestational day testicular cords were observed, which evolved into organized seminiferous tubules. The formation of the efferent ducts and ductus deferens and epididymis was observed on the 20th and 23rd days, respectively. The differentiation of the external genitalia occurred from the 23rd days from the anogenital distance and was identified to identify the penile structures. In summary, the features of the sexual differentiation were determined by observation of the Dhh+ protein in embryos from the 16th day to adulthood, and the morphological particularities observed from the 18th gestational day, determined by differentiation of the external genitalia from the 23rd day.
RESUMEN: El conejo se considera un modelo animal ideal para estudios que describen anomalías a nivel testícular debido a que presenta mecanismos morfogenéticos similares al desa- rrollo sexual y enfermedades que se encuentran comúnmente en los seres humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diferenciación sexual masculina del conejo de Nueva Zelanda (Oryctolagus cuniculus) a través del desarrollo. La edad gestacional se estimó y clasificó en 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 y 28 días gestacionales. La determinación morfológica y sexual se realizó mediante análisis histológico del tracto reproductivo en los embriones y fetos (9 - 28 días) así como mediante inmunohistoquímica -Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (proteína testicular específica en el cromosoma Y- 16, 20, 23 días y conejos adultos). Las gónadas se observaron a partir del día 14 en un estadio indiferenciado y con aspecto homogéneo. Se observó diferenciación sexual a partir del día 16 con presencia de células formadoras de cordones gonadales y células Dhh+ en el parénquima gonadal. A partir del día 18 de gestación se observaron cordones testiculares, que evolucionaron a túbulos seminíferos organizados. La formación de los conductos eferentes, deferentes y del epidídimo se observó a los 20 y 23 días, respectivamente. La diferenciación de los genitales externos ocurrió a partir del día 23 desde la distancia anogenital y se utilizó para identificar las estructuras del pene. En conclusión, las características de la diferenciación sexual se determinaron mediante la observación de la proteína Dhh en embriones desde el día 16 hasta la edad adulta, y las particularidades morfológicas observadas a partir del día 18 de gestación, determinadas por diferenciación de los genitales externos a partir del día 23.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Diferenciação Celular , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gônadas/embriologia , Túbulos Seminíferos , Diferenciação Sexual , Imuno-HistoquímicaRESUMO
Kidney diseases are the most common illness for cats with a prevalence seven times higher than in dogs. Metanephros is the last of three renal systems to be formed during the embryonic period, which then becomes the permanent kidney. The current work aimed to analyse the morphology and to quantify the structures present in the development of metanephros from domestic cat (Felis catus) embryos and foetuses. For this purpose, the evaluation of the biometric parameters of metanephros from cat embryos and foetuses was performed in addition to the quantification of renal corpuscles and volume of cortical and medullary layers by stereological analysis. The evaluated biometric parameters were weight, width, height, thickness and volume. The values of the measured biometric parameters increased throughout the gestational stages. The quantity of renal corpuscles gradually increased following the embryo-foetal development, mainly during the middle of the gestational stage. It was during this phase that morphologically, a complete corticomedullary division was observed. Although the difference in the quantity of renal corpuscles between the middle and the end of the gestational stages was not statistically significant, there was an increase in the volume of the medullary layer and a decrease in the volume of the cortical layer between these two stages. These findings suggest that the metanephros presents a progressive growth with the renal corpuscles following this development until the middle of the gestational stage. Starting from this phase, the differentiation of the corticomedullary layers can be seen with a significant increase in the medullary layer.
Assuntos
Feto , Néfrons , Animais , Gatos , Diferenciação Celular , Cães , RimRESUMO
Instrumentos de avaliação clínica foram criados a partir de experiências prévias de cuidados para outras condições crônicas complexas da infância, de modo a planejar e sistematizar ações. Contudo, é importante que tais instrumentos tenham validação externa e contemplem o atual conceito de saúde biopsicossocial. Uma interlocução com a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) poderia dar subsídio teórico e validação aos instrumentos criados. Objetivo: Identificar o conteúdo comum da CIF com o instrumento de avaliação clínica aplicado em população exposta ao vírus Zika em um ambulatório de doenças infecciosas em pediatria de um hospital de referência no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: A Ligação com a CIF foi realizada por dois revisores independentes, segundo a proposta de Cieza e colaboradores. O coeficiente Kappa foi utilizado para análise da concordância interobservadores. Resultados: O instrumento de avaliação clínica utilizado no ambulatório de referência é composto principalmente por categorias da CIF de estruturas do corpo (46,4%). Observou-se poucas categorias relacionadas aos fatores contextuais (13,1%). E, não foram encontrados itens relacionados às categorias de atividade e participação. Conclusão: A ferramenta de avaliação apresenta principalmente informações sobre as funções e estruturas do corpo, voltando-se a um olhar puramente restrito as funções fisiológicas e as estruturas anatômicas. A inexistência de categorias de atividade e participação pode comprometer a percepção das experiências vividas pelas crianças que foram expostas ao vírus Zika
The Zika epidemic and the emergence of a new health condition in Brazil, imposed a rapid organization on services to meet the current demand for care. Clinical assessment instruments were created, based on previous care experiences for other complex chronic conditions in order to plan and systematize actions. However, it is important that these instruments have external validation and include the current concept of health, biopsychosocial. An interlocution with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (CIF) could provide theoretical support and validation to the instruments created. Objective: To identify the common content among the clinical evaluation instrument applied to the population exposed to the Zika virus in a pediatric infectious disease outpatient clinic in a reference hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro with the ICF. Methods: The link with the ICF was carried out by two independent reviewers, according to Cieza's proposal and the Kappa coefficient was used for interobserver analysis. Results: It was identified that the instrument is mainly composed of items of body structure (39; 46.4%). There were few categories related to contextual factors (11; 13.1%). And there were no items related to the categories of activity and participation. Conclusion: The assessment tool presents mainly domains of function and structure of the body, turning to a biomedical look. The lack of categories of activity and participation can compromise the perception of health status. A line of care in the light of the biopsychosocial model provides advantages for health services planning and actions
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tumours in mammary glands represent the most common neoplasia in bitches, as in humans. This high incidence results in part from the stimulation of sex hormones on these glands. Among mammary tumours, inflammatory carcinoma is the most aggressive, presenting a poor prognosis to surgical treatment and chemotherapy. One of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer treatment is doxorubicin (DOXO). Alternative therapies have been introduced in order to assist in these treatments; studies on treatments using stem cells have emerged, since they have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of DOXO and canine amniotic membrane stem cells (AMCs) on the triple-negative canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma cell line IPC-366. METHODS: Four experimental groups were analysed: a control group without treatment; Group I with DOXO, Group II with AMC and Group III with an association of DOXO and AMCs. We performed the MTT assay with DOXO in order to select the best concentration for the experiments. The growth curve was performed with all groups (I-III) in order to verify the potential of treatments to reduce the growth of IPC-366. For the cell cycle, all groups (I-III) were tested using propidium iodide. While in the flow cytometry, antibodies to progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), PCNA, VEGF, IL-10 and TGF-ß1 were used. For steroidogenic pathway hormones, an ELISA assay was performed. RESULTS: The results showed that cells treated with 10 µg/mL DOXO showed a 71.64% reduction in cellular growth after 72 h of treatment. Reductions in the expression of VEGF and PCNA-3 were observed by flow cytometry in all treatments when compared to the control. The intracellular levels of ERs were also significantly increased in Group III (4.67% vs. 27.1%). Regarding to the levels of steroid hormones, significant increases in the levels of estradiol (E2) and estrone sulphate (S04E1) were observed in Groups I and III. On the other hand, Group II did not show differences in steroid hormone levels in relation to the control. We conclude that the association of DOXO with AMCs (Group III) promoted a reduction in cell growth and in the expression of proteins related to proliferation and angiogenesis in IPC-366 triple-negative cells. CONCLUSIONS: This treatment promoted ER positive expression, suggesting that the accumulated oestrogen conducted these cells to a synergistic state, rendering these tumour cells responsive to ERs and susceptible to new hormonal cancer therapies.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Âmnio , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultura , Cães , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Neoplasias Inflamatórias Mamárias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Inflamatórias Mamárias/veterinária , Receptores de Estrogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common tumor in the salivary glands, often presenting with recurrence and metastasis due to its high invasive capacity. Metallothionein (MT), a zinc storage protein that supplies this element for protease activity, is probably related to mucoepidermoid carcinoma behavior. This prompted us to characterize a cell line derived from mucoepidermoid carcinoma and to correlate metallothionein expression with transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Transcriptomic analysis and cytogenetic assays were performed to detect the expression of genes of interest and cellular chromosomal alterations, respectively. MEC cells with a depleted metallothionein 2A (MT2A) gene were subjected to Western blot to correlate metallothionein expression with growth factors and MMPs. Additionally, cells with depleted MT were subjected to migration and invasion assays. The transcriptomic study revealed reads mapped to cytokeratins 19 and AE1/AE3, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibronectin. Cytogenetic evaluation demonstrated structural and numerical alterations, including the translocation t(11;19)(q21;p13), characteristic of MEC. Metallothionein depletion was correlated with the decreased expression of TGF-α and MMP-9, while TNF-α protein levels were augmented. Migration and invasion activity were diminished after metallothionein silencing. Our findings suggest an important role of MT in MEC invasion, through the regulation of proteins involved in this process.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/genética , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/genética , Metalotioneína/genética , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Placenta is formed by a parenchyma rich in extracellular matrix (ECM), and this structure guarantees the proper development of the embryo and placental functioning. Recently, studies have focused on the characterization of ECM in the placenta and foetal membranes of different species. This work aimed to analyse the composition of the ECM and to quantify the types of collagens in its composition. For this, 33 chorioallantoic membranes were used at different gestational ages, which were grouped into five groups. Subsequently, haematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome and picrosirius were performed for histological analysis. Through the technique of polarized light, it was possible to quantify the total collagen present in the membranes and finally the immunohistochemical technique was performed to verify the presence of collagens and glycoproteins. It was possible to verify that the chorioallantoic membranes have, in all the gestational periods of the initial third of gestation, the same histological structures, being the most significant difference the membrane thickening that occurs gradually during the gestation. However, we notice the appearance of binucleate cells only from group II. In addition, it was verified that a gradual increase of collagen occurs until the group IV, yet from the group V begins to occur a decrease of this protein. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin and laminin were present in all membranes. With this, we concluded that the buffalo chorioallantoic membrane presents ECM in constant remodelling at the beginning of gestation and can be used as biomaterial in works on regenerative biology.
Assuntos
Búfalos/fisiologia , Membrana Corioalantoide , Colágeno/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/fisiologia , Animais , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several genetic and epigenetic alterations are related to the development and progression of Gastric Cancer (GC), one of those being the deregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of thousands of genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our group identified, in previous studies, some miRNAs that are differentially expressed in GC when compared to the gastric mucosa without cancer, including hsa-miR-29c and hsa-miR-135b. The aim of the study was to modulate the expression of the miRNAs hsa-miR-29c-5p and hsa-miR-135b-5p and evaluate the expression of their target genes in 2D and 3D cell cultures. METHODS: hsa-miR-29c-5p and hsa-miR-135b-5p expression profiles were modulated by transfecting mimics and antimiRs, respectively, in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The expression of the proteins coded by the genes CDC42, DNMT3A (target genes of hsa-miR-29c-5p) and APC (target gene of hsa-miR-135b-5p) were measured by Western Blot. RESULTS: Results showed that mimics and antimiRs transfection significantly altered the expression of both miRNAs, increasing the expression of hsa-miR-29c-5p and reducing the expression of hsa-miR-135b-5p, especially in the 3D culture of the cell lines. When analyzing the proteins expression, we observed that AGP01 and AGP03 cell lines transfected with mimics had a reduction in the levels of CDC42 and DNMT3A and all three cell lines transfected with antimiRs had an increase in the expression of the protein APC. CONCLUSION: We concluded that three-dimensional culture can be a more representative in vitro model that resembles better the in vivo reality. Our results also showed that hsa-miR-29c-5p is an important regulator of CDC42 and DNMT3A genes in the intestinal subtype gastric cancer and hsa-miR-135b-5p regulates the APC gene in both intestinal and diffuse subtypes of GC. Dysregulation in their expression, and consequently in their respectively signaling pathways, shows how these miRNAs can influence the carcinogenesis of different histological subtypes of gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes APC , MicroRNAs/genética , Interferência de RNA , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , TranscriptomaRESUMO
The traditional classification of avian Haemosporida is based mainly on morphology and life history traits. Recently, molecular hypotheses have challenged the traditional classification, leading to contradictory opinions on whether morphology is phylogenetically informative. However, the morphology has never been used to reconstruct the relationships within the group. We inferred the phylogeny of avian Haemosporida from 133 morphological characters present in blood stages. We included all species with at least one mitochondrial gene characterized (nâ¯=â¯93). The morphological hypothesis was compared with the one retrieved from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) nucleotide sequences and a hypothesis that used a combination of morphological and molecular data (i.e., total evidence). In order to recover the evolutionary history and identify phylogenetically and taxonomically informative characters, they were mapped on the total evidence phylogeny. The morphological hypothesis presented more polytomies than the other two, especially within Haemoproteus. In the molecular hypothesis, the two Haemoproteus subgenera are paraphyletic, and some relationships within Parahaemoproteus were resolved. By combining the morphological and molecular data, we were able to resolve the majority of polytomies and posterior probabilities increased. We identified a unique combination of morphological traits, clearly differentiating avian Haemosporida genera, sub-genera of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus, and some Plasmodium sub-genera. Plasmodium had the highest number of synapomorphies. Furthermore, 86% of the species presented a unique combination of taxonomically informative characters. A limiting factor was the mismatch of traits characterized in species descriptions, leading to a morphological matrix with a considerable amount of missing data, particularly for the stages of early young and young gametocytes (67% of all missing data). Characters lacking information for the majority of species included the colour of pigment granules, the cytoplasm appearance, and the presence and dimensions of vacuoles. According to our results, the combination of morphology and mtDNA proved to be a robust alternative to reconstruct the relationships among avian Haemosporida, obtaining a resolution and support similar to that obtained using full mitochondrial genome sequences for over 100 lineages.
Assuntos
Aves/parasitologia , Haemosporida/genética , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial , FilogeniaRESUMO
Rodents are important in the transmission of infectious diseases that affect the respiratory tract, including simple infections and those caused by specific pathogens. These animals are natural reservoirs of zoonoses that cause many public health diseases. Basic knowledge on the morphology of these animals is important as basic research is useful for applied studies, such as the development of clinical, therapeutic, surgical and clinical models. Morphological data of respiratory tract in Oligoryzomys nigripes are absent in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a morphological analysis of the respiratory tract of O. nigripes. Five adult females from the environmental reserve in São Joaquim da Barra, São Paulo were used, donated to the Museum of Veterinary Anatomy (FMVZ/USP). Several morphological features follow the same pattern seen in rodents; however, this species showed some differences such as the presence of three lobar bronchi, nonlobed left lung and the right lung constituted by two lobes. Respiratory epithelium lined the whole respiratory tract and was seen using scanning electron microscopy the oval shape of the parenchyma and alveoli.
Assuntos
Sistema Respiratório/anatomia & histologia , Sigmodontinae/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Biometria , Feminino , Laringe/anatomia & histologia , Pulmão/anatomia & histologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Nariz/anatomia & histologia , Sistema Respiratório/ultraestrutura , Traqueia/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to know the embryonic and fetal development of the female rabbit genital system (Oryctolagus cuniculus), describing its main phases and the moment of sexual differentiation. Eleven pregnant New Zealand female rabbits were used in different gestational phases. The day of coitus was determined as day 0. For each stage a minimum of two animals was considered. The samples were obtained every two days from the ninth day post-coitus (dpc) until the 28th dpc. The gestational period was divided in two: animals with undifferentiated sex (group 1) and animals with differentiated sex (group 2). The ages of embryos and fetuses were estimated through the crown-rump method. Subsequently, embryos and fetuses were dissected, fixed and processed to be embedded in paraffin (Histosec). The histological analysis was performed on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical analysis to determine sexual differentiation was performed on samples from the 16th, 18th and 28th dpc. Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) primary antibodies, respectively, were used to identify cells of the male and female germinal epithelium. The immunohistochemical results showed that at the 16th dpc, female sexual differentiation was evident, since positive expression of the Ihh protein was observed. Sexual differentiation was obtained through histological analysis on the 18th dpc and through anatomical observation of the external genitalia on the 24th dpc. Knowing the characteristics of the embryonic and fetal development of the female rabbit genital system as well as the moment of sexual differentiation make it possible to establish bases for future research that address the physiology and pathology of these organs. Thus, any alteration in the chain of events of sexual determination and differentiation must search for an explanation from the knowledge of the possible normal mechanisms affected.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el desarrollo embrionario y fetal del sistema genital femenino de conejo (Oryctolagus cuniculus), describiendo sus principales fases y el momento de la diferenciación sexual. Se utilizaron 11 conejos hembras gestantes neozelandesas, en diferentes fases gestacionales. El día del coito se determinó como día 0. Para cada etapa fue considerado un mínimos de dos animales. Las muestras fueron obtenidas cada dos días, a partir del noveno día post-coito (dpc) hasta el 28 dpc. El periodo gestacional fue dividido en dos: animales con sexo indiferenciado (grupo 1) y, animales con sexo diferenciado (grupo 2). Las edades de los embriones y los fetos fueron estimadas a través del método de crown-rump. Posteriormente, embriones y fetos fueron disecados, fijados y procesados para su inclusión en parafina (Histosec). El análisis histológico se realizó en secciones teñidas con Hematoxilina y Eosina. El análisis inmunohistoquímico para determinar la diferenciación sexual fue realizado en muestras de 16, 18 y 28 dpc. Para identificar células del epitelio germinativo masculino y feminino se utilizaron los anticuerpos primarios Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) e Indian Hedgehog (Ihh), respectivamente. Los resultados inmunohistoquímicos mostraron que a los 16 dpc se evidenció diferenciación sexual femenina, ya que se observó expresión positiva de la proteína Ihh. La diferenciación sexual, a través del análisis histológico fue obtenida a los 18 dpc y a través de la observación anatómica de los genitales externos a los 24 dpc. Conocer las características del desarrollo embrionario y fetal del sistema genital femenino de conejo, así como, el momento de la diferenciación sexual, permiten sentar bases para futuras investigaciones que aborden la fisiología y patología de estos órganos. Así, cualquier alteración en la cadena de eventos de la determinación y diferenciación sexual deberá buscar una explicación a partir del conocimiento de los posibles mecanismos normales afectados.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Coelhos/embriologia , Diferenciação Sexual/fisiologia , Embrião de Mamíferos/anatomia & histologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/fisiologia , Imuno-HistoquímicaRESUMO
Para obter evidências de validade e fidedignidade, a Escala de Atitudes em Relação à Leitura (ERAS-Br) foi aplicada em 335 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental. Identificou-se que estruturas muldimensionais com dois (Leitura Acadêmica e Leitura Recreativa) ou três (Leitura Recreativa, Leitura Acadêmica Geral e Leitura Acadêmica Avaliação) fatores e um fator de segunda ordem são adequadas para a ERAS-Br. Tanto a medida como um todo quanto seus fatores apresentaram consistência interna satisfatória. Um procedimento de teste-reteste com um intervalo de dois anos e parte da amostra obteve coeficientes de estabilidade suficientes ou bons. De modo geral, as atitudes em relação à leitura tenderam a ser ligeiramente positivas, mas declinaram no intervalo de dois anos. Embora a ERAS-Br possua boas evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna e fidedignidade, o fato de as atitudes em relação à leitura se tornarem menos positivas ao longo dos anos é preocupante. Pesquisas adicionais são recomendadas.(AU)
To obtain evidence of validity and reliability, the Brazilian version of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS-Br) was applied to 335 elementary school students. It was identified that multidimensional structures with two (Academic Reading and Recreational Reading) or three (Recreational Reading, General Academic Reading and Academic Reading Assessment) factors and one factor of second order are suitable to the ERAS-Br. Both the measure as a whole and the factors showed a satisfactory internal consistency. A test-retest procedure with an interval of 2 years and part of the sample obtained sufficient or good stability coefficients. Overall, the attitudes toward reading tended to be slightly positive, but declined in the 2-year interval. Although the ERAS-Br has good validity evidence based on the internal structure and reliability, the fact that the attitudes toward Reading become less positive over the years is worrying. Further studies are recommended.(AU)
Para obtener evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, la Escala de Actitudes con relación a la Lectura (ERAS-Br) fue aplicada a 335 estudiantes de Enseñanza Primaria. Se identificó que estructuras multidimensionales con dos factores (Lectura Académica y Lectura Recreativa) o tres factores (Lectura Recreativa, Lectura Académica General y Lectura Académica de Evaluación) y com un factor de segundo orden, son adecuados para la ERAS-Br. Tanto la medida en su conjunto como sus factores presentaron consistencia interna satisfactoria. Un procedimiento de test-retest con un intervalo de dos años y parte de la muestra obtuvieron coeficientes de estabilidad suficientes o buenos. En general, las actitudes en relación a la lectura tendieron a ser ligeiramente positivas, pero declinaron en el intervalo de dos años. Aunque la ERAS-Br presenta buenas evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna y confiabilidad, es preocupante el hecho de que las actitudes hacia la lectura se tornaron menos positivas a lo largo de los años. Se recomiendan investigaciones adicionales.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Atitude , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Leitura , Estudantes , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stem cells are capable of unlimited self-renewal and are able to remain undifferentiated for extended periods of time prior to their differentiation into specific cell lineages. Because of the issues (ethical and religious) involved in the use of embryonic stem cells and the limited plasticity of adult stem cells, an alternative cell source could be foetal stem cells derived from extra-embryonic tissue, which are highly proliferative, grow in vitro and possess interesting immunogenic characteristics. As a result, the amniotic membrane of several species has been studied as an important new source of stem cells. METHODS: Here, we cultured and characterized mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from the rabbit amniotic membrane, and investigated their differentiation potential. In total, amniotic membranes were collected from eight rabbit foetuses and were isolated by the explant technique. The obtained cells were cultured in DMEM-HIGH glucose and incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. RESULTS: The cells adhered to the culture plates and showed a high proliferative capacity with fibroblast-like morphologies. The cells showed a positive response for markers for the cytoskeleton, mesenchymal stem cells and proliferation, pluripotency and haematopoietic precursor stem cells. However, the cells were negative for CD45, a marker of haematopoietic cells. Furthermore, the cells had the capacity to be induced to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. In addition, when the cells were injected into nude mice, we did not observe the formation of tumours. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our results demonstrate that multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from the rabbit amniotic membrane for possible use in future cell therapy applications.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/citologia , Âmnio/citologia , Condrócitos/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Multipotentes/citologia , Osteoblastos/citologia , Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Âmnio/efeitos dos fármacos , Âmnio/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Humanos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Células-Tronco Multipotentes/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Multipotentes/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Cultura Primária de Células , CoelhosRESUMO
A decrease in the rate of acquired antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance (ADR) over time has been documented in high-income settings, but data on the determinants of this phenomenon are lacking. We tested the hypothesis that in heavily ARV-experienced patients in the Mexican ARV therapy (ART) roll-out program, the drop in ADR would be associated with changes in ARV drug usage. Genotypic resistance tests obtained from 974 HIV-infected patients with virological failure and at least 2 previously failed ARV regimens from throughout the country were analyzed for the presence of nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Patients were divided into two groups according to their first ART start date: 488 patients initiated ART before mid-2003 (group 1) and 486 after mid-2003 (group 2). The rate of RAMs, median resistance score of several sentinel ARVs, and composition of ART drugs in patient's entire treatment history were compared between both groups. Patients in group 2 were less likely to have >3 thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs) and >3 PI-mRAMs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.25-0.54; p < .001 and aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.36-0.77; p = .001, respectively] and had a significantly lower resistance score for zidovudine, tenofovir, ritonavir-boosted (r)-lopinavir, r-atazanavir, and r-darunavir than group 1 patients. A significantly lower proportion of patients in group 2 used monotherapy, bitherapy, thymidine analogue-containing regimens, nonboosted PI-containing regimens, and low resistance barrier PI-containing regimens. In Mexican ARV-experienced patients, the occurrence of TAM and PI-mRAM has significantly declined over time. This can be explained by treatment optimization in the national ART roll-out program in recent years.
Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/métodos , Farmacorresistência Viral , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/farmacologia , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hearing loss caused by the damage of cochlea sensory cells or neurons is a common human disease, but also affects dogs and other animals. To test their progenitor nature as potential value for future therapies, we characterized cells derived from the cochlear epithelium in dog fetuses. In total, 8 fetuses of 35-40 days of gestation, derived from castration campaigns, were investigated. Cells were analysed by the MTT colorimetric assay and in regard to cell cycle, differentiation capacities, immunophenotypes and qPCR analysis. In culture, cells had a fibroblast-like morphology. Phenotypic immunocharacterization showed positive staining for mesenchymal stem cell and pluripotency markers and were negative for hematopoietic cell markers. Cells possessed differentiation capacity for the three main cell lineages: osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic, altogether indicating their nature as mesenchymal stem cells. Thus, cells derived from fetal cochlear tissues indeed may provide valuable sources of progenitor cells for cell therapy of canine deafness and other diseases.
RESUMO
Struma ovarii is a rare monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma that contains at least 50% thyroid tissue. Less than 8% of struma ovarii cases present with clinical and biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis due to ectopic production of thyroid hormone and only 5% undergo malignant transformation into a papillary thyroid carcinoma. Only isolated cases of hormonally active papillary thyroid carcinoma developing within a struma ovarii have been reported in the literature. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism as well as a left adnexal mass, which proved to be a thyroid hormone-producing, malignant struma ovarii.
RESUMO
The association between fibrous dysplasia (FD) and fractures is very rare. This paper reports the case of a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture in a bone affected by FD, a 29-year-old man who was involved in a bicycle accident and who subsequently presented with a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. Computed tomography revealed multiple fractures of the left zygomaticomaxillary complex with dysplastic bone alterations. Fracture lines occurred near transitional areas between the lesion and healthy bone. The patient was treated through an intraoral approach by an open reduction and internal fixation procedure, using a titanium miniplate and screws. An incisional biopsy was performed through the maxillary sinus to confirm the diagnosis of FD. After 12 months of follow-up, there were no postoperative complications. This paper reports a rare association thought to be caused by irregular trabecular bone deposition, which increases bone thickness/resiliency and thus increases its clinical fracture resistance.
Assuntos
Displasia Fibrosa Monostótica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagem , Zigoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Zigomáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adulto , Ciclismo/lesões , Placas Ósseas , Parafusos Ósseos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Seguimentos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Achados Incidentais , MasculinoRESUMO
Um desempenho notável em leitura é um talento de per se e representa, também, uma chave para o desenvolvimento de outros talentos, especialmente o acadêmico. Contudo, pouco tem sido produzido sobre o leitor talentoso, especialmente no Brasil. Com o objetivo de analisar a produção científica de artigos sobre o leitor talentoso, que foram indexados por bases de dados das áreas de Educação e Psicologia, recuperam‑se publicações catalogadas pela ERIC e PsycINFO. Recuperam‑se 30 artigos. Constatou‑se que a produção científica sobre leitores talentosos é diminuta, distribui‑se de forma rarefeita ao longo do tempo, é publicada tanto de forma individual quanto coletiva - na forma de revisão de literatura ou ensaio teórico -, encontra‑se pulverizada entre vários autores e periódicos e tende a ter como tema principal o atendimento das necessidades educacionais dos leitores talentosos. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de produzir mais e melhores pesquisas que tenham como tema o talento para leitura.
A remarkable performance in reading skill in itself is a key to the development of other talents, especially academic achievement. However, little has been produced about the talented reader, especially in Brazil. To analyze the scientific production of articles about the talented reader that have been indexed by the databases of the areas of Education and Psychology, publications cataloged by ERIC and PsycINFO were recovered. Thirty articles were recovered. It was noted that the scientific production on talented readers is low, distribution a rarefied over time, it is published both individually and collectively in the form of review of the literature or theoretical essays, it is spread between multiple authors and journals and tends to have as the main theme the meeting the educational needs of talented readers. The results highlight the need to produce more and better research with theme of talent for reading.
Un notable desempeño en la lectura es un talento en sí mismo y representa una clave para el desarrollo de otros talentos, especialmente lo académico. Sin embargo, poco se ha producido acerca del lector con talento, especialmente en Brasil. Con el objetivo de analizar la producción científica de artículos sobre lectores talentosos que ha sido indexada por las bases de datos de las áreas de Educación y Psicología, se recuperaron las publicaciones catalogadas en la ERIC y PsycINFO. Fueron obtenidos 30 artículos. Se constató que la literatura científica sobre los lectores de talento es pequeña, se distribuye escasamente a través del tiempo, se ha publicado tanto individual como colectivamente en forma de trabajos teóricos, se distribuye rociadamente entre los diversos autores y revistas, y tiende a tener como tema principal la asistencia de las necesidades educativas de los lectores dotados. Los resultados destacan la necesidad de producir más y mejor investigación que tiene como tema el talento para la lectura.
RESUMO
Para testar hipóteses que previam que a Escala de Características de Leitura, instrumento utilizado para nomeação de dotação e talento (D&T) em leitura por docentes, é unidimensional, apresenta correlações positivas elevadas, possui elevada consistência interna e se correlaciona positivamente, mas não fortemente, com leitura de palavras isoladas e compreensão de texto, alunos do Ensino Fundamental foram avaliados por meio deste instrumento, por seus professores (N = 19). Os 528 estudantes também tiveram seu desempenho em leitura de palavras isoladas avaliado por meio do Teste de Desempenho Escolar. O Teste de Cloze foi aplicado em pequenos grupos de alunos e mediu a compreensão de texto. As hipóteses, ainda que de forma limitada, foram corroboradas. As limitações do estudo, a relevância da identificação de D&T para leitura e, consequentemente, o imperativo de atender às necessidades educacionais especiais desses leitores também são consideradas neste artigo.
In order to test four hypothesis which predicted that: (i) the Escala de Características de Leitura a tool used for teachers nominations of reading giftedness and talent (G&T) is unidimensional, (ii) showhigh positive item-total correlations, (iii) has high reliability and (iv) is positively correlated, but not strongly, with reading single words and text comprehension, elementary school students were assessed with this measure by their teachers (N = 19). The 528 students also had their performance in reading single words measured by the Teste de Desempenho Escolar one-to-one. The Cloze Test was applied in small groups of students and measured the text comprehension. The four hypothesis, albeit limited, have been corroborated. The limitations of the current study, the relevance of the identification of reading G&T and, consequently, the imperative to meet the special educational needs of these readers are also considered in this paper.
Para testar hipótesis que preveían que la Escala de Características de Leitura, instrumento utilizado para nominación de dotación e talento (D&T) en lectura por docentes, es unidimensional, presenta correlaciones positivas elevadas, posee elevada consistencia interna y se correlaciona positivamente, pero no fuertemente, con lectura de palabras aisladas y comprensión de texto, alumnos de la enseñanza básica fueron evaluados por medio de este instrumento, por sus profesores (N = 19). Los 528 estudiantes también tuvieron su desempeño en lectura de palabras aisladas evaluado por el Teste de Desempenho Escolar. El Teste de Cloze fue aplicado en pequeños grupos de alumnos y midió la comprensión de texto. Las hipótesis, aunque de manera limitada, fueron corroboradas. Las limitaciones del estudio, la relevancia de la identificación de D&T para lectura y, consecuentemente, el imperativo de atender a las necesidades educacionales especiales de eses lectores también son consideradas en este artículo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Aptidão , Compreensão , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Docentes , LeituraRESUMO
Para testar hipóteses que previam que a Escala de Características de Leitura, instrumento utilizado para nomeação de dotação e talento (D&T) em leitura por docentes, é unidimensional, apresenta correlações positivas elevadas, possui elevada consistência interna e se correlaciona positivamente, mas não fortemente, com leitura de palavras isoladas e compreensão de texto, alunos do Ensino Fundamental foram avaliados por meio deste instrumento, por seus professores (N = 19). Os 528 estudantes também tiveram seu desempenho em leitura de palavras isoladas avaliado por meio do Teste de Desempenho Escolar. O Teste de Cloze foi aplicado em pequenos grupos de alunos e mediu a compreensão de texto. As hipóteses, ainda que de forma limitada, foram corroboradas. As limitações do estudo, a relevância da identificação de D&T para leitura e, consequentemente, o imperativo de atender às necessidades educacionais especiais desses leitores também são consideradas neste artigo.(AU)
In order to test four hypothesis which predicted that: (i) the Escala de Características de Leitura a tool used for teachers nominations of reading giftedness and talent (G&T) is unidimensional, (ii) showhigh positive item-total correlations, (iii) has high reliability and (iv) is positively correlated, but not strongly, with reading single words and text comprehension, elementary school students were assessed with this measure by their teachers (N = 19). The 528 students also had their performance in reading single words measured by the Teste de Desempenho Escolar one-to-one. The Cloze Test was applied in small groups of students and measured the text comprehension. The four hypothesis, albeit limited, have been corroborated. The limitations of the current study, the relevance of the identification of reading G&T and, consequently, the imperative to meet the special educational needs of these readers are also considered in this paper.(AU)
para testar hipótesis que preveían que la Escala de Características de Leitura, instrumento utilizado para nominación de dotación e talento (D&T) en lectura por docentes, es unidimensional, presenta correlaciones positivas elevadas, posee elevada consistencia interna y se correlaciona positivamente, pero no fuertemente, con lectura de palabras aisladas y comprensión de texto, alumnos de la enseñanza básica fueron evaluados por medio de este instrumento, por sus profesores (N = 19). Los 528 estudiantes también tuvieron su desempeño en lectura de palabras aisladas evaluado por el Teste de Desempenho Escolar. El Teste de Cloze fue aplicado en pequeños grupos de alumnos y midió la comprensión de texto. Las hipótesis, aunque de manera limitada, fueron corroboradas. Las limitaciones del estudio, la relevancia de la identificación de D&T para lectura y, consecuentemente, el imperativo de atender a las necesidades educacionales especiales de eses lectores también son consideradas en este artículo.(AU)