RESUMO
Maintenance of proper oral hygiene by dental plaque elimination is one of the most important factors affecting the healing process in postoperative oral wounds. Propolis is a substance produced by bees. Ethanolic extract of propolis has bactericidal, fungicidal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Moreover, it can scavenge free radicals. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of a gel containing 3% of ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) when used for maintaining oral hygiene in patients with postoperative oral mucosal wounds. The hygiene was assessed using API, OHI, and SBI followed by microbiological examinations. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of those who used a gel containing EEP-B for oral hygiene, and group 2 consisted of those who used a gel without EEP-B. Although improved oral hygiene was noted in both groups, the improvement was markedly greater in the group using gel containing EEP-B. Summing up the results of microbiological examinations, EEP-B has beneficial effect on mouth microflora in postoperative period. Propolis preparations used for oral hygiene allow eliminating microorganisms of pathogenic character and physiological flora microorganisms considered as being opportunistic, with no harmful influence on physiological microflora in oral ecosystem.
Assuntos
Etanol/química , Géis/uso terapêutico , Fraturas Mandibulares/tratamento farmacológico , Fraturas Mandibulares/microbiologia , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Boca/efeitos dos fármacos , Boca/microbiologia , Higiene Bucal , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Géis/farmacologia , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a topically administered hygienic preparation containing a 3% ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) on oral microflora spectrum changes in a group of patients who underwent common oral surgery procedures. Two gel samples were compared: the tested gel containing an active ingredient, that is, a 3% EEP-B (gel GA), and a placebo as the negative control (gel GC). The collection of microbiological material included 14 patients requiring surgical extraction of wisdom molars and short endosseous implant installation. Clinical examinations were carried out as follow-up, that is, baseline and after 5-6 weeks' time. During the first and subsequent assessment, swabs were taken from the mucosal surface. The number of microorganism species was found to have increased following the application of GC gel over the period of 5-6 weeks. This mainly affected Gram-positive rods and bacilli as well as Gram-negative rods. Application of the GA gel enriched with 3% EEP-B caused a profound reduction in the amount of Neisseria spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. strains. Elimination of seven species of microorganisms was observed: Streptococcus acidominimus, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Veillonella parvula, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Assuntos
Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Própole/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Brasil , Etanol/química , Feminino , Humanos , Higiene , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Própole/químicaRESUMO
Propolis-based therapeutic agents represent this potential for the development of new drugs in dental care. The aim of a clinical-cohort study was to determine the influence of application of toothpaste enriched with Brazilian extract of propolis (EEP) on health status of oral cavity. Laboratory analysis was conducted in order to assess the chemical composition of EEP including total phenolic compounds, the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical cation scavenging activity, and FRAP assay. Clinical research involved two groups of subjects comprising 32 adult patients, with assessment based on the preliminary evaluation of the state of their marginal periodontium. The investigation of oral health indices API, OHI, and SBI and microbiological examination of oral microflora were also carried out. Results obtained indicated time-dependent microbial action of EEP at 50 mg/L concentration, with antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The total decrease of API, OHI, and SBI mean values was observed. Hygienic preparations with 3% content of Brazilian ethanol extract of green propolis (EEP) efficiently support removal of dental plaque and improve the state of marginal periodontium.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP-B) on LPS + IFN- γ or PMA stimulated J774A.1 macrophages. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in green propolis extract were performed using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS methods. The cell viability was evaluated by MTT and LDH assays. The radical scavenging ability was determined using DPPH(â¢) and ABTS(â¢+). ROS and RNS generation was analyzed by chemiluminescence. NO concentration was detected by the Griess reaction. The release of various cytokines by activated J774A.1 cells was measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex bead array system based on xMAP technology. Artepillin C, kaempferide, and their derivatives were the main phenolics found in green propolis. At the tested concentrations, the EEP-B did not decrease the cell viability and did not cause the cytotoxicity. EEP-B exerted strong antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited the production of ROS, RNS, NO, cytokine IL-1 α , IL-1 ß , IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-13, TNF- α , G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1 α , MIP-1 ß , and RANTES in stimulated J774A.1 macrophages. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of Brazilian green propolis extract and support its application in complementary and alternative medicine.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the most important measures to be undertaken in order to fight gingivitis and periodontitis is maintenance of proper hygiene of the oral cavity. The research to improve the content of toothpaste has continued for many years so that they should become better in terms of therapeutic abilities. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to determine and investigate the influence of the application of toothpaste and gel with 3% ethanol propolis extract on the state of the oral cavity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research group comprised 80 adult patients divided into two subgroups: Group I, which comprised 40 patients without pathological changes within the boundaries of the periodontium, and Group II, also 40 patients endangered with the occurrence of periodontitis caused by dental plaque and lack of proper hygiene of the oral cavity. Qualification for both groups was based on an interview and analysis of clinical documentation and assessment of adequate indices such as API, OHI and SBI. The patients underwent three examinations: initial, follow-up after 7 days and after 8 weeks since the beginning of the program. Moreover, the patients were instructed about hygienic procedures of the oral cavity. Four groups (T, G, CT, CG), 20 patients each, were created from research groups I and II. They used the following preparations: T--Dental Polis DX toothpaste with propolis content, G--Dental Polis DX toothpaste without propolis content, CT--Carepolis gel with propolis content, CG--Carepolis gel without propolis content. The patients were informed about the type of hygienic preparation they were given to use (whether it contained propolis or not). Moreover, they were interviewed for their subjective evaluation of the product received. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results of the research show the effectiveness of hygienic preparations with 3% content of ethanol propolis extract in both groups of patients: without pathological changes within the boundaries of the periodontium and in the case of patients endangered with the occurrence of gingivitis caused by dental plaque
Assuntos
Etanol/química , Gengivite/terapia , Saúde Bucal , Periodontite/terapia , Própole/farmacologia , Solventes/química , Escovação Dentária , Cremes Dentais/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Brasil , Fracionamento Químico , Placa Dentária/diagnóstico , Placa Dentária/terapia , Diagnóstico Bucal , Feminino , Géis , Gengivite/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Periodontite/diagnóstico , Polônia , Própole/química , Cremes Dentais/química , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Prostate cancer represents an ideal disease for chemopreventive intervention. Propolis possesses immuno-modulatory, anti-tumour and chemopreventive properties. The tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an important endogenous anti-cancer agent that induces apoptosis selectively in tumour cells. However, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Naturally occurring phenolic and polyphenolic compounds sensitize TRAIL-resistant cancer cells and augment the apoptotic activity of TRAIL. The ethanolic extract of Brazilian green propolis (EEP) is rich in phenolic components. Our in vitro results indicate the potential targets in the TRAIL-induced apoptotic pathway for the cancer chemopreventive activity of Brazilian propolis. We examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Brazilian EEP and its bioactive components in combination with TRAIL on LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The chemical composition of Brazilian green propolis was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The cytotoxicity was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl-tetrazolium and lactate dehydrogenase assays. Apoptosis was detected using annexin V-FITC by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was evaluated using DePsipher staining by fluorescence microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to analyse death receptor (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) expression in LNCaP cells. The inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (p65) activation in cancer cells was confirmed by the ELISA-based TransAM NF-κB kit. The LNCaP cells were shown to be resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that EEP sensitizes TRAIL-resistant prostate cancer cells. The main phenolic components detected in Brazilian green propolis are artepillin C, quercetin, kaempferol and p-coumaric acid. Brazilian propolis and its bioactive components markedly augmented TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells. Brazilian EEP enhanced the expression of TRAIL-R2 and the activity of NF-κB in LNCaP cells. The co-treatment of prostate cancer cells with 100 ng/ml TRAIL and 50 µg/ml EEP increased the percentage of apoptotic cells to 65.8 ± 1.2% and caused a significant disruption of ∆Ψm in LNCaP cells. We show that Brazilian EEP helped cells overcome TRAIL resistance by engaging both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and regulating NF-κB activity. The data demonstrate the important role of Brazilian green propolis and its bioactive compounds in prostate cancer chemoprevention through the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.