RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the patterns of socioeconomic status and injury morbidity in adolescents. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Metropolitan school district in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1245 students (89%) recruited from 1400 aged 12 to 16 years. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASURES AND RESULTS: Baseline variables of socioeconomic status used for this analysis included township of residence (from the 1990 census data ranked by the percentage of households below the poverty level) and employment status of the parents (student self-report). Life-table analysis revealed no differential risk of injury by socioeconomic status. Similar results were found when stratified by gender, race, injury type (sport vs nonsport), and injury place (school vs home). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that in this cohort of adolescents, socioeconomic status does not seem to be a contributing risk factor for injury.
Assuntos
Classe Social , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Traumatismos em Atletas/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , Morbidade , Pennsylvania , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , População Urbana , População Branca/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/classificação , Ferimentos e Lesões/economia , Ferimentos e Lesões/etiologiaRESUMO
The beneficial effect of physical activity in the general population is well known, but, to the authors' knowledge, has not been reported for persons with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In a cohort of 548 diabetes patients followed as part of the Pittsburgh Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Morbidity and Mortality Study, physical activity was ascertained by survey in 1981, and mortality was ascertained through January 1, 1988. Cases were also compared with non-diabetic sibling controls. Activity level among cases varied inversely with the occurrence of diabetic complications. Overall activity level was inversely related to mortality risk. Sedentary males (< 1,000 kcal/week) were three times more likely to die than active males (> 2,000 kcal/week). A similar, but statistically nonsignificant, relation was seen in females. Cox proportional hazards analysis controlling for potential confounders (age, body mass index, insulin dose, reported diabetes complications, cigarette smoking, and current alcohol drinking) similarly revealed that activity level was inversely associated with mortality risk. Comparison of cases with non-diabetic sibling controls identified similar activity levels for the two groups. The results suggest that activity is not detrimental with regard to mortality, and may in fact provide a beneficial effect in terms of longevity in diabetes patients.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/mortalidade , Exercício Físico , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The aim of the present research was to determine the association between historical physical activity and baseline bone measurements in a group of 223 postmenopausal women participating in a clinical trial in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1981 to 1986 by evaluating the effect of moderate physical activity on bone loss. Historical physical activity was assessed by a survey which divided the life span into four time periods (14-21, 22-34, 35-50, and 50+ years) and inquired about participation in leisure time physical activities for each period. From the responses, kilocalories of energy expenditure were calculated. Cortical bone density and area were measured in the radius with a computerized tomography scanner. The historical physical activity survey was administered a second time two to three months after the initial test to a 10% random sample of the women in order to determine the test-retest reliability of the instrument. Since the measurements of historical physical activity proved to be reliable, estimates of kilocalories determined for the entire population of women were correlated with bone area and density. A significant relation was found to exist between historical physical activity and dimensions of adult bone, particularly bone area. This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables and seemed to be strongest in the earlier age periods. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a significant association between historical physical activity and bone.