RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) are inconclusive, because most data in the literature have been obtained from small series. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of tumour necrosis with cancer recurrence and survival in a large international series of patients treated with RNU. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were collected from 1425 patients treated with RNU at 13 centres and combined into a relational database. Pathologic slides were re-reviewed by genitourinary pathologists according to strict criteria. Extensive tumour necrosis was scored as >10% of the tumour area. INTERVENTION: Patients underwent either open or laparoscopic RNU. Lymph node dissection was performed in the presence of enlarged nodes. MEASUREMENTS: Recurrence was defined as tumour relapse in the operative field, lymph node (LN) metastasis, and/or distant metastases. Bladder recurrences were not considered. Associations of extensive tumour necrosis with recurrence-free survival and cancer-specific survival were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Extensive tumour necrosis was observed in 364 patients (25.5%) and was associated with advanced tumour stage, high tumour grade, sessile architecture, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), concomitant carcinoma in situ, and LN metastasis (p<0.0001 each). Extensive tumour necrosis was independently associated with disease recurrence and survival (p=0.037 and p=0.046, respectively) after adjusting for the effects of pathologic stage, grade, LVI, and LN status. The addition of extensive tumour necrosis to a base model comprising standard pathologic predictors marginally improved its predictive accuracy for both cancer-specific recurrence (1.5%) and survival (1.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Extensive tumour necrosis is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients who undergo RNU for UTUC. Assessment of tumour necrosis may help to identify patients who could benefit from multimodal therapy after RNU in the future. Evaluation of extensive tumour necrosis should be part of standard pathologic reporting.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Pelve Renal/patologia , Ureter/patologia , Neoplasias Ureterais/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma/mortalidade , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Chile , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Europa (Continente) , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Pelve Renal/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Nefrectomia/métodos , América do Norte , Seleção de Pacientes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ureter/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ureterais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Ureterais/cirurgia , Urotélio/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the sex differences in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and to determine the effect on prognosis after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in a large multicenter series. METHODS: The records of 1363 patients who had undergone RNU were reviewed from the UTUC Collaboration database. The median follow-up was 47 months (range 0-250). The pathologic slides were re-evaluated by genitourinary pathologists unaware of the original findings from the slides and the clinical outcomes. The endpoints were freedom from tumor recurrence and disease-specific survival. RESULTS: The male-to-female ratio was 2.1:1. The women were older than the men at diagnosis (70 +/- 11 vs 68 +/- 11 years; P < .001). No significant sex-related differences were found in the presence of symptoms at presentation (P = .70), pathologic stage (P = .98), tumor grade (P = .28), tumor architecture (P = .27), presence of lymphovascular invasion (P = .42), presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ (P = .08), or the presence of lymph node metastases (P = .24). Recurrence developed in 379 patients (28%), and 313 patients (23%) died of their disease. Sex was not associated with disease recurrence (P = .07) or disease-specific survival (P = .13). An adjustment for the effects of the pathologic features did not change the lack of association of sex with the clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the largest series analyzing the effect of sex on the outcomes after RNU. No difference was found in the clinicopathologic features or prognosis between women and men treated with RNU for UTUC. The results of this large, international series show that RNU provides durable local control and disease-specific survival for both men and women with UTUC.