Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Enteropatias/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá , População RuralRESUMO
Although oral glucose-electrolyte solutions containing 90 mmol of sodium per liter have been widely used in the treatment of acute diarrhea among under-nourished children in the developing world, they have rarely been studied in well-nourished children. We therefore conducted a controlled randomized study among well-nourished children three months to two years who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea (52 in the United States, and 94 in Panama), to compare the efficacy of this solution with that of one containing 50 mmol of sodium per liter and with standard intravenous therapy. Oral rehydration with both solutions according to protocol was successful in 97 of 98 children (one required unscheduled intravenous therapy), and in 87 (89 per cent) no intravenous therapy was required. All of six children admitted with hypernatremia were successfully treated with oral therapy alone. We conclude that glucose-electrolyte oral solutions containing either 50 or 90 mmol of sodium per liter are effective and safe in the treatment of well-nourished children hospitalized with acute diarrhea, and that they may completely replace the intravenous fluids in the majority of such children.
Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil/terapia , Hidratação/métodos , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Países em Desenvolvimento , Eletrólitos/administração & dosagem , Eletrólitos/sangue , Feminino , Hidratação/efeitos adversos , Glucose/administração & dosagem , Hospitalização , Humanos , Lactente , Infusões Parenterais , Masculino , Panamá , Sódio/sangue , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Enteropathogenic bacteria was isolated from 131 of 447 (29.4%) neotropical Panamanian lizards belonging to 34 species of seven families. Overall, 147 strains of bacteria were isolated comprising 26 Salmonella and 10 Arizona serotypes. Gymnopthalmus speciosus had the highest infection rate, 12 of 13 individuals (92.3%), whereas Gonatodes fuscus exhibited the lowest, 1 of 18 (5.6%). The highest infection was detected in lizards whose behavioral patterns were secretive (42.0%) and terrestrial (42.6%), whereas the lowest infection was among the scansorial lizards (17.5%). Rates were highest during the dry season, from January through April. Many neotropical Panamanian lizards were multiply infected by Salmonella an Arizona strains representing representing a wide range of serotypes. Infected lizards were distributed in areas varying from remote rural and forested regions to urban developments, offering a potentially important reservoir of enteropathogenic bacteria known to cause infection in man and domestic animals.
Assuntos
Lagartos/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonella arizonae/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Panamá , Salmonelose Animal/microbiologia , Estações do AnoAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Febre Q/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/imunologia , Panamá , RiscoRESUMO
Edwardsiella tarda was isolated during etiologic and epidemiologic investigations of diarrheal disease agents in man and for Enterobacteriaceae in various species of wild-caught animals in Panamá. A total of 50 strains were recovered from approximately 14,000 specimens cultured between 1965 and 1972. In this period, Edwardsiella was isolated from ten individuals with a clinically diagnosed diarrheal syndrome, while 20 of some 3,000 persons from rural areas were asymptomatic carriers of these organisms. Edwardsiella tarda was also associated with two fatal cases of extraintestinal infection in man. In both cases liver abscess was a predominant feature. Edwardsiella was not demonstrated in either symptomatic or asymptomatic persons from urban areas. Edwardsiella tarda was present among some of the wild fauna of Panamá; various species of animals including snakes, toads, monkeys, and opossums harbored this organism.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Animais , Anuros/microbiologia , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Humanos , Abscesso Hepático/microbiologia , Panamá , Sepse/microbiologia , Esgotos , Serpentes/microbiologiaRESUMO
Enteric bacteria pathogenic to man were sought in a total of 974 forest mammals collected from a variety of sites in rural and jungle areas of Panamá. The highest incidence of infection among the mammals was observed during the Panamanian dry season, which normally extends from January through April. A minimum of 10 Salmonella serotypes including, three of the Arizona group and Ewardsiella tarda, was isolated. Opossums of the genera Philander, 11 of 54 (20.1%), and Didelphis, 12 of 102 (11.8%) demonstrated high infection rates. One sloth of the genus Choloepus and specimens of two genera of rodents also were infected to varying degrees: 1(11.1%) of 9 Choloepus, 8 (1.1%) of 704 Proechimys and 1 (16.7%) of 6 Diplomys.
Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças/veterinária , Mamíferos/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Carnívoros/microbiologia , Quirópteros/microbiologia , Gambás/microbiologia , Panamá , Roedores/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Estações do Ano , Xenarthra/microbiologiaRESUMO
The first confirmed case of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Panama is reported. This marine organism, causing food poisoning in some countries and isolated only recently from seawater in Panama, was recovered from the stools of a patient with acute gastroenteritis, as well as from fresh shrimp used in preparing seafood dishes. This person and 39 other individuals became acutely ill a few hours after eating shrimp at the same restaurant.