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Resumen Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre la sobreexposición al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) con la percepción sobre estilos de vida saludable y la salud mental, antes y durante la pandemia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con abordaje cuantitativo, de tipo cohorte retrospectivo, realizado en estudiantes de tres preparatorias ubicadas en el golfo de México que aceptaron participar, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario en línea Google Forms. Para analizar los resultados se utilizó estadística descriptiva como medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión, además se usaron técnicas estadísticas con muestras relacionadas para precisar cambios presentados antes y durante la pandemia; se calculó la razón de momios y sus intervalos de confianza al 95% para identificar la asociación entre la sobreexposición al uso de las TIC, con estilos de vida saludable y salud mental relacionados. Resultados: Participaron 432 estudiantes, la mayoría del sexo femenino (66.7%), del segundo semestre (62.7%), de entre 15 años (39.4%) y 16 años (35.6%). Con respecto al uso de las TIC, se encuentra que a la pandemia más del 50% de las respuestas obtenidas reflejaban un uso normal, sin embargo, durante el uso de los diversos dispositivos incrementó, con relación a la asociación entre la sobreexposición al uso de las TIC y la salud mental; para el caso de la depresión se encontró que antes de la pandemia los estudiantes tenían casi 2.9 veces posibilidades de presentar depresión si habían tenido sobrexposición al uso de las TIC, estas posibilidades se incrementaron casi 7.2 veces durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, la sobrexposición al uso de las TIC ha ocasionado cambios importantes en la salud mental de los adolescentes, sumados a los cambios propios de la etapa de desarrollo en que se encuentran.
Abstract Objective: We aimed to analyze the association between overexposure to the use of ICT with the perception on healthy lifestyles and mental health before and during the pandemic. Materials and methods: We conducted a quantitative and retrospective cohort study on students from 3 high schools, located in the Gulf of Mexico, who were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, such as measures of central tendency and dispersion, were used to analyze the results. Also, statistical techniques were used for related samples to specify changes occurred before and during the pandemic. The Odds Ratio and its 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify the association between overexposure to the use of ICT with healthy lifestyles and mental health. Results: 432 students were included in our study. Most of them were female (66.7%), (62.7%) were studying the second semester, aged 15 (39.4%) to 16 (35.6%) years. Regarding the use of ICT, we found that before the pandemic more than 50% of the responses pointed out a normal use, but during the pandemic the use of various devices increased. Concerning the association between overexposure to the use of ICT and mental health, in this case depression, we found that before the pandemic students had almost 2.9 times the chance of developing depression if they had been overexposure to the use of ICT. These possibilities increased almost 7.2 times during the pandemic. Conclusions: Further research is mandatory to explore the mental health of adolescents, since during the COVID-19 pandemic important changes occurred, including those changes inherent to the stage they are undergoing.
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Objectives: This study was aimed at describing the patterns of searches for information on the prevention and treatment of psychoactive drug use in Mexico, among both the general population and the personnel dedicated to the prevention and treatment of this type of substance use in Mexico. Methods: An exploratory cross-sectional quantitative study was performed with a validated online questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information, background information and self-reported internet search patterns on psychoactive substance use prevention. A chi-square test was used to identify differences between groups, and a classification tree was used to analyze the search patterns. The combinations of the search criteria with the search topics were entered into Google Trends to validate the information. Results: The participants (n = 544 adults) were mostly women (65%), 18-30 years of age and bachelor's degree holders (57%). A total of 32% were students, 59% searched the Internet for drug use prevention or treatment, and 12% professionally engaged in drug use prevention or treatment. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between the general population and professionals dedicated to drug dependency services. We identified six search patterns used in the decision-making process by people seeking information on drug prevention and treatment on the Internet. These patterns were graphically visualized with a classification tree, although, this method did not allow clear differentiation of patterns between groups. The search patterns were successfully validated with Google trends.
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This article examines comparative risk behaviors associated with methamphetamine use in a binational sample of women in the border cities of Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, California. Specifically, the study examined the differences and similarities in drug use and sexual risk behavior and the patterns of initiation to methamphetamine use. The binational pilot sample consisted of 70 adult women in Tijuana and 55 women in San Diego. Although there were important differences in the presentation of risk behavior and patterns of initiation between the two binational samples, women on both sides of the US-Mexico border also showed remarkable similarities in their risk profile. Results from this study suggest that despite significant cultural and socioeconomic differences between the study cities, certain specific substance abuse patterns (e.g., methamphetamine use) in border regions with an increasing demographic exchange and integration are emerging as an "equalizer" of risk, capable of dissolving context-based differentiating factors, and creating a more homogenous subpopulation of substance users.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/epidemiologia , Metanfetamina/efeitos adversos , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual/etnologia , Adulto , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Anfetaminas/etnologia , California/epidemiologia , Comparação Transcultural , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Projetos Piloto , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
This article reports a comprehensive national needs assessment of Latinos' access to HIV/AIDS prevention and education services in 14 cities throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with Latinos who were HIV-positive and at risk for HIV infection. The study explored risk behaviors, access to health care services, and exposure to HIV prevention messages. Differences in predictors of risk behaviors were noted by sex. For women, increased age, being married, foreign-born, and a U.S. resident, and having tested for HIV previously, were associated with reduced HIV/AIDS risk. Thematic analysis of qualitative findings revealed limited awareness of risk factors, and a need for culturally and linguistically appropriate, family-centered HIV/AIDS education incorporating Latino values. Findings were incorporated into culturally relevant brochures featuring vignettes and quotes. Brochures were distributed and evaluated by 71 community-based organizations (CBOs) in the U.S. and Latin America. Evaluators responded positively to the brochures, and Latino-serving organizations in 48 states now use them for HIV/AIDS prevention outreach and education.