RESUMO
Phlebotomine sand flies are critical vectors of Leishmania parasites, impacting public health significantly. This study focused on assessing the diversity of sand flies in a rural area of El Carmen de Bolívar Municipality, northern Colombia, employing rarefaction curves and Hill numbers to understand potential vector communities and inform environmental management. From January 2018 to April 2019 (five samplings), sand flies were collected using CDC light traps with blue LED in domestic/peridomestic/sylvatic ecotopes, identifying species per Young and Duncan (1994) and Galati (2003). Hill numbers provided diversity estimates across samples, while Principal Component Analysis correlated with environmental factors with phlebotomine species presence and abundance. 8,784 phlebotomine individuals were collected; 56.4 % females and 43.6% males (ratio 3:2). These individuals belonged to eight species: Pintomyia evansi, Psychodopygus panamensis, Lutzomyia gomezi, Micropygomyia cayennensis, Evandromyia dubitans, Psathyromyia aclydifera, Pintomyia serrana, and Pintomyia rangeliana; with Pi. evansi being the most abundant species (74.39 %; 6,530 exemplars). The ANOVA showed no significant differences between phlebotomine sand flies abundances across ecotopes (p = 0.018). Species of epidemiological relevance as Pi. evansi and Lu. gomezi not show a positive correlation with environmental variables evaluated, only Ps. panamensis was positively correlated with precipitation. However, the study emphasizes the need for a continuous sand fly monitoring and research to enhance leishmaniasis control strategies, highlighting the necessity to expand knowledge on phlebotomine diversity and environmental interactions to understand vector ecology and disease dynamics better.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Leishmania , Leishmaniose , Psychodidae , Animais , Colômbia , Psychodidae/classificação , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Leishmania/classificação , Leishmaniose/transmissão , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
RESUMEN Uno de los focos de leishmaniasis más importante de Colombia está en Los Montes de María, Departamento de Bolívar, específicamente en El Carmen de Bolívar. A la fecha están registradas 19 especies del género Lutzomyia, en este departamento, algunas con antecedentes como vectores de Leishmania spp. La presente nota informa la abundancia y la diversidad de la flebotominofauna en la zona rural de El Carmen de Bolívar. Mediante el uso de trampas CDC, se colectaron 1327 hembras del género Lutzomyia entre enero a noviembre de 2018: Lu. evansi (81 %), Lu. panamensis (15,5 %), Lu. gomezi (2,9 %), Lu. dubitans (0,15 %), Lu. aclydifera (0,07 %), Lu. c. cayennensis (0,07 %), Lu. rangeliana (0,07 %) y Lu. serrana (0,07 %). La mayor abundancia de flebotomíneos se presentó en noviembre y la menor en abril, coincidiendo con los meses de lluvia y sequía, respectivamente; mientras que en enero se presentó la mayor diversidad. En esta investigación sobresalen Lu. evansi, Lu. panamensis y Lu. gomezi por sus antecedentes como vectores de Leishmania en el Departamento de Bolívar y otras regiones del país. Se reporta por primera vez para el Caribe Colombiano la especie Lu. aclydifera, la cual deberá ser vigilada en cuanto a su capacidad vectorial para Leishmania.
ABSTRACT One of the most important leishmaniasis foci in Colombia is Los Montes de María, Department of Bolívar, specifically in El Carmen de Bolívar. To date, 19 species of Lutzomyia have been recognized in this department, some with antecedents as vectors of Leishmania spp. This note reports the abundance and diversity of the phlebotomine sandflies fauna in the rural area of El Carmen de Bolívar. Through the use of CDC traps, 1327 females of the genus Lutzomyia were collected between January to November 2018: Lu. evansi (81 %), Lu. panamensis (15.5 %), Lu. gomezi (2.9 %), Lu. dubitans (0.15 %), Lu. aclydifera (0.07 %), Lu. c. cayennensis (0.07 %), Lu. rangeliana (0.07 %) and Lu. serrana (0.07 %). The highest abundance of sandflies occurred in November and the lowest in April, which is consistent with the rainy and dry months, respectively; while in January there was the greatest diversity. In this research, stands out Lu. evansi, Lu. panamensis and Lu. gomezi for their antecedents as vectors of Leishmania in the Department of Bolívar and other regions of the country. We reported the species Lu. aclydifera for the first time for the Caribbean region, hence, this species should be monitored given its vector capacity for Leishmania.