RESUMO
Introducción. El consumo de alcohol daña la mayoría de los órganos y sistemas de nuestro organismo, con un efecto nocivo sobre la diabetes tipo 2. En nuestro país, el consumo de alcohol es tolerado y socialmente bien considerado, lo que provoca que una parte importante de la población tenga una ingesta excesiva de alcohol. Por tanto, quisimos evaluar el efecto de la ingesta excesiva de alcohol en la población trabajadora y su efecto sobre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal en 55.147 trabajadores españoles en el que se evaluó el efecto del consumo excesivo de alcohol sobre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. El riesgo de diabetes se evaluó con las escalas Findrisk y QDScore. El consumo de alcohol se evalúa con la unidad de bebida estándar, equivalente a 10 g de alcohol. Se considera consumo excesivo cuando se superan semanalmente 35 unidades de bebida estándar en hombres y 20 en mujeres. Resultados. El consumo excesivo de alcohol en comparación con no beber, beber poco o moderadamente aumenta el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 en ambas escalas de riesgo. La razón de probabilidades es 12,22 (IC 95 11,51-12,99) para la escala Findrisk y 13,36 (IC 95% 12,04-14,69) para el riesgo relativo con QDScore. Conclusión. El consumo excesivo de alcohol aumenta el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 con las escalas Findrisk y QDScore en la población laboral española
Introduction. Alcohol consumption damages most of the organs and systems of our organism, with a harmful effect on type 2 diabetes. In our country, alcohol consumption is tolerated and socially well regarded, which causes an important part of the population to have an excessive alcohol intake. Therefore, we want to evaluate the effect of excessive alcohol intake in the working population and its effect on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods. Descriptive and cross-sectional study in 55,147 Spanish workers in which the effect of excessive alcohol consumption on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was assessed. Diabetes risk was assessed with the Findrisk and QDScore scales. Alcohol consumption is assessed with the standard drinking unit, equivalent to 10g of alcohol. Excessive consumption is considered when 35 standard drinking unit in men and 20 in women are exceeded weekly. Results. Heavy drinking compared to no, low or moderate drinking increases the risk of type 2 diabetes on both risk scales. The Odds ratio is 12.22 (CI 95 11.51-12.99) for the Findrisk scale and 13.36 (CI 95% 12.04-14.69) for the relative risk with QDScore. Conclusion. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes with the Findrisk and QDScore scales in the Spanish working population
Assuntos
Humanos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/complicações , Categorias de TrabalhadoresRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Describir, interpretar y analizar los sentimientos de las personas con diabetes en el transcurrir de su enfermedad. Método: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico; se realizó en el Hospital Chepén (La Libertad, Perú) a 10 personas entre 50 y 70 años, determinado por la saturación del discurso y que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron recolectados con entrevista a profundidad. Se consideran tres momentos: descripción, reducción y comprensión, que incluye el análisis ideográfico y nomotético hasta llegar a generalidades. Resultados: Se generaron cuatro unidades de significado principales de acuerdo al mayor número de convergencias: sufrimiento, miedo, resignación y fe en Dios, que se agruparon en dos grandes unidades: "viviendo con sufrimiento y miedo para aceptar mi enfermedad" y" teniendo resignación y fe en Dios para aprender a vivir con mi enfermedad". También expresaron cólera, soledad, autoconfianza, desesperanza, culpabilidad, negación, sensibilidad, envidia y alegría, que indican la develación y comprensión del fenómeno vivenciado por las personas con diabetes. Conclusiones: En la convivencia con una enfermedad crónica todos enfrentan el duelo como proceso natural necesario, que causa principalmente sufrimiento, miedo que culmina con la aceptación, pero cuando dicho proceso no es satisfactorio se opta por la resignación; de ahí la importancia para enfermería de tomar en cuenta el universo emocional del paciente para comprenderlo, poniéndose en su lugar y ayudarlo a que aprenda a vivir con su enfermedad y mejorar su calidad de vida.
Abstract Objective: To describe, interpret and analyze the feelings of people with diabetes in the course of their illness. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological study was conducted at the Chepén Hospital (La Libertad, Peru), on 10 people between 50 and 70 years old, determined by speech saturation and who met the inclusion criteria. The data collected was with an in-depth interview. Three moments are considered: description, reduction and comprehension that includes the ideographic and nomothetic analysis reaching generalities. Results: four main units of meanings were generated according to the greatest number of convergences: suffering, fear, resignation and faith in God, which were grouped into two main units of meanings: "living with suffering and fear to accept my illness" and "having resignation and faith in God to learn to live with my disease". They also expressed anger, loneliness, self-confidence, hopelessness, guilt, denial, sensitivity, envy and joy, indicating the unveiling and understanding of the phenomenon experienced by people with diabetes. Conclusions: In cohabitation with a chronic illness, all face bereavement as a necessary natural process, which causes mainly suffering, fear that culminates with acceptance, but when this process is not satisfactory the person chooses resignation, hence the importance for nursing take into account the emotional universe of the patient to understand it, putting themselves in his place and helping him to learn to live with his illness and improve his quality of life.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes are a family of intracellular enzymes that participate in cellular detoxification, differentiation and drug resistance through the oxidation of cellular aldehydes. The isoform 1 (ALDH1) has been proved useful for the identification of cancer stem cells. The ALDH1 cytoplasmatic expression has been associated with poor prognostis in several tumours, such as non-small cell lung cancer. The role of the ALDH1 nuclear expression remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a historical cohort study in 89 patients diagnosed of stage I non-small cell lung cancer treated with surgery between 2009 and 2004 in the Thoracic Surgery Department in the Universitary Hospital Puerta de Hierro. We selected from this sample those cases with nuclear expression of the ALDH1. RESULTS: Three of the 89 (3.3 %) patients showed a nuclear expression of the ALDH1. The three of them are still alive with a median time of follow up of 73 months (more than 6 years). CONCLUSION: We have identified ALDH1 as a nuclear protein in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. It might have a function in cell cycle control, associating a better prognosis to these patients. More studies are necessary to clarify the role of nuclear expression of ALDH1.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/enzimologia , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/enzimologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/enzimologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimologia , Núcleo Celular/enzimologia , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/enzimologia , Retinal Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Família Aldeído Desidrogenase 1 , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in both sexes and the most frequent in the developed countries, if men and women are considered together as a group. It has an important associated morbidity and mortality in all countries and constitutes a public health problem with a high direct and indirect economic cost. The number of workdays lost due to temporary disability (TD) is one of the quantifiable references of these indirect costs. AIMS: To determine the indirect cost associated with TD due to colorectal cancer in Spain during the year 2011, a cost that aids in the prevention cost/benefit estimation. METHODS: The number of TD processes, the number of workdays lost due to TD, and the mean duration of those processes, based on the CIE 9-MC codes related to this pathology, as well as the calculated cost, using the Spanish minimum wage as a reference, during the period of January to December 2011, were all reviewed. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer in Spain during 2011 represented 1,046 TD processes, 202,784 workdays lost, and a mean process duration of 194 days/year. The resulting cost of the pathology due to TD was 4,335,521.92 euros. CONCLUSIONS: These results are beneficial for evaluating the usefulness of implementing public health support strategies for a greater reduction in colorectal cancer prevalence and mortality, and an improvement in quality of life of the affected individuals and their families, together with an economic savings resulting from a reduction in TD as a consequence of this disease.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/economia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Saúde Ocupacional , Licença Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. 15 % of all patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at an early stage, and surgery is the treatment of choice for them. 40 % of all patients survive more than 5 years after surgery, and most of them die as a result of systemic disease. Half of all recurrences are diagnosed within the first 24 months after curative treatment, and 90 % in the first 5 years. Despite this, it is not standardized who should do the monitoring, what additional tests are needed and how often should they be performed. We present here a review on the various recommendations in clinical guidelines.