RESUMO
Massive exploitation of freshwater systems for hydropower generation in developing countries is challenging sustainability due to cumulative environmental impacts in regions with high endemism. Habitat fragmentation is recognized as a major impact on river ecosystems. The nature and magnitude of connectivity loss depend on characteristics of the hydropower projects, and of the threatened fish communities. In areas where appropriate mitigation technology is lacking, there is a need to identify the fish species that are most at risk to better concentrate efforts. This paper aimed to set conservation priorities for sustainable hydropower development by analyzing native fish species and project characteristics. The Chilean ichthyogeographic province, an ecoregion with high endemism and massive hydropower projects development, has been considered as a case study. By using overlapping information on the characteristics of 1124 hydropower projects and distribution of native fish species, we identified three project categories of projects based on their need for mitigation. These were projects where mitigation was considered: a) not required (15%), b) required and feasible (35%), and c) required but challenging (50%). Projects where mitigation was not required were located at sites where native fish were absent and/or where water intakes allowed fish to pass. Interestingly, projects where mitigation was feasible were inhabited by a species assemblage that comprised the genus Trichomycterus, Diplomystes and Percilia, and the species Ch. pisciculus and B. maldonadoi. This finding emphasizes the need to develop a multispecific fishway that can accommodate this group. Projects where mitigation would be difficult to achieve were located at sites with a variety of different assemblages, thus making a standard fish pass solution challenging and site-specific. This study advances understanding for the need to develop mitigation strategies and technologies in ecoregions of high endemism threatened by hydropower and to prioritize the construction of planned projects.
Assuntos
Centrais Elétricas , Animais , Biodiversidade , Chile , Peixes , RiosRESUMO
Se presenta un caso clínico de dermatitis alérgica de contacto por cromo (DACC) en un paciente con antecedentes de exposición laboral a bicromato de sodio corroborada por test epicutáneo. El caso presentado refleja las características clínicas, cronológicas y evolutivas descritas en la literatura internacional. La dermatits de contacto por cromo es una causa muy frecuente de dermatitis ocupacional aunque no se conoce la prevalencia de estos casos en nuestro país. El diagnóstico de dermatitis alérgica de contacto al cromo de tipo laboral tiene gran importancia por el pronóstico funcional y laboral en los trabajadores afectados. (AU)
Assuntos
INFORME DE CASO , Humanos , Adulto , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato , Dermatite Ocupacional , Cromo/efeitos adversos , Cromo/toxicidadeRESUMO
Se presenta un caso clínico de dermatitis alérgica de contacto por cromo (DACC) en un paciente con antecedentes de exposición laboral a bicromato de sodio corroborada por test epicutáneo. El caso presentado refleja las características clínicas, cronológicas y evolutivas descritas en la literatura internacional. La dermatits de contacto por cromo es una causa muy frecuente de dermatitis ocupacional aunque no se conoce la prevalencia de estos casos en nuestro país. El diagnóstico de dermatitis alérgica de contacto al cromo de tipo laboral tiene gran importancia por el pronóstico funcional y laboral en los trabajadores afectados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Cromo , Dermatite Ocupacional , Dermatite Alérgica de ContatoRESUMO
Con el fin de llegar al médico general y al emergencista, hemos llevado a cabo una revisón de la intoxicación por los plaguicidas organoclorados. Estos agroquímicos se encuentran difundidos en el medio ambiente, debido a su baja biodegradabilidad, encontrandose residuos en el hombre. Debido a su existencia en el mercado comercial, son causa de intoxicación aguda. De acuerdo con la experiencia adquirida en el Centro de Información y Asesoramiento Toxicológico, llevamos a cabo esta revisión detallando el cuadro clínico e insistiendo en determinadas medidas terapéuticas(AU)
RESUMO
Poisoning by plants has different traits in each country, according to geographical, botanical and also socio-cultural characteristics. The incidence of "plant calls" to the Poison Control Center in Uruguay is not very high, but it is due usually to symptomatic cases affecting children. Plant poisoning in adults is less frequent, being due to home-made medicine, and, in women, to the popular belief in the abortive quality of some plants. Suicide attempts are rare. The different species that cause consultations, and the clinical characteristics are briefly analyzed, as well as the problems that a Poison Control Center usually has to face in poisoning by plants.