RESUMO
Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) is a fruit tree with broad phytogeographic domain and suitable for different silvicultural systems in the tropics. The knowledge associated with the relative growth rate of species such as G. americana, provides important guidelines for the effective establishment and survival of seedlings after planting in the field. In this study we investigated differences in growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of seedlings originating from different mother plants of G. americana in southern Bahia, Brazil. For this, we evaluated fifteen variables associated with carbon balance at the whole plant and leaf scales of twelve G. americana progenies. All seedlings grew over a period of 198 days under similar microclimatic conditions with approximately 65% full sun. Our results showed significant differences in the relative growth rates (RGR), with the highest and lowest mean values being 29.0 and 38.0 mg g-1 day-1, respectively. Differences in RGR between G. americana progenies were highly related to differences in biomass allocation at both whole plant and leaf scales. From a practical point of view, we demonstrate that the selection of mother plants to produce seedlings with higher growth rates, and consequently greater establishment capacity in field plantings, can be made from evaluations of growth and biomass allocation variables at the whole plant scale.
Assuntos
Biomassa , Fotossíntese , Folhas de Planta , Rubiaceae , Plântula , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rubiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rubiaceae/fisiologia , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , BrasilRESUMO
Local adaptation is common in plant species, and knowing whether a population is locally adapted has fundamental and applied relevance. However, local adaptation in tropical plants remains largely less studied, and covering this gap is not simple since reciprocal transplantation - the gold standard for detecting local adaptation - is not feasible for most species. Here, we combined genetic, climatic and phenotypic data to investigate ecotypic differentiation, an important aspect of local adaptation, in coastal and inland populations of the orchid Epidendrum fulgens Brongn., a long-lived tropical plant for which reciprocal transplantation would not be feasible. We used nine microsatellite markers to estimate genetic divergence between inland and coastal populations. Moreover, occurrence data and climate data were used to test for differences in the realized niche of those populations. Finally, we assessed saturated water content, leaf specific area, height, and stomatal density in common garden and in situ to investigate the effects of ecotypic differentiation and plasticity on the phenotype. Coastal and inland groups' niches do not overlap, the former occupying a wetter and warmer area. However, this differentiation does not seem to be driven by ecotypic differentiation since there was no positive correlation between genetic structure and climate dissimilarity. Moreover, specific leaf area and leaf saturated water content, which are important phenotypic traits related to soil fertility and drought stress, were rather plastic. We conclude that ecotypic differentiation is absent, since phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism explaining the niche broadness of this species.
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BACKGROUND: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the prevalence of cases with olfactory loss, other respiratory viruses can also cause this condition. We aimed to compare the prevalence of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory viruses in patients with sudden smell loss, and to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and co-infection on olfactory symptoms. METHODS: Patients with sudden smell loss were recruited in a multicenter prospective cohort study in 15 hospitals in Brazil. Clinical questionnaire, Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) olfactory test and nasopharyngeal swab to perform a PCR-based respiratory viral panel were collected at first visit (day 0) and 30 and 60 days after recruitment. RESULTS: 188 of 213 patients presented positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, among which 65 were co-infected with other respiratory viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, enterovirus, and parainfluenza). 25 had negative test results for SARS-CoV-2. Patients in both SARSCoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 groups had objective anosmia (less than 2 points according to the psychophysical olfactory CCCRC) at day 0, with no significant difference between them. Both groups had significant smell scores improvement after 30 and 60 days, with no difference between them. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses, and SARS-CoV-2 viral load did not impact olfactory scores. CONCLUSION: Patients with sudden smell loss associated with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses had similar presentation, with most participants initiating with anosmia, and total or near total recovery after 60 days. SARS-CoV-2 viral load and co-infections with other respiratory viruses were not associated with poorer olfactory outcomes.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Coinfecção , Transtornos do Olfato , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/complicações , Anosmia/complicações , Anosmia/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Pandemias , Coinfecção/complicações , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Olfato/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Olfato/etiologia , OlfatoRESUMO
Diabetes is associated with a worse prognosis and a high risk of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to evaluate the main factors involved in the poor prognosis in diabetic patients. A total of 984 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were included in this study. Patients were first divided into type-2 diabetic (DM+) and non-diabetic (DM-) groups. The participants were analyzed based on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and on the Quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) to find the best prognostic risk score for our study. The DM+ and DM- groups were divided into non-severe and severe groups. Comparative and correlative analyses were used to identify the physiological parameters that could be employed for creating a potential risk indicator for DM+ COVID-19 patients. We found a poorer prognosis for the DM+ COVID-19 patients with a higher ICU admission rate, mechanical ventilation rate, vasopressor use, dialysis, and longer treatment times compared with the DM- group. DM+ COVID-19 patients had increased plasma glucose, lactate, age, urea, NEWS, and D-dimer levels, herein referred to as the GLAUND set, and worse prognosis and outcomes when compared with infected DM- patients. The NEWS score was a better indicator for assessing COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients than the q-SOFA score. In conclusion, diabetic COVID-19 patients should be assessed with the NEWS score and GLAUND set for determining their prognosis COVID-19 prognosis.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Sepse , COVID-19/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/diagnósticoRESUMO
Diabetes is associated with a worse prognosis and a high risk of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to evaluate the main factors involved in the poor prognosis in diabetic patients. A total of 984 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital were included in this study. Patients were first divided into type-2 diabetic (DM+) and non-diabetic (DM-) groups. The participants were analyzed based on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and on the Quick-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) to find the best prognostic risk score for our study. The DM+ and DM- groups were divided into non-severe and severe groups. Comparative and correlative analyses were used to identify the physiological parameters that could be employed for creating a potential risk indicator for DM+ COVID-19 patients. We found a poorer prognosis for the DM+ COVID-19 patients with a higher ICU admission rate, mechanical ventilation rate, vasopressor use, dialysis, and longer treatment times compared with the DM- group. DM+ COVID-19 patients had increased plasma glucose, lactate, age, urea, NEWS, and D-dimer levels, herein referred to as the GLAUND set, and worse prognosis and outcomes when compared with infected DM- patients. The NEWS score was a better indicator for assessing COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients than the q-SOFA score. In conclusion, diabetic COVID-19 patients should be assessed with the NEWS score and GLAUND set for determining their prognosis COVID-19 prognosis.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate different supplementation strategies concentrated to F1 Holstein x Zebu lactating cows managed in deferred signal grass pasture on the yield and composition of milk and body weight gain. Thirty six F1 Holstein x Zebu cows with an average lactation period of 267 ± 10 days, mean body weight of 548 ± 19kg were used following a completely randomized design in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, being four feeding strategies and five days under evaluation. The treatments consisted of four nutritional strategies: deferred pasture as a source of roughage without supplementation (PDSS); deferred pasture as a source of roughage with protein supplement offer (PDCS); deferred pasture supplemented with 15 kilos of corn silage (natural base) + 1,200 grams of protein supplement (PDSP) and corn silage (ad libitum) + 700 grams of protein supplement (SMP). There was no interaction (P> 0.05) between the nutritional plans and days under evaluation for any of the variables. It was found that cows fed SMP showed milk production 26.06% higher than the other nutritional plans (mean of 11.46kg/day). F1 Holstein/Zebu cows handled in deferred pasture in a traditional way supplemented with protein maintains milk yield.(AU)
Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes planos nutricionais para vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu mantidas em pasto diferido de capim-braquiária sobre a produção e a composição do leite e no ganho em peso corporal. Foram utilizadas 36 vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu com período médio de lactação de 267 ± 10 dias, peso corporal médio de 548 ± 19kg, seguindo o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sendo quatro estratégias de alimentação e cinco dias em avaliação. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro planos nutricionais: pasto diferida como fonte de forragem sem suplementação (PDSS); pastagem diferida como fonte de forragem com oferta de suplemento de proteico (PDCS); pasto diferido suplementado com 15 quilos de silagem de milho (base natural) + 1.200 gramas de suplemento proteico (PDSP) e silagem de milho (ad libitum) + 700 gramas de suplemento de proteína (SMP). Verificou-se que as vacas alimentadas com SMP apresentaram produção de leite 26,06% superior aos demais planos nutricionais (média de 11,46kg/dia). Vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu tratadas em pastagem diferida de maneira tradicional, suplementada com proteína, mantêm o rendimento de leite.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Brachiaria , Leite/química , Ração Animal/análise , Pastagens/análiseRESUMO
One of the main obstacles to studying the pathophysiology of lymphedema development is the lack of appropriate experimental models. Fol-lowing up on a mouse-tail method that has been described, we performed changes to the method which made it easier to perform in our hands and demonstrated similar results. Twenty C57Black mice were operated on using the previous tech-nique and euthanized after 3 or 6 weeks. Another twenty mice were submitted to the new technique developed in our laboratory and euthanized at the same time points. Tissue samples were collected from the proximal part of the tail (control) and from the distal part (lymphedema) for both mod-els. Animals in both operative groups developed marked edema in the distal part of the tail. This was characterized by lymph vessels dilation, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and adipose tissue deposition. Lymphedema was detected after 3 weeks in both models, reaching its maximum after 6 weeks. Adipocytes detected by histology (Oil red O staining) and molecular markers for adipogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and inflam-mation (lipin 1 and 2, SLP76, and F4-80) were demonstrated to be increased equally in both models. In conclusion, both models provide a reliable method to study lymphedema pathophys-iology. However, our modified technique is easier and faster to perform while still providing reliable and consistent results.
Assuntos
Adipogenia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação/patologia , Linfangiogênese , Vasos Linfáticos/patologia , Cauda/patologia , Animais , Inflamação/cirurgia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Cauda/cirurgiaRESUMO
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVES: Most antineoplastic drugs are highly toxic and have low therapeutic indexes, which can result in drug-related problems. In this context, pharmacist interventions may play an important role in the success of the treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of pharmacist interventions on adult outpatients with cancer using antineoplastic drugs. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed, ISI Web of Science and LILACS databases from January 1990 to April 2016, using MeSH terms or text words related to pharmacist interventions, cancer and outpatient care. Studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish on the effects of pharmacist interventions in outcome measures in adult outpatients with cancer were included. Two independent authors performed study selection and data extraction with a consensus process. The articles were analysed according to previously established criteria, such as country, study design, setting, population, type of cancer, description of the intervention and control groups, outcomes, main conclusions and study limitations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 874 records were identified, of which 11 satisfied the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted mainly in the United States and included patients aged >50 years. Most studies had a before-after design. Pharmacist interventions primarily included educating and counselling patients on the management of adverse events. Rates of nausea and vomiting control, medication adherence and patient satisfaction were the most common outcome measures; a significant benefit in these parameters as a result of pharmacist interventions was noted in most studies. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The findings from this systematic review indicate that pharmacist interventions can improve outcome measures in outpatients with cancer. However, the collective quality of the studies was poor and gaps identified indicate that further research is needed to provide more robust results.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacêuticos/organização & administração , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/organização & administração , Humanos , Adesão à Medicação , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Satisfação do Paciente , Papel ProfissionalRESUMO
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Given the increasing healthcare costs and the recent introduction of novel agents in the treatment for multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable haematologic malignancy, more efficient use of existing resources is fundamental. The objective of this study was to systematically review economic evaluations of the use of novel agents in MM and assess their reporting quality. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry and the National Health Services Economic Evaluation Database for economic evaluations up to June 2015. The search strategy included Medical Subject Headings terms or text words related to MM, economic evaluations and drugs. Full economic evaluations of bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide in patients with MM that were published in English, Portuguese or Spanish were included. Two independent authors performed study selection, data extraction and quality assessment using 24 items from the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 132 potentially relevant records identified, eight satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies were cost-effectiveness analyses combined with cost-utility analyses (n = 6) from the public payer perspective (n = 4) and were performed in Europe (n = 6) on patients with refractory or relapsed MM (n = 5). All studies were based on economic models, with four of them using discrete event simulation. We found bortezomib-based therapies to be one of the more commonly selected treatment strategies for comparison (n = 7). Overall, the intervention was more effective and costlier than the alternative strategy (average of $54 630 per life year; $68 261 per quality-adjusted life year-QALY). The CHEERS' total score was 14·6 (SD = 2·6) with the most frequent problems being the lack of precision measures for all model parameters, no evaluation of heterogeneity of the results by subgroup analyses and no description of the role the funder in the identification, design, conduct and reporting of the analysis. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Most analyses of the novel therapeutic agents determined that they were cost-effective in MM at a threshold of up to $100 000/QALY. Nevertheless, the poor reporting quality of the economic studies requires improvement to ensure greater transparency.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/economia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloma Múltiplo/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício/economia , Europa (Continente) , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Econômicos , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Breast cancer is a prevalent neoplastic disease among women worldwide which treatments still present several side effects and resistance. Considering that cancer cells present derangements in their energetic homeostasis, and that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gamma coactivator 1 (PGC-1) is crucial for cellular metabolism and redox signaling, the main objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between PGC-1 expression, the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the mechanisms involved. We initially assessed PGC-1ß expression in complementary DNA (cDNA) from breast tumor of patients bearing luminal A, luminal B, and HER2-overexpressed and triple negative tumors. Our data showed that PGC-1ß expression is increased in patients bearing HER2-overexpressing tumors as compared to others subtypes. Using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, we showed that breast cancer cells with HER2-amplification (SKBR-3) have greater expression of PGC-1ß as compared to a non-tumorous breast cell (MCF-10A) and higher proliferation rate. PGC-1ß expression was knocked down with short interfering RNA in HER2-overexpressing cells, and cells decreased proliferation. In these PGC-1ß-inhibited cells, we found increased citrate synthase activity and no marked changes in mitochondrial respiration. Glycolytic pathway was decreased, characterized by lower intracellular lactate levels. In addition, after PGC-1ß knockdown, SKBR-3 cells showed increased reactive oxygen species production, no changes in antioxidant activity, and decreased expression of ERRα, a modulator of metabolism. In conclusion, we show an association of HER2-overexpression and PGC-1ß. PGC-1ß knockdown impairs HER2-overexpressing cells proliferation acting on ERRα signaling, metabolism, and redox balance.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes erbB-2 , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Oxirredução , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular/genética , Feminino , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Receptores de Estrogênio/genética , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Carga Tumoral , Receptor ERRalfa Relacionado ao EstrogênioRESUMO
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway controls the inflammatory response and nonreflexive consciousness through bidirectional communication between the brain and immune system. Moreover, brain acetylcholinesterase activity may have a role in regulating the vagus nerve in this pathway. Thus, we analyzed the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the inflammatory response 15 days after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Balb/c mice were pretreated with or without donepezil (5 mg/kg/day, orally) 7 days before CLP, and mice homozygous for vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) knockdown (KD) were subjected to CLP. All animals were sacrificed 15 days after CLP, and the plasma, spleen, and hippocampus were collected. Characterization of splenic lymphocytes and cytokine levels in the plasma, spleen, and hippocampus was determined. Our results showed a splenomegaly in group CLP. The numbers of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, and Th17 cells differed between mice subjected to CLP and to sham operation in both untreated and donepezil-treated groups. In VAChT-KD mice, CLP resulted in decreased cytotoxic and helper T cells and increased in Th17 cells compared with the sham. Additionally, in VAChT-KD mice, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α, were increased following CLP. Thus, we concluded that ACh affected the inflammatory response at 15 days after CLP since stimulation of cholinergic transmission increased the proliferation of lymphocytes, including regulatory T cells, in association with a lower inflammatory profile and VAChT-KD decreased the number of lymphocytes and increased inflammation.
Assuntos
Acetilcolina/farmacologia , Ceco/patologia , Inflamação/complicações , Inflamação/patologia , Punções , Sepse/complicações , Sepse/patologia , Animais , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Ligadura , Linfócitos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho do Órgão , Baço/patologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Septic encephalopathy represents the most frequently observed form of encephalopathy in intensive care units. Interactions between the immune and nervous systems have been observed in experimental sepsis. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to characterize the effect of different severities of sepsis on encephalopathy and the inflammatory profile of the spleen. We hypothesized that different grades of sepsis severity would lead to variations in encephalopathy and activation of spleen cells. We induced sepsis of different severities in Balb/c mice by cecal ligature and puncture (CLP). Six and 12 h after CLP induction, behavioral impairment was assessed by the SmithKline/Harwell/Imperial College/Royal Hospital/Phenotype Assessment (SHIRPA) test. The animals were then killed, and the plasma, spleen, and hippocampus were removed. Levels of the encephalopathy marker S100ß were measured in plasma. Spleens were weighed and then a characterization of splenic lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry (cytotoxic T lymphocyte, T helper lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, T regulatory cells, and Th17 cells). Cytokine levels in the spleen and hippocampus were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytokine levels in plasma were performed with MilliPlex® technology. Our results showed that behavioral impairment as measured by the SHIRPA test and elevation in plasma S100ß levels were significant in moderate and severe CLP groups compared to those in the sham control group. Regarding immunological alterations, we were unable to observe changes in the weights of the spleen and the profile of lymphocytes 6 h after CLP. However, several cytokines, including IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ß, were increased in spleen and plasma. In conclusion, we observed variations in encephalopathy as measured by plasma S100ß, which were mediated by the severity of sepsis; however, we did not observe a different activation of spleen cells 6 h post-CLP, despite evidence of inflammation. Taken together, our data indicate that the severity of sepsis impacts the brain in absence of a change in the spleen lymphocyte profile.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/patologia , Ceco/patologia , Linfócitos/patologia , Punções , Sepse/etiologia , Baço/patologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Encefalopatias/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patologia , Ligadura , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Tamanho do Órgão , Subunidade beta da Proteína Ligante de Cálcio S100/sangue , Sepse/sangue , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
RESUMO O uso de espécies vegetais para curar doenças e sintomas remonta ao início da civilização. Em várias culturas produtos botânicos eram empregados para essa finalidade. No Brasil, sob influência das interações culturais entre índios, negros e portugueses, essa relação homem-natureza permitiu a disseminação da sabedoria herdada em relação ao uso e cultivo de diversas espécies vegetais. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento das plantas medicinais indicadas pelos índios da etnia Kantaruré, aldeia Baixa das Pedras com ação antiparasitária. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze pessoas, pertencentes a uma população de 150 indígenas, selecionadas pela técnica da bola de neve, reconhecidas pela comunidade como maiores detentores do conhecimento sobre a realidade local e sobre plantas. Os resultados indicam que doze espécies são utilizadas na medicina tradicional local com ação antiparasitária, podendo destacar a caçatinga (Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), hortelã miúdo (Mentha piperita L.) e babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.) como as mais indicadas. As plantas citadas pertencem à vegetação nativa, sendo que as espécies cultivadas são encontradas principalmente nos quintais, nas proximidades das residências e em locais de cultivo próprio. Os dados levantados nesta pesquisa evidenciam a importância terapêutica, cultural e histórica do uso de espécies botânicas na prevenção e cura de enfermidades. A aldeia estudada depende diretamente dos recursos vegetais para as suas práticas de cura. Os resultados dessa pesquisa podem servir como base para bioprospecção bem como para seleção de espécies da caatinga para estudos futuros visando o seu uso e manejo sustentável.
ABSTRACT The use of plant species to cure diseases and symptoms dates back to the dawn of civilization. In various cultures, botanical products were employed for this purpose. In Brazil, influenced by cultural interactions between native indians, Africans, and the Portuguese, this man-nature relationship allowed the spread of inherited knowledge regarding the use and cultivation of various species of plants. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of medicinal plants with antiparasitic action indicated by the Kantaruré indians from the Baixa das Pedras village. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 people belonging to an indigenous population of 150, selected by the snowball technique, recognized by the community as the most knowledgeable on the local situation and plants. The results indicate that 12 species with antiparasitic action are used in traditional local medicine, with emphasis on the caçatinga (Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.) as the most suitable. These plants belong to the native vegetation, and the cultivated species are found mainly in backyards, near homes, and on cultivation sites. The data from this study demonstrate the therapeutic, cultural, and historical importance of the use of botanical species to prevent and cure diseases. The village studied depends directly on plant resources for their healing practices. The results of this study can serve as a basis for bioprospecting as well as for the selection of caatinga species in future studies toward its use and sustainable management.
Assuntos
Humanos , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Antiparasitários/análise , Etnobotânica/métodos , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
Metacercarias do gênero Austrodiplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) são frequentemente encontradas parasitando olhos de peixes de água doce devido a sua ampla distribuição geográfica e baixa especificidade. No entanto, a simples identificação morfológica de espécie não é aconselhável devido à alta similaridade interespecífica. Sabidamente os digenéticos utilizam-se dos peixes como hospedeiros intermediários, concluindo seu ciclo de vida geralmente em aves piscívoras. A parasitose ocular provoca alterações patológicas que afetam a visão do peixe, fazendo com que este fique mais tempo na superfície da coluna de água, facilitando, assim, sua predação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar a ocorrência de metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum sp. em 80% dos 10 espécimes de Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) coletados no reservatório de Bariri localizado no rio Tietê no Estado de São Paulo em Setembro de 2014 e identificados no Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária da FAEF em Garça. Os índices parasitários encontrados para estes peixes coletados foram: intensidade média, 15,25; abundância média 12,2 e amplitude 4-21. Na região de coleta foram encontrados muitos animais piscívoros que podem se alimentar de P. squamosissimus, mesmo esta espécie sendo exótica neste ambiente. Este registro parasitológico aumenta a distribuição geográfica do parasi
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A aquicultura é definida como a criação de organismos aquáticos. Atualmente, é uma atividade que vem se desenvolvendo, a cada ano, por ser uma alternativa de produção de alimentos, além das finalidades esportivas e de ornamentação. Entretanto, alguns parasitos que se alojam no tecido cutâneo do hospedeiro podem prejudicar o desempenho zootécnico do peixe bem como sua atratividade, podendo ocorrer alteração de coloração, inflamação e até escoriações no animal. Os protozoários ectoparasitos podem causar doenças quando condições nutricionais, limnológicas e zootécnicas da criação desfavorecem o equilíbrio provocando estresse aos peixes. Devido a isso, estudos sobre parasitofauna de peixes tornam-se importantes. O estudo realizado na Faculdade de Ensino Superior e Formação Integral FAEF analisou amostras de raspado cutâneo de 30 espécimes. Foram utilizados sete peixes de cada espécies sendo elas: Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846, Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachne, 1882), Astyanas spp (Linnaeus, 1758), Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel, 1840) e dois Leporinus friderici (Block, 1794) coletados em loja de aquarismo e as duas últimas espécies em ambiente natural no município de Garça - SP. Os peixes de cada espécie foram submetidos a raspagens da superfície corpórea, com exceção da cabeça, no sentido crânio-caudal e de ambos os lados do corpo. O material coletado foi depositado em lâm
RESUMO
Metacercarias do gênero Austrodiplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) são frequentemente encontradas parasitando olhos de peixes de água doce devido a sua ampla distribuição geográfica e baixa especificidade. No entanto, a simples identificação morfológica de espécie não é aconselhável devido à alta similaridade interespecífica. Sabidamente os digenéticos utilizam-se dos peixes como hospedeiros intermediários, concluindo seu ciclo de vida geralmente em aves piscívoras. A parasitose ocular provoca alterações patológicas que afetam a visão do peixe, fazendo com que este fique mais tempo na superfície da coluna de água, facilitando, assim, sua predação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar a ocorrência de metacercárias de Austrodiplostomum sp. em 80% dos 10 espécimes de Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) coletados no reservatório de Bariri localizado no rio Tietê no Estado de São Paulo em Setembro de 2014 e identificados no Laboratório de Parasitologia Veterinária da FAEF em Garça. Os índices parasitários encontrados para estes peixes coletados foram: intensidade média, 15,25; abundância média 12,2 e amplitude 4-21. Na região de coleta foram encontrados muitos animais piscívoros que podem se alimentar de P. squamosissimus, mesmo esta espécie sendo exótica neste ambiente. Este registro parasitológico aumenta a distribuição geográfica do parasi
RESUMO
Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de comparar as características de qualidade de ovos de consumo armazenados nos compartimentos da porta e nas prateleiras internas de refrigeradores de uso doméstico. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia dos Produtos de Origem Animal do Departamento de Tecnologia da FCAV/Unesp Jaboticabal. Foram coletados 96 ovos comerciais de casca vermelha e acondicionados em bandejas de polpa de celulose contendo 12 ovos cada, e armazenados em um refrigerador de uso doméstico a 10° C, durante 8 semanas. Metade dos ovos foram colocados nos compartimentos da porta, e a outra metade nas prateleiras internas superiores do refrigerador, e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 locais de armazenamento e 4 períodos de avaliação), com 12 repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de pH do albúmem e da gema, unidade Haugh, índice gema e coloração da gema (através de leque colorimétrico). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. De acordo com os resultados mostrados neste estudo, observou-se a eficácia em manter os ovos armazenados nos compartimentos internos dos refrigeradores, visto que a qualidade interna dos mesmos foram superiores. Tal procedimento foi capaz de minimizar as oscilações de temperatura a que os ovos ficam sujeitos com o abrir e fechar diário de refrigeradores domésticos.
This work compares the quality of eggs for consumption that were stored in the door compartments and on shelves inside domestic refrigerators. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Technology of Animal Products Technology Department FCAV / UNESP - Jaboticabal. Ninety-six commercial brown-shelled eggs were packed in cellulose pulp trays with 12 eggs each and stored in a domestic refrigerator at 10°C during 8 weeks. Half of the eggs were placed in the door compartments, and half on the internal shelves. They were distributed in a completely randomized design, 2 x 4 factorial (2 storage and 4 periods), with 12 repetitions. We evaluated the following characteristics: yolk and albumen pH, Haugh unit, yolk and albumen index, and yolk color (standard colorimetric scale range). Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. According to the results of this study, we concluded that storing the eggs on the internal shelves of refrigerators was more efficient, since their internal quality remained higher throughout the storing period. This procedure was able to minimize temperature variations that eggs are subject to with the daily "open and close" of domestic refrigerator doors.
Assuntos
Animais , Óvulo/classificação , Óvulo/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de comparar as características de qualidade de ovos de consumo armazenados nos compartimentos da porta e nas prateleiras internas de refrigeradores de uso doméstico. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia dos Produtos de Origem Animal do Departamento de Tecnologia da FCAV/Unesp – Jaboticabal. Foram coletados 96 ovos comerciais de casca vermelha e acondicionados em bandejas de polpa de celulose contendo 12 ovos cada, e armazenados em um refrigerador de uso doméstico a 10° C, durante 8 semanas. Metade dos ovos foram colocados nos compartimentos da porta, e a outra metade nas prateleiras internas superiores do refrigerador, e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 locais de armazenamento e 4 períodos de avaliação), com 12 repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de pH do albúmem e da gema, unidade Haugh, índice gema e coloração da gema (através de leque colorimétrico). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. De acordo com os resultados mostrados neste estudo, observou-se a eficácia em manter os ovos armazena
RESUMO
Este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de comparar as características de qualidade de ovos de consumo armazenados nos compartimentos da porta e nas prateleiras internas de refrigeradores de uso doméstico. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia dos Produtos de Origem Animal do Departamento de Tecnologia da FCAV/Unesp Jaboticabal. Foram coletados 96 ovos comerciais de casca vermelha e acondicionados em bandejas de polpa de celulose contendo 12 ovos cada, e armazenados em um refrigerador de uso doméstico a 10° C, durante 8 semanas. Metade dos ovos foram colocados nos compartimentos da porta, e a outra metade nas prateleiras internas superiores do refrigerador, e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 locais de armazenamento e 4 períodos de avaliação), com 12 repetições. Foram avaliadas as características de pH do albúmem e da gema, unidade Haugh, índice gema e coloração da gema (através de leque colorimétrico). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. De acordo com os resultados mostrados neste estudo, observou-se a eficácia em manter os ovos armazenados nos compartimentos internos dos refrigeradores, visto que a qualidade interna dos mesmos foram superiores. Tal procedimento foi capaz de minimizar as oscilações de temperatura a que os ovos ficam sujeitos com o abrir e fechar diário de refrigeradores domésticos.(AU)
This work compares the quality of eggs for consumption that were stored in the door compartments and on shelves inside domestic refrigerators. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Technology of Animal Products Technology Department FCAV / UNESP - Jaboticabal. Ninety-six commercial brown-shelled eggs were packed in cellulose pulp trays with 12 eggs each and stored in a domestic refrigerator at 10°C during 8 weeks. Half of the eggs were placed in the door compartments, and half on the internal shelves. They were distributed in a completely randomized design, 2 x 4 factorial (2 storage and 4 periods), with 12 repetitions. We evaluated the following characteristics: yolk and albumen pH, Haugh unit, yolk and albumen index, and yolk color (standard colorimetric scale range). Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. According to the results of this study, we concluded that storing the eggs on the internal shelves of refrigerators was more efficient, since their internal quality remained higher throughout the storing period. This procedure was able to minimize temperature variations that eggs are subject to with the daily "open and close" of domestic refrigerator doors.(AU)