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Purpose: To evaluate the performance of optimized parameters of femtosecond laser for cataract surgery corneal incisions regarding opening, patency and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). Patients and Methods: Patients scheduled for femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery between May 2018 and December 2018 were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were a healthy preoperative cornea and uneventful FLACS. Exclusion criteria were preoperative corneal astigmatism over 1.0 D, previous corneal trauma or pathologies. Clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical records. Surgical planning was based on Scheimpflug tomography images for keratometric data. At postoperative day 60, new keratometric evaluation was performed, obtained using the same device. Results: 101 eyes (61 patients) matched the criteria for SIA analysis. Overall mean SIA was 0.44 ± 0.33 D (0-1.55 D). Axis and size did not have any statistically significant effects on SIA. The overall centroid of the SIA was 0.11. For the opening analysis, was included 156 eyes (79 patients). Successful opening in 87.7% of cases (137 eyes). Temporal incisions had the highest success rate (98.36%). Conclusion: These femtosecond laser parameters showed high opening rates with low opening times. These optimized parameters led to a low incidence of SIA and high predictability regardless of incision site and size. The association between incision opening and SIA was not statistically significant. There was, however, an association between incision opening success and site.

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The widespread Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Currently, we have a limited toolset available for visualizing SARS-CoV-2 in cells and tissues, particularly in tissues from patients who died from COVID-19. Generally, single-molecule RNA FISH techniques have shown mixed results in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues such as those preserved from human autopsies. Here, we present a platform for preparing autopsy tissue for visualizing SARS-CoV-2 RNA using RNA FISH with amplification by hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We developed probe sets that target different regions of SARS-CoV-2 (including ORF1a and N) as well as probe sets that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic mRNAs. We validated these probe sets in cell culture and tissues (lung, lymph node, and placenta) from infected patients. Using this technology, we observe distinct subcellular localization patterns of the ORF1a and N regions, with the ORF1a concentrated around the nucleus and the N showing a diffuse distribution across the cytoplasm. In human lung tissue, we performed multiplexed RNA FISH HCR for SARS-CoV-2 and cell-type specific marker genes. We found viral RNA in cells containing the alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell marker gene (SFTPC) and the alveolar macrophage marker gene (MARCO), but did not identify viral RNA in cells containing the alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell marker gene (AGER). Moreover, we observed distinct subcellular localization patterns of viral RNA in AT2 cells and alveolar macrophages, consistent with phagocytosis of infected cells. In sum, we demonstrate the use of RNA FISH HCR for visualizing different RNA species from SARS-CoV-2 in cell lines and FFPE autopsy specimens. Furthermore, we multiplex this assay with probes for cellular genes to determine what cell-types are infected within the lung. We anticipate that this platform could be broadly useful for studying SARS-CoV-2 pathology in tissues as well as extended for other applications including investigating the viral life cycle, viral diagnostics, and drug screening.

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BACKGROUND: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world, and clinically significant astigmatism may affect up to approximately 20% of people undergoing cataract surgery. Pre-existing astigmatism in people undergoing cataract surgery may be treated, among other techniques, by placing corneal incisions near the limbus (limbal relaxing incisions or LRIs) or by toric intraocular lens (IOLs) specially designed to reduce or treat the effect of corneal astigmatism on unaided visual acuity. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of toric IOLs compared with LRIs in the management of astigmatism during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL (which contains the Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; 2019, Issue 9); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase and four other databases. The date of the search was 27 September 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing toric IOLs with LRIs during phacoemulsification cataract surgery.  DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methods expected by Cochrane. We graded the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. Our primary outcome was the proportion of participants with postoperative residual refractive astigmatism of less than 0.50 dioptres (D) six months or more after surgery. We also collected data on mean residual refractive astigmatism. Secondary outcomes included: uncorrected distance visual acuity, vision-related quality of life, spectacle independence and adverse effects including postoperative lens rotation requiring re-alignment. To supplement the main systematic review assessing the effects of toric IOLs compared with LRIs in the management of astigmatism during phacoemulsification cataract surgery, we sought to identify economic evaluations on the subject. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 10 relevant studies including 517 people (626 eyes). These studies took place in China (three studies), UK (three), Brazil (one), India (one), Italy (one) and Spain (one). The median age of participants was 71 years. The level of corneal astigmatism specified in the inclusion criteria of these studies ranged from 0.75 D to 3 D. A variety of toric IOLs were used in these studies, in all but one study, these were monofocal. Studies used three different nomograms to determine the size and placement of the LRI. Two studies did not specify this. None of the studies were at low risk of bias in all domains, but two studies were at low risk of bias in all domains except selective outcome reporting, which was unclear. The remaining studies were at a mixture of low, unclear or high risk of bias. People receiving toric IOLs were probably more likely to achieve a postoperative residual refractive astigmatism of less than 0.5 D six months or more after surgery (risk ratio (RR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10 to 1.78; 5 RCTs, 262 eyes). We judged this to be moderate-certainty evidence, downgrading for risk of bias. In the included studies, approximately 500 eyes per 1000 achieved postoperative astigmatism less than 0.5 D in the LRI group compared with 700 per 1000 in the toric IOLs group. There was a small difference in residual astigmatism between the two groups, favouring toric IOLs (mean difference (MD) -0.32 D, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.15 D; 10 RCTs, 620 eyes). Although all studies favoured toric IOLs, the results of individual studies were inconsistent (range of effects -0.02 D to -0.71 D; I² = 89%). We considered this to be low-certainty evidence, downgrading for risk of bias and inconsistency. People receiving a toric IOL probably have a small improvement in visual acuity at six months or more after surgery compared to people receiving LRI, but the difference is small and probably clinically insignificant (MD -0.04 logMAR, 95% CI -0.07 to -0.02; 8 RCTs, 474 eyes; moderate-certainty evidence). Low-certainty evidence from one study of 40 people suggested little difference in vision-related quality of life measured using the Visual Function Index (VF-14) (MD -3.01, 95% CI -8.56 to 2.54). Two studies reported spectacle independence and suggested that people receiving toric IOLs may be more likely to be spectacle independent (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.15; 100 people; low-certainty evidence). There were no cases of lens rotation requiring surgery (very low-certainty evidence). Five studies (320 eyes) commented on a range of other adverse effects including corneal oedema, endophthalmitis and corneal ectasia. All these studies reported that there were no adverse events with the exception of one study (40 eyes) where one participant in the LRI group had a central de-epithelisation which recovered over 10 days. We found no economic studies that compared toric IOLs with LRIs. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Toric IOLs probably provide a higher chance of achieving astigmatism within 0.5 D after cataract surgery compared with LRIs. There may be a small mean difference in postoperative astigmatism, favouring toric IOLs, but this difference is likely to be clinically unimportant. There was no evidence of an important difference in postoperative visual acuity or quality of life between the techniques. Evidence on adverse effects was uncertain. The apparent shortage of relevant economic evaluations indicates that economic evidence regarding the costs and consequence of these two procedures is currently lacking.

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OBJECTIVE: To implement a method to train residents in the performance of phacoemulsification surgery, with the steps completed in reverse chronological order and with the easiest step being undertaken first. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We created a method for training ophthalmology residents in which we taught phacoemulsification surgery in a series of steps learnt in reverse order. Each resident advanced through the teaching modules only after being approved in the final step and then progressed to the complete performance of surgeries. We analysed the rates of complications in the 2 years after introducing the new method. RESULTS: The new method allowed for a standardised approach that enabled replicated teaching of phacoemulsification regardless of instructor or student. After implementing the new method, residents performed 1817 phacoemulsification surgeries in the first year and 1860 in the second year, with posterior capsule rupture rates of 8.42% and 7.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Teaching residents to perform the steps of phacoemulsification in a standardised reverse order resulted in low rates of complications.

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INTRODUCTION: This retrospective consecutive case series assessed 12-month effectiveness and safety of iStent® or iStent inject® trabecular micro-bypass implants with cataract surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a real-world clinical setting. METHODS: Effectiveness outcomes consisted of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction; glaucoma medication reduction; proportions of eyes achieving IOP < 18, < 15, or < 12 mmHg; and proportional analysis of medication usage. Safety outcomes included adverse events, secondary surgeries, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: This evaluation included 58 eyes with OAG (35 iStent, 23 iStent inject), with 96.6% of eyes having mild or moderate glaucoma. Diagnoses included primary open-angle glaucoma (the majority; 72.4%), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, and pigmentary glaucoma. Baseline mean IOP and medications were statistically comparable between groups: 16.1 ± 3.6 mmHg on a mean of 1.8 ± 0.8 medications in the iStent group, and 16.2 ± 3.1 mmHg on a mean of 1.7 ± 0.8 medications in the iStent inject group. Twelve months after stent-cataract surgery, mean IOP was significantly lower in the iStent inject group than in the iStent group (13.1 mmHg vs. 15.4 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.001), and the percent reduction in IOP from baseline was significantly greater in iStent inject eyes than in iStent eyes (19.1% vs. 4.3% reduction, respectively; p < 0.001). At 12 months postoperative, significantly greater proportions of iStent inject eyes than iStent eyes achieved IOP < 18 mmHg (100% vs. 80.0% of eyes, respectively; p = 0.035), IOP < 15 mmHg (73.9% vs. 34.3% of eyes, respectively; p = 0.003), and IOP < 12 mmHg (26.1% vs. 0% of eyes, respectively; p = 0.002). Meanwhile, both groups achieved significant medication reductions at 12 months vs. baseline (94.1% reduction in iStent inject eyes, p < 0.0001; and 72.2% reduction in iStent eyes, p < 0.0001), with the percent reduction being significantly greater in iStent inject eyes than in iStent eyes (p = 0.023). At 12 months, mean number of medications was significantly lower in iStent inject eyes than iStent eyes (0.1 vs. 0.5 medications, respectively; p = 0.021), and significantly more iStent inject eyes (95.7%) than iStent eyes (71.4%) were off medications entirely (p = 0.021). A similarly high safety profile was observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: iStent or iStent inject implantation with cataract surgery resulted in substantial and safe reductions in IOP and medications through 12 months postoperative. Consistent with prior observations, greater efficacy was observed with iStent inject than with iStent. FUNDING: The Rapid Service Fees were funded by Glaukos Corporation.

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INTRODUCTION: In this real-world, retrospective, comparative study we evaluated 6-month performance and safety in consecutive eyes following implantation of the iStent® or iStent inject® trabecular micro-bypass device with concomitant cataract surgery. METHODS: Performance outcomes included intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction; glaucoma medication reduction; proportions of eyes achieving an IOP of < 18, < 16, < 14, or < 12 mmHg; and proportions of eyes on 0, 1, 2, or ≥ 3 medications. Safety outcomes included adverse events, secondary surgeries, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: A total of 73 eyes with open-angle glaucoma and cataract were included in the study; of these, 38 eyes were implanted with the iStent device and 35 were implanted with the iStent inject device. The two groups of patients had similar baseline characteristics, with the exception of mean age and medication burden (both higher in patients receiving the iStent inject device); over 90% of eyes in both groups had early glaucoma. At 6 months after surgery, mean IOP had fallen from 16.5 ± 3.9 to 13.9 ± 2.3 mmHg in eyes with the iStent implant (p < 0.001), and from 17.3 ± 3.0 to 12.7 ± 1.8 mmHg in those with the iStent inject implant (p < 0.001). This reduction was significantly greater in the iStent inject eyes than in the iStent eyes (26.6 vs. 15.8%) (p = 0.005). Significantly more eyes receiving the iStent inject device compared to the iStent device achieved an IOP of < 18 mmHg at 6 months post surgery (100 vs. 86.8%) (p = 0.033). Average medication usage was reduced from 1.8 to 0.4 medications in iStent eyes (p < 0.001) and from 2.3 to 0.4 medications in iStent inject eyes (p < 0.001). Over 70% of eyes in both groups became medication-free by 6 months post implantation. Adverse events in iStent eyes were mild and resulted in no sequelae; two iStent eyes underwent non-penetrating deep sclerectomy during follow-up. No complications or secondary surgeries were noted in iStent inject eyes. All eyes in both groups maintained or showed improved BCVA versus baseline. CONCLUSION: Significant and safe IOP and medication reductions were observed after iStent or iStent inject implantation with concomitant cataract surgery. Trends toward greater effectiveness and fewer adverse events were observed with the iStent inject device compared with the iStent device. FUNDING: Article processing charges were provided by Glaukos Corporation.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.05 mL intracameral injection of moxifloxacin in patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implant. METHODS: Retrospective study comprising patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implant between January 2009 and December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A followed standard endophthalmitis prevention protocol and group B followed the same protocol plus intracameral injection of 0.05 mL of moxifloxacin hydrochloride at 5.45 mg/mL, immediately after IOL implant. RESULTS: Medical records from 7,195 eyes of 3,751 patients (median age: 67.8 ± 8.96, range: 48-83 years, 53.8% female) were evaluated. Group A included 3,515 eyes of 1,838 patients and group B included 3,680 eyes of 1,913 patients. The incidence of endophthalmitis in group A was 0.22% (8:3,515 eyes) and in group B was 0.03% (1:3,680 eyes, p=0.0198, Fischer's exact test). No toxicity or inflammation related to the use of moxifloxacin was observed. CONCLUSIONS: There was a 7.3-fold lower ratio of endophthalmitis in the group that received moxifloxacin intracameral injection. This study provides further evidence that moxifloxacin is an effective intracameral prophylactic antibiotic.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 0.05 mL intracameral injection of moxifloxacin in patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implant. Methods: Retrospective study comprising patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implant between January 2009 and December 2013. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A followed standard endophthalmitis prevention protocol and group B followed the same protocol plus intracameral injection of 0.05 mL of moxifloxacin hydrochloride at 5.45 mg/mL, immediately after IOL implant. Results: Medical records from 7,195 eyes of 3,751 patients (median age: 67.8 ± 8.96, range: 48-83 years, 53.8% female) were evaluated. Group A included 3,515 eyes of 1,838 patients and group B included 3,680 eyes of 1,913 patients. The incidence of endophthalmitis in group A was 0.22% (8:3,515 eyes) and in group B was 0.03% (1:3,680 eyes, p=0.0198, Fischer's exact test). No toxicity or inflammation related to the use of moxifloxacin was observed. Conclusions: There was a 7.3-fold lower ratio of endophthalmitis in the group that received moxifloxacin intracameral injection. This study provides further evidence that moxifloxacin is an effective intracameral prophylactic antibiotic.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da injeção intracameral de 0,05 mL de moxifloxacina em pacientes que realizaram facoemulsificação e implante de lente intraocular. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo pacientes submetidos a facoemulsificação e implante de lente intraocular entre janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2013. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo A seguiu o protocolo padrão de prevenção de endoftalmite e o grupo B seguiu o mesmo protocolo associado à injeção intracameral de 0,05 mL de cloridrato de moxifloxacino a 5,45 mg/mL, imediatamente após o implante de lentes intra-oculares (LIO). Resultados: Foram avaliados registros clínicos de 7.195 olhos de 3.751 pacientes (mediana de idade de 67,8 ± 8,96, faixa de 48-83 anos, 53,8% de mulheres). O grupo A incluiu 3.515 olhos de 1.838 pacientes e o grupo B incluiu 3.680 olhos de 1.913 pacientes. A incidência de endoftalmite no grupo A foi de 0,22% (8:3.515 olhos) e no grupo B de 0,03% (1:3.680 olhos, p=0,0198, teste exato de Fischer). Não foi observada toxicidade ou inflamação relacionada com o uso de moxifloxacino intracameral. Conclusões: Houve uma proporção 7,3 vezes menor de endoftalmite no grupo que recebeu injeção de moxifloxacino. Este estudo fornece mais evidências que o moxifloxacino intracameral é um antibiótico profilático intracameral eficaz.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of pure honey and 20% autologous serum and BSS in corneal epithelial healing in rabbits after 48 hours. METHODS: All solutions were applied after an epithelial removal of 13-millimeters diameter area. Areas of epithelial healing were studied at 12, 24 and 48 hours. The eyes were treated every four hours during 2 days. All treated eyes were assigned to a control group (contralateral eye) treated with a balanced saline solution. RESULTS: All studied groups were not significantly different. In group one, the eyes treated with honey and the control were similar (p<0.87). In the second group the eyes treated with autologous serum and the control presented no difference in the mean score (p<0.072). CONCLUSION: Corneal epithelial healing in rabbits did not show improvement after application of either honey or autologous serum. It was possible to establish that the autologous serum treated eyes were clinically better than the control group but without statistical significance.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia de substâncias consideradas estimulantes da cicatrização, como o mel puro e o soro autólogo a 20 por cento na cicatrização do epitélio corneal de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada a remoção do epitélio corneal de dois grupos de coelhos que receberam a instilação de solução de mel puro (G1) ou soro autólogo (G2) a cada 4 horas. O olho contralateral foi usado como controle e submetido ao mesmo procedimento de remoção do epitélio, recebendo a instilação de BSS®. A área de desepitelização corneal foi avaliada 12, 24 e 48 horas após a indução do defeito epitelial. RESULTADOS: Os grupos estudados foram estatisticamente semelhantes: mel (48 horas) e controle (48 horas) p<0,87; soro autólogo (48 horas) e controle (48 horas) p<0,072. CONCLUSAO: Mesmo constatando-se discreta melhora clínica no uso tópico do soro autólogo, a cicatrização do epitélio corneal não foi significativamente diferente durante este estudo em nenhum dos grupos estudados.

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OBJETIVO: Estudar as alterações conjuntivais provocadas pela inflamação crônica na ceratoconjuntivite primaveril por meio da citologia de impressão. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas amostras do epitélio conjuntival de 30 pacientes com ceratoconjuntivite primaveril e 30 indivíduos normais. O material foi colhido da conjuntiva bulbar superior, utilizando papel de filtro com poros de 0,45 æm. Em seguida, o material foi fixado e, após 4 dias, corado com PAS, hematoxilina eosina e Papanicolaou modificado. A leitura das lâminas foi realizada por meio de microscopia óptica e foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: células polimorfonucleares, junções intercelulares, mucina, células caliciformes e relação núcleo/citoplasma. Após isso, cada lâmina foi graduada segundo a escala de Nelson. O nível de significância estatística foi de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Nos casos com ceratoconjuntivite primaveril observaram-se mais células polimorfonucleares, maior comprometimento das junções intercelulares, menor quantidade de mucina e maior alteração na relação núcleo/citoplasma que no grupo controle. Não houve diferença na quantidade de células caliciformes. A graduação pela escala de Nelson mostrou acometimento generalizado da conjuntiva na ceratoconjuntivite primaveril. CONCLUSAO: A citologia de impressão é capaz de identificar o grau de acometimento conjuntival dos pacientes com ceratoconjuntivite primaveril.

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OBJETIVO: Estudar a ação da injeção subconjuntival de soro autógeno na evolução das complicações, após queimadura ocular grave por álcali induzida experimentalmente em coelhos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados trinta olhos de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, divididos em dois grupos, de 15 coelhos cada, ambos submetidos à queimadura grave por álcali. Em 15 olhos (grupo tratado), efetuamos, imediatamente após a queimadura, injeção de soro autógeno subconjuntival. Os resultados foram avaliados e comparados logo após a queimadura e nos dias 1, 3, 7, 15 e 30 por meio de ectoscopia biomicroscopia ocular. RESULTADOS: O grupo tratado apresentou melhor resposta de reepitelização da córnea, na fase inicial do processo do que o grupo controle (grupo sem soro autógeno), diferença esta estaticamente significante, assim como resultado final com um menor número de complicações. CONCLUSAO: Os resultados obtidos neste estudo experimental sugerem que soro autógeno pode ter efeito no processo de cicatrização dos olhos após queimadura alcalina, diminuindo complicações tardias e melhorando o prognóstico quanto à estabilidade do processo inflamatório cicatricial.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ação antiinflamatória e antimicrobiana da injeção intravítrea de ozônio diluído em solução salina balanceada (BSS) em modelo experimental de endoftalmite por Staphylococcus epidermidis. MÉTODOS: Dezessete coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia receberam inoculação no olho direito de 0,1 ml de uma solução de 10(5) bactérias (S. epidermidis) por ml para indução de endoftalmite. Sete coelhos receberam injeção intravítrea de 0,1ml de BSS como controle e os outros dez coelhos receberam injeção intravítrea de 0,1ml de BSS com ozônio diluído a 2 ppm. Os dados foram quantificados de acordo com parâmetros clínicos e histopatológicos e computados numericamente para cada coelho após 24 horas de evolução. As médias e os desvios-padrão (DP) foram calculados e comparados por meio de teste t com duas amostras. RESULTADOS: A média da quantificação clínica dos olhos dos coelhos do grupo controle foi de 11,14 com DP de 1,04. A média clínica dos olhos tratados com ozônio foi de 4,90 com DP de 1,29. A média dos olhos tratados com ozônio foi significativamente menor do que os não tratados (P<0,01). A média da quantificação histopatológica dos olhos dos coelhos do grupo controle e do grupo tratado com ozônio foi de 17,00 (DP=0,57) e de 10,20 (DP=1,30), respectivamente. A resposta inflamatória do grupo tratado foi significativamente menor do que o não tratado (P<0,01). CONCLUSAO: O ozônio diminuiu significativamente a reação inflamatória no modelo de endoftalmite pesquisado. Isto ocorreu possivelmente devido à redução da carga bacteriana provocado pelo ozônio. Ainda é necessário estudar vias de administração e concentrações de ozônio mais eficazes em outros modelos de infecção.

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OBJETIVOS: Relatar a experiência obtida com o uso de adesivo de cianoacrilato em 22 casos seriados, e não comparativos, de afinamentos ou perfurações corneais de etiologia variada. Também visa descrever a técnica proposta para a aplicação do adesivo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 22 olhos de 22 pacientes que apresentavam afinamentos ou perfurações corneais, tratados com adesivo de cianoacrilato (Super Bonder® - Loctite, Brasil), no Departamento de Oftalmologia da Santa Casa de São Paulo, entre outubro de 1998 e abril de 2000. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: idade do paciente, sexo, acuidade visual antes e após aplicação do adesivo (com a correção em uso), medida (em milímetros) da perfuração ou afinamento, doença ocular que levou diretamente à necessidade da aplicação do adesivo, necessidade de "patch" ou transplante tectônico após tentativa de selar a lesão com o adesivo, número de aplicações realizadas, tempo de permanência da cola, efeitos indesejáveis após a colocação do adesivo e evolução do caso. RESULTADOS: A acuidade visual dos pacientes manteve-se inalterada após a aplicação da cola em 15 casos (68 por cento). Com relação ao tamanho das lesões, a maioria pertence ao grupo que variou entre 1 e 2 milímetros (63 por cento). As infecções constituíram a mais freqüente indicação para o uso do adesivo (50 por cento). Doze pacientes (54 por cento) não necessitaram transplante ou "patch" de córnea. Dos 22 olhos estudados, onze (50 por cento) necessitaram de apenas uma aplicação do adesivo. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, o cianoacrilato mostrou-se seguro e de grande utilidade na manutenção da integridade ocular em casos de afinamentos e perfurações corneais.

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Objetivo: Determinar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a transplante penetrante de córnea por meio do teste VF-14 e correlacioná-la com a acuidade visual (AV) pós-operatória. Método: Cinquenta e oito pacientes submetidos a transplante penetrante de córnea (mínimo de 1 ano após a operaçäo) foram avaliados por meio do teste VF-14. Informações sobre o exame oftalmológico foram coletadas dos prontuários. A análise estatística utilizada foi a regressäo linear e t de Student. Resultado: A média das pontuaçöes do VF-14 foi 69,3. As maiores pontuaçöes obtidas foram para atividades como cozinhar (90,9), jogar (baralho, dominó) (88,0) e realizaçäo de trabalhos manuais (83,9). As menores, por sua vez, foram para dirigir veículos motorizados (à noite, 22,5 e durante o dia, 40,9). Os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos (p<0,01) e a regressäo linear mostrou fraca correlaçäo entre as pontuaçöes obtidas e as AV pós-operatórias (r=0,41). Conclusäo: A correlaçäo entre a qualidade de vida e a acuidade visual pós-operatória mostrou-se fraca. Sugerimos modificaçöes neste questionário, de modo a incluir atividades mais condizentes com o dia-a-dia de nossos pacientes.

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Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a freqüência e características das alteraçöes oculares em pacientes portadores de esclerose múltipla (EM), no estado de Säo Paulo. Métodos: Durante o período de março de 1996 a novembro de 1998, 64 pacientes, 48 mulheres e 16 homens com idades entre 17 e 59 anos, portadores de EM foram submetidos a exame ocular e exame de campimetria computadorizada.Resultados: Dos 64 pacientes examinados, 44 (68,75 porcento) apresentaram alguma manifestaçäo ocular. A manifestaçäo ocular mais freqüente foi a neurite óptica, acometendo 28 (43,75 porcento) dos pacientes. Em 18 casos (28,1 porcento) foi o primeiro sintoma da doença. Alteraçöes da motilidade extrínseca ocular foram a segunda manifestaçäo mais freqüentemente observadas. A diplopia acometeu 8 pacientes (12,5 porcento) sendo em 6 (9,37 porcento), a primeira manifestaçäo da doença. A paralisia do reto lateral acometeu 2 pacientes (3,1 porcento), sendo o estrabismo convergente o primeiro sinal da doença. Outras alteraçöes observadas foram: uveítes em 4 pacientes (6,25 porcento) e alteraçäo do relevo iriano com pigmentaçäo da cápsula anterior do cristalino em 3 pacientes (4,6 porcento). Nenhum paciente apresentou nistagmo. O defeito de campo visual mais comumente observado nos pacientes que desenvolveram neurite óptica foi escotoma arqueado com defeito paracentral em 46,4 porcento dos pacientes. Dois pacientes (7,1 porcento) apresentaram escotoma central e alteraçöes periféricas. Conclusöes: Alteraçöes oculares säo freqüentes na EM e muitas vezes säo a primeira manifestaçäo clínica da doença. Embora a neurite óptica tenha sido o achado mais freqüente, devemos ressaltar a possibilidade de outras alteraçöes oculares precederem ou acompanharem o curso da doença

Assuntos