RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify similarities and differences in oral health attitudes, behaviour and values among freshman dental students. DESIGN: Cross-cultural survey of dental students. SETTING: 18 cultural areas. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 904 first-year dental students completed the Hiroshima University-Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI) translated into their own languages. Individual areas were clustered by similarity in responses to the questions. RESULTS: The first group displayed an 'occidental-culture orientation' with the exception of Brazil (Cluster 1 comprised: Australia, United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium and Brazil, Cluster 2: Germany, Italy, Finland and France). The second group displayed an 'oriental-cultural orientation' with the exception of Greece and Israel (Cluster 3 comprised: China and Indonesia, and Cluster 4: Japan, Korea, Israel, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand and Greece). Australia and United Kingdom were the countries that were most alike. Ireland was the 'neighbour' to these countries. Greece and Malaysia had similar patterns of oral health behaviour although geographic conditions are very different. Although it was considered that in Hong Kong, occidental nations have affected the development of education, it remained in the oriental-culture group. Comparison with the data from the occidentals indicates that a higher percentage of the orientals put off going to the dentist until they have toothache (p < 0.001). Only a small proportion of the occidentals (8%) reported a perception of inevitability in having false teeth, whereas 33% of the orientals held this fatalistic belief (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Grouping the countries into key cultural orientations and international clusters yielded plausible results, using the HU-DBI.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Comparação Transcultural , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Estudantes de Odontologia , Ásia , Austrália , Brasil , Cultura , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Dentaduras/psicologia , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Higiene Bucal/psicologia , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Odontalgia/psicologiaRESUMO
We present the first direct measurements of the pion valence-quark momentum distribution which is related to the square of the pion light-cone wave function. The measurements were carried out using data on diffractive dissociation of 500 GeV/c pi(-) into dijets from a platinum target at Fermilab experiment E791. The results show that the /q&q> light-cone asymptotic wave function describes the data well for Q2 approximately 10 (GeV/c)(2) or more. We also measured the transverse momentum distribution of the diffractive dijets.
RESUMO
We have studied the diffractive dissociation into dijets of 500 GeV/c pions scattering coherently from carbon and platinum targets. Extrapolating to asymptotically high energies (where t(min)-->0), we find that when the per-nucleus cross section for this process is parametrized as sigma = sigma0Aalpha, alpha has values near 1.6, the exact result depending on jet transverse momentum. These values are in agreement with those predicted by theoretical calculations of color-transparency.