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Studies regarding the cat-owner bond are quite rare, and several aspects merit more research, including personality trait differences in cats related to coat color and the cat-owner relationship. The objectives of the study were to describe, from the perspective of their owners, the personality traits of cats based on their coat colors and to evaluate the relationships among the Cat Owner Relationship Scale (CORS), its subscales and the traits of cats. Therefore, the CORS was translated into Spanish, and its psychometric properties were assessed. For the personality traits of cats, participants answered a 7-point Likert scale indicating the extent to which they agreed with the following characteristics in describing their cats: active, aloof, bold, calm, friendly, intolerant, shy, stubborn, tolerant and trainable. 211 cat owners living in Mexico participated. Owners perceived their cats as being bold and friendly. Gray cats had the highest score for being as shy, aloof and intolerant, while orange cats had the highest scores for being trainable, friendly and calm. Tabbies the highest for bold and active, tricolor cats for stubborn, and bicolor cats for tolerant. The 3 CORS subscales had adequate psychometric properties when evaluated separately. Cat-owner interaction was positively correlated with an active and friendly personality and negatively correlated with aloofness. Emotional closeness was positively correlated with an active, bold and friendly personality, and perceived cost was negatively correlated with boldness.

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The study of human-animal interactions has increased, focusing on the dog-owner relationship, leaving a lag in research on the cat-owner relationship and practically a total absence of studies that compare the dog-owner relationship with the cat-owner relationship. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to make this comparison based on the perception of people living with both dogs and cats, considering interaction, emotional closeness, and perceived cost of the relationship. A total of 132 residents in Mexico participated. To evaluate the pet-human relationship, the dog and cat versions of the Monash dog owner relationship scale were used, thus obtaining comparable scores for the relationship with dogs and cats. Based on what the owners reported, significant differences were found. Relationships with cats were better than relationships with dogs, a finding that was confirmed when comparing male dogs and cats and when comparing female dogs and cats. It was concluded that relationships with cats are better because the perceived cost of such a relationship is lower. However, emotional closeness is greater with dogs than with cats.

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Resumen La actitud positiva hacia la estadística promueve el estudio y uso de esta disciplina fundamental para analizar datos; de ahí la relevancia de evaluar el nivel actitudinal y desarrollar estrategias que lo potencien. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Estadística (EAE-25) de Auzmendi es uno de los instrumentos más usados en español para medir esta actitud, pero no se ha validado en México, lo que es importante para su uso en este país y para aportar evidencias de validez. Los objetivos del estudio fueron contrastar el modelo propuesto originariamente, comprobar su consistencia interna, describir su distribución, comparar los promedios entre sexos y verificar su validez concurrente. Este estudio instrumental usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó una muestra de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos (73.6 % mujeres y 26.4 % hombres) que respondieron a dos escalas de actitud. El modelo de cinco factores (confianza, ansiedad, agrado, utilidad y motivación) mostró buen ajuste a los datos. Sus factores presentaron confiabilidad y validez discriminante. La distribución de las puntuaciones en EAE-25 fue normal. La actitud se polarizó, aproximadamente, en cuatro de cada diez estudiantes hacia la aceptación y en uno de cada diez hacia el rechazo. No hubo diferencias de medias entre sexos. La EAE-25 tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación y baja con la calificación en la materia de investigación del semestre anterior. Se concluye que la EAE-25 presenta consistencia interna y validez de constructo.

Abstract The positive attitude towards statistics promotes the study and use of this fundamental discipline to analyze data, hence the relevance of evaluating the attitudinal level and developing strategies that promote a positive attitude. The Auzmendi's Scale of Attitude towards Statistics (EAE-25) is one of the most used instruments in Spanish language to assess this attitude; however, it has not been validated in Mexico, which is important for its use in this country and to provide evidence of validity. The objectives of the study were to test the originally proposed model, to verify its reliability, to describe its distribution, to compare the averages between both sexes, and to verify its concurrent validity. A non-probabilistic sampling was used in this instrumental study. A sample of 383 Mexican psychology students was analyzed (73.6 % women and 26.4 % men). The EAE-25 and a scale assessing attitude towards research were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the Auzmendi's five-factor model. The parameter estimation was performed by unweighted least squares, using polychoric correlation matrix. The internal consistency was estimated by the McDonald's omega coefficient (ω), the convergent validity by the average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity by the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The mean differences between both sexes were tested through the t-test and concurrent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficients. The model of five correlated factors (confidence, anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, and motivation) showed good fit (χ./df =1.79, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, NFI = .97, CFI =.99, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .07). The five factors showed reliability (ω > .80 in confidence, anxiety, pleasure, and usefulness, and ω = .72 in motivation) and discriminant validity (HTMT < .85 in nine out of ten factor pairs, and < .90 in the pair of the anxiety and confidence factors). The values of AVE were higher than .50 in the factors of confidence, anxiety and pleasure, which shows convergent validity in these three factors. A value of AVE very close to .50 in utility (AVE = .49) was compensated by an omega coefficient of .82, which suggests an acceptable convergent validity. However, the value of AVE was lower than .50 in motivation (AVE = .34). The EAE-25 and its factors presented normal distribution, with the exception of the motivation factor. The scores in the scale and its factors were obtained through the quotient between the sum of the items scored in the sense of acceptance attitude and the number of items added. These scores were interpreted in an absolute sense, by dividing the continuum from 1 to 5 into five intervals in correspondence with the five ordered categories of response to the items: [1, 1.8) y [1.8, 2.6) rejection, [2.6, 3.4) neutral, and [3.4, 4.2) y [4.2, 5] acceptance. The average attitude was positive in confidence (. = 3.53) and utility (. = 3.52), and neutral in the EAE-25 total score and its other three factors. The EAE-25 total scores were polarized towards acceptance in approximately four out of ten students and towards the rejected in approximately one out of ten; in the rest, they were neutral. There were no differences of means between both sexes. The EAE-25 total score had a high correlation with the total score in the scale of attitude towards research (. = .52, . < .001) and low with the qualification in the research subject of the previous semester (. = .13, . < .001). It is concluded that EAE-25 presents internal consistency and construct validity. It is suggested to use this scale in applied research in the field of university education and upper secondary education.

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RESUMEN Introducción : El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción marital, medida por la Escala de Valoración de la Relación y el impacto percibido por el confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las personas en una muestra mexicana. Método : Se evaluó a 101 personas que viven en pareja, con edad promedio de 41.2 años (DE = 10.7), 54.5% mujeres y 45.5% hombres. Resultados : El principal resultado fue la correlación negativa y significativa que indica que, a mayor satisfacción en la relación, menor impacto del confinamiento en los ámbitos de tranquilidad, felicidad, salud, condición física y bienestar emocional. Conclusión : Las personas que evalúan su relación de pareja como satisfactoria perciben menor impacto durante la contingencia por COVID-19 en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida.

ABSTRACT Background : The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people's lives, in a Mexican sample. Method : 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women and 45.5% men were evaluated. Results : The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition and emotional well-being. Conclusion : The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person's life.

ABSTRACT Background : The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people's lives, in a Mexican sample. Method : 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women and 45.5% men were evaluated. Results : The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition and emotional well-being. Conclusion : The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person's life.

RESUMEN Introducción : El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción marital, medida por la Escala de Valoración de la Relación y el impacto percibido por el confinamiento debido al COVID-19 en diferentes ámbitos de la vida de las personas en una muestra mexicana. Método : Se evaluó a 101 personas que viven en pareja, con edad promedio de 41.2 años (DE = 10.7), 54.5% mujeres y 45.5% hombres. Resultados : El principal resultado fue la correlación negativa y significativa que indica que, a mayor satis- facción en la relación, menor impacto del confinamiento en los ámbitos de tranquilidad, felicidad, salud, condición física y bienestar emocional. Conclusión : Las personas que evalúan su relación de pareja como satisfactoria perciben menor impacto durante la contingencia por COVID-19 en los diferentes ámbitos de su vida.

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El ritmo diurno del cortisol se ha visto alterado en los pacientes con cáncer. Factores como el avance de la enfermedad y los niveles de estrés se han considerado para explicar esta condición; sin embargo, los resultados no son claros. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y determinar si existen diferencias en los niveles de cortisol en mujeres con cáncer de mama en diferentes estadios, y analizar la relación entre los niveles de cortisol y el estrés, el optimismo y las estrategias de afrontamiento. Se recolectaron muestras de cortisol salival durante dos días, y se aplicaron cuestionarios psicológicos de estrés percibido (PSS), optimismo disposicional (LOT-R) y estrategias de afrontamiento (MAC) a 17 mujeres con cáncer de mama en estadio I, II y III. Los resultados muestran que las pacientes con cáncer de mama en los tres estadios presentan un ritmo diurno de cortisol normal y no difieren significativamente en los niveles de cortisol. Respecto a las variables psicológicas, solo difieren en la variable de optimismo. Las estrategias de afrontamiento espíritu de lucha y evitación cognitiva son las variables que tienen más influencia en los niveles de cortisol, y explican un 55% de la varianza. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados.

Diurnal cortisol rhythm has been altered in patients with cancer. Factors such as disease progression and stress levels are regarded as possible causes to explain this condition, however results are not clear. The aim of this study was to assess and determine whether there are differences in cortisol levels in women with breast cancer in different stages and analyze the relationship between cortisol levels and stress, optimism and coping strategies. Salivary cortisol samples were collected for two days and psychological questionnaires of perceived stress (PSS), dispositional optimism (LOT-R) and coping strategies (MAC) were administered to 17 breast cancer women in stage I, II and III of the disease. The results show that patients with breast cancer in the three stages have a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm and do not differ significantly in cortisol levels. Regarding the psychological variables, they differ only in optimism. Coping strategies such as fighting spirit and cognitive avoidance are the variables that have more influence on cortisol levels, explaining 55% of variance. The implications of these results are discussed.

O ritmo diurno do cortisol vem sendo visto alterado nos pacientes com câncer. Fatores como o avanço da doença e os níveis de estresse estão sendo considerados para explicar essa condição; contudo, os resultados não são claros. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e determinar se existem diferenças nos níveis de cortisol em mulheres com câncer de mama de diferentes estágios, bem como analisar estratégias de enfrentamento. Foram coletadas amostras de cortisol salival durante dois dias e aplicados questionários psicológicos de estresse percebido, otimismo disposicional e estratégias de enfrentamento a 17 mulheres com câncer de mama em estágio I, II e III. Os resultados mostram que as pacientes com esse câncer nos três estágios apresentam um ritmo diurno de cortisol normal e não se diferenciam significativamente na variável de otimismo. A respeito das variáveis psicológicas, só diferem na variável de otimismo. As estratégias de enfrentamento -espírito de luta e evitação cognitiva- são as variáveis que têm mais influência nos níveis de cortisol e explicam 55% da variação. Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados.

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En este trabajo, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003) del Inventario para la Depresión de Beck ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) en muestras mexicanas no clínicas: 474 estudiantes universitarios y 478 personas de población general. La consistencia interna resultó satisfactoria en ambas muestras siendo alfa de Cronbach 0.901 para la muestra total. Los resultados coinciden con los reportados en estudios previos españoles (Sanz, Navarro & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vazquez, 2003) acerca de las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, así como otros estudios internacionales revisados. El análisis factorial confirmatorio muestra buenos índices de ajuste al modelo bifactorial de la escala. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones en función del sexo, pero no se observan efectos significativos de la edad. Se concluye que la versión española del BDI-II puede ser un instrumento válido y fiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población general adulta mexicana y en estudiantes universitarios.

The purpose of this study was to test the Spanish version (Sanz, Navarro, & Vazquez, 2003) of the Beck Depression Inventory-II ([BDI-II]; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in the Mexican general population and undergraduate university students on non clinical samples. The reliability and construct validity obtained in a sample of 474 university students and 478 people from the general population, confirmed good psychometric properties: Cronbach alpha of 0.901 and Confirmatory factor analysis, showed good adjustment indices to two-factor model scale. These results agree with those reported in previous studies both international and Spanish studies on the psychometric properties of the instrument (Sanz, Navarro, & Vázquez, 2003; Sanz, Perdigón & Vázquez, 2003). Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the Mexican population data, the two-factor model reported in the Spanish population. Finally, the distributions of scores were similar to those found in Spanish studies. There were significant differences in scores by gender, but there are no significant effects of age. It is concluded that the Spanish version of the BDI-II may be a valid and reliable instrument to assess depressive symptoms in college students and the general population of Mexican adults.

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El embarazo es el período de desarrollo y crecimiento óptimo del feto; paralelamente, para la madre, es un tiempo de compleja adaptación, en el cual además de experimentar cambios físicos, hay una mayor conciencia de su hijo, lo cual la aproxima afectivamente a este. El lazo que se establece entre la madre y el feto ayuda a mitigar los problemas físicos y emocionales de esta etapa, preparando la futura relación de apego entre madre e hijo. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la traducción al español de la Escala de Vinculación Prenatal Materna. Se utilizó el proceso de traducción inversa, a fin de lograr una equivalencia conceptual de la escala. El estudio incluyó a 169 mujeres embarazadas; a las cuales se aplicó la traducción de la escala de vinculación prenatal materna. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró dos factores con el 36.8 por ciento de la varianza explicada, eliminando 5 ítems. La escala total obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de .694, la subescala de Calidad un alfa .771 y la de Preocupación de .550...

Pregnancy is the period for fetal development and growth. In parallel, for the mother is also a complex adaptation time, which in addition to experience physical changes, there is a greater awareness about their child that creates an affectively approach to his or her. The bond between mother and fetus helps to mitigate physical and emotional problems in this stage, preparing them for the future relationship between mother and child attachment. The objective in this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish translation of the MAAS. Reverse translation process was used in order to achieve a conceptual equivalence of the scale. The study included 169 pregnant women attending prenatal care. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two factors with 36.8 percent of the explained variance, along with 5 items that were removed. The total scale showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.694, Quality subscale obtained an alpha of .771 and .550 Preocupation subscale...

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El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación del estrés, la depresión y las estrategias de afrontamiento con el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) en una muestra de pacientes con cáncer de mama. Se realizó con una muestra no probabilística de 52 mujeres con cáncer de mama. Se encontró una relación entre TEPT y estrés (r= .344, p= .014), TEPT y depresión (rs=.346, p= .013). El TEPT correlacionó con evitación cognitiva (r= .437, p= .001), TEPT y desesperanza (rs= .437, p= .001) y TEPT con preocupación ansiosa (rs= .581, p= .001). Las variables predictoras del TEPT fueron: estrés, depresión, evitación cognitiva y desesperanza, explicando el 43.9% de la varianza.

The aim of the study was analyze the relationship of stress, depression and coping strategies with PTSD in a sample of patients with breast cancer. With a nonrandom sample of 52 women with breast cancer. The results indicate a relationship between PTSD and stress (r = .344, p = .014), PTSD and depression (rs = .346, p = .013), PTSD and cognitive avoidance (r = .437, p = .001), PTSD and hopelessness (rs = .437, p = .001) and the anxious concern with PTSD (rs =. 581, p = .001). The predictors of PTSD were stress, depression, cognitive avoidance and hopelessness, explaining 43.9% of the variance.

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El NEO PI-R es una escala base para examinar la personalidad y el Brief COPE es un instrumento, poco difundido en Brasil, para examinar el afron-tamiento. Por ello, el presente estudio transversal con muestra brasileña tiene como objetivos evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Brief COPE, examinar su relación con el NEO PI-R, así como también evaluar las diferencias de género en el NEO PI-R y el Brief Cope. Participaron 899 adultos. El análisis factorial no confirmó la estructura original del Brief COPE. El análisis factorial exploratorio evidenció una solución de ocho factores, que fue corroborada por el análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se encontraron correlaciones entre las cinco dimensiones de la personalidad y los factores del afrontamiento, así como también diferencias significativas de género.

The NEO PI-R is a major scale to examine the personality, and the Brief COPE is a little known instrument in Brazil to examine the coping. As this cross-sectional study with Brazilian sample aims to: evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief COPE; examine its relationship with the NEO PI-R, and evaluate gender differences in the NEO PI-R and Brief Cope. The participants were 899 adults. The factor analysis did not confirm the original structure of the Brief COPE. The exploratory factorial analysis showed an eight factor solution, which was confirmed by the confirmatory factorial analysis. Correlation was found between the five dimensions of personality and coping factors, as well significant differences between genders.

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Los ritmos circadianos mantienen la homeostasis del organismo a través de ciclos hormonales, metabólicos y celulares que regulan la proliferación celular. A su vez, estos son mediados por condiciones psicológicas que pueden alterar su funcionamiento y dejar al organismo susceptible a enfermedades como el cáncer. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la relación de los ritmos circadianos con el cáncer; enfatizando en aquellos ritmos que guardan relación con comportamientos como el ritmo sueño-vigilia y el ritmo circadiano del cortisol. Se busca identificar con esta revisión, posibles repercusiones en la incidencia y pronóstico del cáncer. Así mismo se comentarán los mecanismos psicobiológicos que mantienen la relación entre estos ritmos circa-dianos y cáncer.

Circadian rhythms maintain homeostasis of the body through hormonal, metabolic and cell cycle regulating cell proliferation. In turn, these are mediated by psychological conditions that may affect its operation and leave the body susceptible to diseases like cancer. The aim of this article is to review the relationship of circadian rhythms to cancer; with emphasis on those rhythms that are related to behaviors such as sleep-wake rhythm and the circadian rhythm of cortisol. This review will seek to identify, potential impact on the incidence and prognosis of cancer. Also psychobiological mechanisms that maintain the relationship between the circadian rhythms and cancer will be discussed.

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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación de las variables estrés, pensamientos negativos y apoyo social con la calidad de vida en mujeres con cáncer de mama. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de 50 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama y un diseño transversal. Los resultados principales encontrados fueron las correlaciones negativas entre: estrés y calidad de vida; pensamientos negativos y apoyo social; pensamientos negativos y calidad de vida. También se encontró relación positiva entre las variables estrés y pensamientos negativos, y entre el apoyo social y la calidad de vida.

The present study aimed to analyze the relationship of the variables stress, negative thoughts and social support to the quality of life in women with breast cancer. We used a non-probability sample of 50 women diagnosed with breast cancer and a cross-sectional design. The main results were found negative correlations between: stress and quality of life, social support and negative thoughts, negative thoughts and quality of life. We also found a positive relationship between the variables stress and negative thoughts and finally, positive relationship between social support and quality of life.

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El presente trabajo describe el análisis preliminar de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala reducida de apoyo social percibido, familiar y de amigos, que denominaremos AFA-R. El muestreo es no probabilístico, ya que se aplicó a estudiantes en sus salones de clase de dos instituciones públicas (n= 456). Para el análisis de consistencia interna se utilizó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach obteniéndose un alfa de .918, se valoró la estructura factorial del AFA-R confirmando una estructura bifactorial que explica el 66.09% de la varianza; y como validez de criterio se evaluó la relación entre apoyo social y estrés, la correlación entre estrés y apoyo social fue negativa y significativa (r s =-.337, p=.001). Los resultados muestran adecuadas propiedades psicométricas del AFA-R.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the social support from parents and friends scale (AFA-R). Using a non random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the AFA-R. Internal consistency was adequate (α=.918) and factor analysis corroborated the bi-factor structure, explaining 66.09% of its variance. The correlation between stress and social support was negative and significant (r s =-.337, p=.001) and it is evidence of validity. The results showed adequate psychometric properties of the AFA-R.

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En los últimos años el uso y la investigación de las redes sociales se ha incrementado, sin embargo, queda aún por responder que tanto apoyo social percibe la gente de sus contactos en las redes sociales, para continuar en esta línea de investigación se requieren instrumentos de medición adecuados. Es así que se diseñó y analizó una escala para evaluar apoyo social percibido a través de las redes sociales. Se contó con la participación de 245 hombres y 252 mujeres con edad promedio de 28.4 años. La escala se diseñó tomando como base la escala de apoyo social de Sherbourne y Stewart (1991), iniciando con 24 ítems, tras el análisis de confiabilidad y de la estructura factorial se obtuvo un instrumento de 15 ítems con un alfa de Cronbach de .94 y estadísticos de bondad de ajuste aceptables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio.

Recently, the use and research of social networks have increased, however, to know if people perceived enough social support from their contacts in social networks, adequate questionnaires are required to measure perceived social support received from social networks. Thus, we designed and tested a scale to assess social support through social networks. It was answered by 245 men and 252 women with a mean age of 28.4 years. The scale was designed based on The MOS social support survey (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991), starting with 24 items, after analysis of reliability and factor structure an instrument with 15 items was obtained. Its reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha was of .94 and an acceptable goodness of fit in the confirmatory factor analysis.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer el nivel de estrés y los factores asociados al hiperestrés, en trabajadores del volante de la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en una población de 191 choferes de 19 a 74 años de edad, en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero. El muestreo fue por conveniencia y se realizó durante los meses de septiembre de 2009 a enero de 2010. La medición del estrés se hizo mediante la aplicación de un estresómetro que contiene preguntas relacionadas con el estilo de vida, ambiente, síntomas, empleo u ocupación, relaciones y personalidad. Posteriormente se entregó el diagnostico de estrés a cada participante, así como las recomendaciones de acuerdo al diagnóstico obtenido. La edad promedio de los 191 choferes fue de 35.51+/- 11.04 años. En relación al estado civil el 10.99 por ciento son solteros, 68.06 por ciento casados, 5.24 por ciento divorciados, 15.18 por ciento viven en unión libre y el 0.52 por ciento son viudos. La prevalencia de hiperestrés, definido como estrés peligroso o elevado, fue de 26.7 por ciento. Los factores asociados al hiperestrés fueron: comer de prisa, tener la casa sucia y desordenada, aire contaminado en la zona donde se vive, sufrir taquicardia, sentir tensión por el trabajo, sentir el día largo en el trabajo, afectarse por las disputas, ponerse nervioso si los interrumpen cuando trabaja, ponerse nervioso cuando hay mucho tráfico, padecer insomnio, sudar mucho sin hacer ejercicio y llevarse mal con el jefe.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of stress and related factors in professional drivers of Chilpancingo, Guerrero. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 191 drivers aged 19 to 74 years old. It was carried out a purposive sampling from September 2009 to January 2010. The stress measurement was obtained by applying a estresometer containing questions related to lifestyle, environmental factors, stress symptoms, employment or occupation, relationships and personality. The diagnosis of stress and recommendations according to the diagnosis obtained were given to each participant. The average age of the 191 drivers was 35.51 +/- 4.11 years. In terms of marital status: 10.99 percent were single, 68.06 percent married, 5.24 percent divorced, 15.18 percent cohabiting and 0.52 percent widowed. Hyperstress, defined as having dangerous or high stress levels, had a prevalence of 26.7 percent. Factors associated with hyperstress were eating in a hurry, having the house dirty and messy, polluted air in the area where they live, suffering tachycardia, feeling tightness for work, feeling the long day at work, being affected by disputes, being nervous if interrupted while working, getting nervous when traffic is heavy, suffering insomnia, sweating a lot without exercise and not getting along with the boss.

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El objetivo fue conocer el nivel de estrés y los factores asociados en estudiantes de licenciatura de las diferentes Unidades Académicas de la Ciudad Universitaria de Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México. Corresponde a un estudio de tipo transversal, realizado en una muestra de 500 estudiantes de 17 a 44 años, la edad promedio fue de 21.29 +/- 3.13 años. La selección de estudiantes fue al azar. La medición del nivel de estrés se realizó con un estresómetro que contiene 96 preguntas relacionadas con el estilo de vida, ambiente, síntomas, empleo/ocupación, relaciones y personalidad. La prevalencia de hiperestrés fue de 44.4 por ciento. Las Unidades Académicas con mayor prevalencia de estrés fueron Ciencias Químicas (56 por ciento) y Filosofía y Letras (52.54 por ciento). Las mujeres tienen mayor prevalencia en estrés que los hombres. Se encontraron 17 factores asociados al hiperestrés, entre los que se encuentran: no hacer ejercicio, consumo de alcohol y sentirse cansado y sin energías, entre otros.

The objective was to determine the level of stress and associated factors in undergraduates students from all the Academic Units located in the University City in Chilpancingo, Gro. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 500 students with ages ranging from 17-44 years, the average age was 21.29 +/- 3.13 years. Stress levels were measured with an estresometer containing 96 questions related to lifestyle, environment, symptoms, employment/occupation, relationships and personality. The prevalence of hiperestrés was 44.4 percent. The Academic Units with more prevalence of stress were Chemistry Sciences (56 percent) and Philosophy and Literature (52.54 percent). The women have more stress that the men. We found 17 factors associated with hiperstress, among which are: no exercise, alcohol consumption, feeling tired and without energy, among others.

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Se presenta una versión breve del cuestionario de prácticas parentales en formatos para padres e hijos. Los objetivos fueron: (1) proponer y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de una versión breve del Cuestionario de Prácticas Parentales en formatos para padres y para adolescentes, y (2) comparar la percepción que tienen sobre los estilos parentales, padres y adolescentes de las mismas familias. La muestra se compone de 307 jóvenes y 197 padres, de los cuales 73 eran pares (73 padres y 73 adolescentes de las mismas familias). Para la reducción del cuestionario se realizó análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como análisis de consistencia interna, quedando una versión de 30 ítems, 15 que evalúan estilo autoritario y 15 el estilo autoritativo, con estadísticos de bondad de ajuste adecuados para el AFC y alfa de Cronbach entre .88 y .93. Para la comparación de la percepción de estilos parentales entre ambos grupos se utilizó la prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon, encontrando diferencia significativa en el estilo autoritativo, mas no en el autoritario.

This paper shows a brief version of the Parenting Practices Questionnaire with forms for parents and adolescences. The objectives were (1) to evaluate psychometric properties of a brief version of the Parenting Practices Questionnaire, with forms for parents and adolescences, and (2) to compare the perception of parenting styles between parents and adolescents from the same families. 307 adolescents and 197 parents were evaluated. 73 of them were from the same families. We perform explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as reliability analysis to reduce the questionnaire. The final version had 15 items to evaluate authoritative style and 15 items to evaluate authoritarian style. Goodness of fit indices were adequate and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were among .88 and .93. To compare parental style perceptions between parents and adolescents we used Wilcoxon’s test, finding significant difference in authoritative style.

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RESUMO

Los cambios emocionales en la adolescencia se relacionan con la dificultad para percibir, comprender y regular las emociones, lo que impacta negativamente sobre su autoestima y el manejo de las emociones. La terapia asistida por perros puede aumentar la autoestima de los adolescentes y ayudarlos a mejorar en el manejo de las emociones. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de la terapia asistida por perros sobre la autoestima y los componentes de las emociones en un grupo de adolescentes con problemas emocionales. Los resultados mostraron cambios significativos en la atención emocional de los adolescentes, es decir, en su capacidad para percibir mejor sus emociones.

The emotional changes in adolescence are related to the difficulty to perceive, understand and regulate emotions, which negatively impacts on self-esteem and the management of emotions. Dog-assisted therapy can help improve self-esteem and help in the management of emotions. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of dog-assisted therapy on self-esteem and components of emotions in a group of adolescents with emotional problems. The results showed significant changes in the attentional emotion component of emotions, which means, in the ability to perceive their emotions.

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RESUMO

Con el propósito de evaluar si los niveles de estrés y salud percibidos difieren de acuerdo al tipo de relación entre el humano y el perro, así como de evaluar la correlación de estrés y salud percibidos con la frecuencia en que se realizan algunas actividades con el perro, se aplicaron cuestionarios de autoinforme a 247 voluntarios, dueños de al menos un perro. los principales resultados muestran puntajes más bajos de estrés percibido y más altos de salud mental en quienes consideran a su perro miembro de la familia. Además, se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre entrenar al perro y el estrés y la salud mental; entre jugar con el perro y la vitalidad y la salud mental, y entre pasearlo y la vitalidad. Se concluye que quienes consideran al perro un miembro de la familia y realizan más actividades con él tienen más beneficios en su salud física y mental, y en el nivel de estrés percibido.

This study was carried out in order to assess whether the levels of perceived stress and health differed depending on types of human-pet dog relationships, and to evaluate the correlation between perceived stress and health and the frequency with which activities are carried out with the dogs. Self-report questionnaires were filled out by 247 volunteers owning at least one dog. The results show lower levels of perceived stress and higher levels of mental health in those individuals who consider the dog a member of the family. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between dog-training activities and stress and mental health, between playing with the dog and vitality and mental health, and between walking the dog and vitality. The conclusion was that those individuals who consider their dogs as members of the family and carry out more activities with them have better physical and mental health, as well as lower levels of perceived stress.

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RESUMO

Se diseñaron dos cursos virtuales auto-aplicados para personas con fibromialgia, basados en técnicas cognitivo-conductuales. Los objetivos fueron: (1) Evaluar los resultados del primer curso sobre estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia. (2) Evaluar los resultados del segundo curso, en la disminución de: fallos cotidianos de memoria, pensamientos negativos, catastrofización, e impacto de la fibromialgia. Y (3) comparar niveles de estrés e impacto en las cuatro mediciones (pre-post, ambos cursos). Participaron 22 mujeres en el primero y 8 en el segundo. Se encontró mejoría en estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia después del primer curso. Después del segundo disminuyeron: pensamientos negativos, catastrofización e impacto. Hubo una recaída en el estrés y el impacto entre ambos cursos disminuyendo nuevamente al concluir el segundo.

Two cognitive-behavioral virtual courses were designed to be self-applied by people with fibromyalgia. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate first course results on perceived stress and fibromyalgia impact. To evaluate second course results on decreasing of memory complains, negative thoughts, pain catastrofization and fibromyalgia impact. And to compare stress level and fibromyalgia impact among the four measurements (pre-post, both courses). 22 women participated in the first course and 8 women in the second. We found improvement after first course. Negative thoughts, pain catastrofization and fibromyalgia impact decreased after second course. Regarding to objective five, stress and fibromyalgia impact diminished after first course, but increased between the courses and diminished over again after concluding second course.

RESUMO

This study was conducted in order to determine factor structure and reliability of STAXI-2-AX/EX (Spielberger, 1999) and to calculate the correlation between STAXI-2-AX/EX and the Housewives Burnout Questionnaire (CUBAC). The study sample included 226 housewives. Dimensional structure was estimated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Factor analysis results of STAXI-2-AX/EX showed that a four related factors model had an adequate goodness of fit, eliminating three items. Regarding the CUBAC, a two related factors structure presented the best goodness of fit, which improve if five items were eliminated. Finally, as we expected, the correlation between the two scales was positive (r = .38). We suggest that this study should be replicated in other countries.

Assuntos