RESUMO
AIMS: To establish if tetradecyltrimethylammonium (TDTMA) might be degraded by pure culture of Pseudomonas strains, and how the presence of a Lewis' acid in the medium influences its biodegradability. METHODS AND RESULTS: From different strains of Pseudomonas screened, only Pseudomonas putida A ATCC 12633 grows with 50 mg l(-1) of TDTMA as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. A monooxygenase activity catalyzed the initial step of the biodegradation. The trimethylamine (TMA) produced was used as nitrogen source or accumulated inside the cell. To decrease the intracellular TMA, the culture was divided, and 0.1 mmol l(-1) AlCl(3) added. In this way, the growth and TDTMA consumption increased. The internal concentration of TMA, determined using the fluorochrome Morin, decreased by the formation of Al(3+) : TMA complex. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas putida utilized TDTMA as its sole carbon and nitrogen source. The TMA produced in the initial step of the biodegradation by a monooxygenase activity was used as nitrogen source or accumulated inside the cell, affecting the bacterial growth. This effect was alleviated by the addition of AlCl(3). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of Lewis' acids to sequester intracellular amines offers an alternative to achieve an efficient utilization of TDTMA by Ps. putida.
Assuntos
Microbiologia Ambiental , Pseudomonas putida/metabolismo , Tensoativos , Compostos de Trimetil Amônio , Alumínio/farmacologia , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Biodegradação Ambiental , Cátions , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Metilaminas/análise , Metilaminas/metabolismo , Especificidade da Espécie , Tensoativos/análise , Compostos de Trimetil Amônio/análiseAssuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Trabalho de Parto , Analgesia , Meperidina , Morfinanos , Injeções IntramuscularesRESUMO
Weight, stature, arm circumference, and the triceps skinfold were measured in 1,410 school children, 6 through 14 years of age, from two urban colonies in the city of Oaxaca de Juarez (n = 479), and from two rural Ladino (n = 467) and two rural Zapotec (n = 464) communities in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Children from rural Ladino communities and urban colonies are significantly taller, heavier, and more muscular than children in rural Zapotec communities. The differences between rural Ladino and urban colonia children favor the former, particularly for weight and stature. These observations thus suggest 1) that children in the rural, indigenous communities in the Valley of Oaxaca are relatively undernourished compared to children in Ladinoized and urban communities, and 2) that rural-to-urban migration does not necessarily result in improved growth status.
Assuntos
Crescimento , Indígenas Norte-Americanos , População Rural , População Urbana , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Fatores Sexuais , Dobras Cutâneas , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Weight, stature, arm circumference, and the triceps skinfold were measured in 1,410 school children, 6 through 14 years of age, from two urban colonias in the city of Oaxaca de Juarez (n = 479), and from two rural Ladino (n = 467) and two rural Zapotec (n = 464) communities in the Valley of Oaxaca in southern Mexico. Children from rural Ladino communities and urban colonias are significantly taller, heavier, and more muscular than children in rural Zapotec communities. The differences between rural Ladino and urban colonia children favor the former, particularly for weight and stature. These observations thus suggest 1) that children in the rural, indigenous communities in the Valley of Oaxaca are relatively undernourished compared to children in Ladinoized and urban communities, and 2) that rural-to-urban migration does not necessarily result in improved growth status.
Assuntos
Crescimento , Adolescente , Antropometria , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Distúrbios Nutricionais/fisiopatologia , População Rural , Dobras Cutâneas , População UrbanaRESUMO
Status quo menarcheal information was collected for a mixed urban colonia and rural sample of 315 girls in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Comparative status quo data for girls from four major urban centres in Mexico, and for a rural sample were also analysed. Median age at menarche (estimated by probit analysis) for Oaxaca girls was 14.27 +/- 0.20 years, about 0.5 year later than that for the rural sample from Tampico-Altamira, Tamaulipas (13.79 +/- 0.20 years), and approximately 1.5 years later than that for girls from the four urban centres in Mexico (12.55 +/- 0.10, 12.61 +/- 0.08, 12.75 +/- 0.10, 12.76 +/- 0.07 years). The timing of menarche in Oaxaca girls is similar to that for rural Mayans in Guatemala. Ages at menarche for urban Mexican girls are somewhat lower than those for girls of North-west European ancestry and of North American girls of European ancestry.