RESUMO
Field experiments were conducted on wheat to study the effects of foliar-applied iodine(I) alone, Zn (zinc) alone, and a micronutrient cocktail solution containing I, Zn, Se (selenium), and Fe (iron) on grain yield and grain concentrations of micronutrients. Plants were grown over 2 years in China, India, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, and Turkey. Grain-Zn was increased from 28.6 mg kg-1 to 46.0 mg-1 kg with Zn-spray and 47.1 mg-1 kg with micronutrient cocktail spray. Foliar-applied I and micronutrient cocktail increased grain I from 24 µg kg-1 to 361 µg kg-1 and 249 µg kg-1, respectively. Micronutrient cocktail also increased grain-Se from 90 µg kg-1 to 338 µg kg-1 in all countries. Average increase in grain-Fe by micronutrient cocktail solution was about 12%. The results obtained demonstrated that foliar application of a cocktail micronutrient solution represents an effective strategy to biofortify wheat simultaneously with Zn, I, Se and partly with Fe without yield trade-off in wheat.
Assuntos
Biofortificação/métodos , Produção Agrícola/métodos , Iodo/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Selênio/metabolismo , Triticum/metabolismo , Zinco/metabolismo , China , Fertilizantes/análise , Índia , Iodo/análise , Ferro/análise , México , Micronutrientes/análise , Micronutrientes/metabolismo , Paquistão , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Sementes/química , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/metabolismo , Selênio/análise , África do Sul , Triticum/química , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Turquia , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
We examined polymorphism of the TCTA tetranucleotide sequence in the 3rd intron of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene in the Han population of Ningxia Province in China. We also looked for a possible relationship between STR polymorphism in the 3rd intron of the HPRT gene and primary hyperuricemia. We used Chelex-100 to extract DNA, then PCR, PAGE and silver staining for allele genotyping and DNA sequencing to obtain the distribution of the alleles. We found, for the first time, that there is high STR polymorphism in the 3rd intron of the HPRT gene. We detected 5 STR alleles in this intron in the Han population of Ningxia Province, with 15 genotypes in females; significant differences were observed in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between control and patient groups for both males and females. Alleles of the TCTA repeat in the 3rd intron of the HPRT gene were found to be associated with primary hyperuricemia; consequently, these alleles may be considered risk factors for primary hyperuricemia.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Genética Populacional , Hiperuricemia/genética , Hipoxantina Fosforribosiltransferase/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Sequência de Bases , China , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Humanos , Íntrons , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Reelin is an extracellular signaling protein that plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system. Post-mortem studies have shown lower reelin protein levels in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder compared with controls. Genetic studies have also shown that mutations in the reelin gene (RELN) increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We evaluated whether an RELN gene variant, rs362719, which has been associated with increased susceptibility to bipolar disorder, is also associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. We included 405 Chinese Han schizophrenia patients and 390 controls in our study. The polymorphism was genotyped by PCR and RFLP methods. We found a significant difference in allele frequency distribution (P< 0.05) between schizophrenia patients and controls. The frequency of the A allele was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. The effect of SNP rs362719 on allele distribution was significant in female (P < 0.05) but not in male participants (P = 0.473). Besides the gender factor, demographic and clinical characteristics of the rs362719 genotype groups were also analyzed using the chi-square test, but no significant differences were found. We conclude that rs362719 of the RELN gene is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in Chinese Han, possibly through a gender-specific mechanism. Further studies will be needed to confirm this genetic risk factor for schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Moléculas de Adesão Celular Neuronais/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Serina Endopeptidases/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteína Reelina , Esquizofrenia/etnologiaRESUMO
To look for novel microsatellites in the dystrophin gene for the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, candidate microsatellite sites in the dystrophin gene were analyzed with the SSRHunter software and were also genotyped. Among the 15 candidate microsatellite sites, three novel microsatellite sites in the 60th, 30th, and 2nd intron were found to have a high degree of polymorphism. We submitted these three new loci to the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, under accession Nos. FN547040, FN547041 and FN557526, which were called DXSDMD-in60, DXSDMD-in30 and DXSDMD-in2, respectively. In these three loci, we found 9, 6 and 11 alleles, respectively, in the 205 individuals. In addition, we also detected 20, 19 and 20 genotypes for the three loci in female samples, with a polymorphism information content of more than 0.600. In conclusion, the three microsatellite sites in the intron region of the dystrophin gene have a high degree of polymorphism, and they can be used in population genetics, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for genetic diagnosis and elucidation of molecular mechanisms in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.